泰戈尔与“东方学”
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摘要
作为学科的"东方学"产生于近代西方。20世纪初在东西文化对话中,东方的知识精英审视自身的传统,形成了不同于西方立场的"东方学"。泰戈尔是东方"东方学"的奠基人。他获得诺贝尔文学奖,在西方产生巨大影响,成为西方真正认识东方的文化象征。他是在20世纪初的世界格局中,具有整体东方意识的思想家和诗人。他对"东方学"的许多课题都有自己的思考,对东方文化的精神实质、现实中东方文化的建设策略、东西方的关系等论题都有具体、系统的探讨与建构。他创办的"国际大学",成为东方研究中心和人才培养基地,培养了大批东方传统的继承者和研究者。
Orientalism,as a discipline,originated in the modern West. At the beginning of the 20 th Century,in the dialogue between Eastern and Western cultures,the Eastern intellectual elite based on their own traditions,formed"Orientalism"that was different from the Western standpoint. Tagore is the founder of the"Orientalism"in the East. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature,having a great impact on the West. He is the cultural symbol for the West to understand the East. He was a thinker and poet with an overall oriental consciousness in the pattern of the world at the beginning of the 20 th Century. He has his own thoughts on many subjects of Orientalism,and has a specific and systematic discussion and construction on the spiritual essence of the oriental culture,the construction strategy of realistic oriental culture,and the relationship between the East and West. He founded the "Visva Bharati"( International University),as the Oriental Research Center and personnel training base,cultivating a large number of successors of Eastern traditions and researchers.
Orientalism,as a discipline,originated in the modern West. At the beginning of the 20 th Century,in the dialogue between Eastern and Western cultures,the Eastern intellectual elite based on their own traditions,formed"Orientalism"that was different from the Western standpoint. Tagore is the founder of the"Orientalism"in the East. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature,having a great impact on the West. He is the cultural symbol for the West to understand the East. He was a thinker and poet with an overall oriental consciousness in the pattern of the world at the beginning of the 20 th Century. He has his own thoughts on many subjects of Orientalism,and has a specific and systematic discussion and construction on the spiritual essence of the oriental culture,the construction strategy of realistic oriental culture,and the relationship between the East and West. He founded the "Visva Bharati"( International University),as the Oriental Research Center and personnel training base,cultivating a large number of successors of Eastern traditions and researchers.
引文
[1]克里希娜·克里巴拉尼.泰戈尔传[M].倪培耕,译.桂林:漓江出版社,1984.
[2]泰戈尔.诗人的宗教[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第21卷.白开元,殷洪元,耿克璞,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000:252.
[3]泰戈尔.泰戈尔对中国说[M].徐志摩,译.上海:译林出版社,2013.
[4]泰戈尔.社会差别[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第23卷.白开元,殷洪元,潘小珠,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000.
[5]泰戈尔.泰戈尔在中国的谈话[M]//秦悦.泰戈尔:我的前世是中国人.上海:上海辞书出版社,2014:43.
[6]维希瓦纳特·S·纳拉万.泰戈尔评传[M].刘文哲,何文安,译.重庆:重庆出版社,1985:3-4.
[7]泰戈尔.艺术是什么[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第22卷.倪培耕,陈宗荣,李德山,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000:165.
[8]泰戈尔.本国社会[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第23卷.白开元,殷洪元,潘小珠,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000:83-84.
[9]泰戈尔.泰戈尔的政治思想[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第24卷.殷洪元,白开元,李德山,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000:323.
[10]泰戈尔.东方社会[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第23卷.白开元,殷洪元,潘小珠,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000:179.
[11]泰戈尔.论东方和西方[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第23卷.白开元,殷洪元,潘小珠,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000
[12]泰戈尔.东方与西方[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第21卷.白开元,殷洪元,耿克璞,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000.
[13]泰戈尔.东方和西方[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第23卷.白开元,殷洪元,潘小珠,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000.
[14]泰戈尔.民族主义[M].谭仁侠,译.北京:商务印书馆,1986.
[15]爱德华·W·萨义德.东方学[M].王宇根,译.北京:三联书店,1999:4.
[16]冯友兰.与印度泰谷尔谈话[M]//孙宜学.诗人的精神---泰戈尔在中国.南昌:江西高校出版社,2009:106.
[17]泰戈尔.一所东方大学[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第21卷.白开元,殷洪元,耿克璞,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000.
[18]泰戈尔.一个艺术家的宗教---泰戈尔讲演集[M].康绍邦,译.上海:上海三联书店,1989:139-140.
(1)关于“国际大学”的情况,详参谭云山:《印度周游记》,新亚细亚学会1933年版,第198-202页。
[2]泰戈尔.诗人的宗教[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第21卷.白开元,殷洪元,耿克璞,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000:252.
[3]泰戈尔.泰戈尔对中国说[M].徐志摩,译.上海:译林出版社,2013.
[4]泰戈尔.社会差别[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第23卷.白开元,殷洪元,潘小珠,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000.
[5]泰戈尔.泰戈尔在中国的谈话[M]//秦悦.泰戈尔:我的前世是中国人.上海:上海辞书出版社,2014:43.
[6]维希瓦纳特·S·纳拉万.泰戈尔评传[M].刘文哲,何文安,译.重庆:重庆出版社,1985:3-4.
[7]泰戈尔.艺术是什么[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第22卷.倪培耕,陈宗荣,李德山,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000:165.
[8]泰戈尔.本国社会[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第23卷.白开元,殷洪元,潘小珠,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000:83-84.
[9]泰戈尔.泰戈尔的政治思想[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第24卷.殷洪元,白开元,李德山,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000:323.
[10]泰戈尔.东方社会[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第23卷.白开元,殷洪元,潘小珠,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000:179.
[11]泰戈尔.论东方和西方[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第23卷.白开元,殷洪元,潘小珠,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000
[12]泰戈尔.东方与西方[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第21卷.白开元,殷洪元,耿克璞,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000.
[13]泰戈尔.东方和西方[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第23卷.白开元,殷洪元,潘小珠,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000.
[14]泰戈尔.民族主义[M].谭仁侠,译.北京:商务印书馆,1986.
[15]爱德华·W·萨义德.东方学[M].王宇根,译.北京:三联书店,1999:4.
[16]冯友兰.与印度泰谷尔谈话[M]//孙宜学.诗人的精神---泰戈尔在中国.南昌:江西高校出版社,2009:106.
[17]泰戈尔.一所东方大学[M]//泰戈尔.泰戈尔全集:第21卷.白开元,殷洪元,耿克璞,等,译.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000.
[18]泰戈尔.一个艺术家的宗教---泰戈尔讲演集[M].康绍邦,译.上海:上海三联书店,1989:139-140.
(1)关于“国际大学”的情况,详参谭云山:《印度周游记》,新亚细亚学会1933年版,第198-202页。