腐植酸生物有机肥对土壤性质及小麦产量的影响
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摘要
通过大田试验,研究了复合肥配施腐植酸生物有机肥对小麦产量、土壤生物学特性和养分含量的影响。结果显示,常量与减量复合肥条件下增施腐植酸生物有机肥均可提高小麦产量,与常量施肥相比,减量复合肥30%,增施腐植酸生物有机肥可增产3.88%。增施腐植酸生物有机肥均提高了拔节期和成熟期根际土壤细菌和放线菌数,降低了真菌数,其中细菌数提高比例在30%～45%之间,放线菌数提高比例在8%～23%之间,真菌数降低比例在12%～17%之间,同时调整了不同生育期土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性,为小麦整个生育期的生长提供了充足的氮、磷、钾等养分供给。此外,与常量施肥相比,增施腐植酸生物有机肥2个处理(T1、T2)的土壤有机质含量在拔节期分别显著提高了17.57%和17.09%,成熟期分别显著提高了31.43%和26.12%。
The effects of compound fertilizer combined with humic acid bio-organic fertilizer on wheat yield,soil biological characteristics and nutrient content were studied by field experiment. The results showed that application of humic acid bio-organic fertilizer could increase the yield of wheat under the condition of normal and reduced compound fertilizer. Compared with normal fertilization, reducing the amount of compound fertilizer by 30%, with increasing the application of humic acid bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield by 3.88%. The application of humic acid bio-organic fertilizer increased the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil during jointing stage and maturity stage, which reduced the number of fungi. The proportion of bacteria increased from 30% to 45%, actinomycetes increased from 8% to 23%, and fungi decreased from 12% to 17%. The activity of urease, neutral phosphatase, dehydrogenase,catalase and sucrase in soil at different growth stages were adjusted to provide sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient for the growth of wheat throughout the growth period. In addition, soil organic matter content of applying humic acid bio-organic fertilizer(T1, T2) increased by 17.57% and 17.09% at jointing stage, 31.43% and 26.12% at maturity stage, respectively as compared to normal fertilization.
The effects of compound fertilizer combined with humic acid bio-organic fertilizer on wheat yield,soil biological characteristics and nutrient content were studied by field experiment. The results showed that application of humic acid bio-organic fertilizer could increase the yield of wheat under the condition of normal and reduced compound fertilizer. Compared with normal fertilization, reducing the amount of compound fertilizer by 30%, with increasing the application of humic acid bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield by 3.88%. The application of humic acid bio-organic fertilizer increased the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil during jointing stage and maturity stage, which reduced the number of fungi. The proportion of bacteria increased from 30% to 45%, actinomycetes increased from 8% to 23%, and fungi decreased from 12% to 17%. The activity of urease, neutral phosphatase, dehydrogenase,catalase and sucrase in soil at different growth stages were adjusted to provide sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient for the growth of wheat throughout the growth period. In addition, soil organic matter content of applying humic acid bio-organic fertilizer(T1, T2) increased by 17.57% and 17.09% at jointing stage, 31.43% and 26.12% at maturity stage, respectively as compared to normal fertilization.
引文
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[27]宋震震,李絮花,李娟,等.有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(3):525~533.
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[29]孙耿,刘杰,罗尊长,等.化肥配施生物有机肥对冷浸田土壤养分和水稻生长的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2015(10):44~46.
[30]胡可,李华兴,卢维盛,等.生物有机肥对土壤微生物活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):303~306.
[2]谢鹏虓,黄鹏,安丹军.配施生物有机肥及化肥减量对玉米间作豌豆土壤微生物及产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(6):41~46.
[3]李群岭,徐文兵,齐永杰,等.生物有机肥与无机肥配施对烤烟生理特性和生长的影响[J].作物研究,2017,31(3):289~292.
[4]农传江,汤利,徐智,等.有机肥部分替代化肥对土壤有机碳库和烤烟经济性状的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(4):70~75.
[5]刘艳,李波,隽英华,等.生物有机肥对盐碱地玉米渗透调节物质及土壤微生物的影响[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(5):1013~1018.
[6]Ding C Y,Shen Q R,Zhang R F,et al.Evaluation of rhizosphere bacteria and derived bio-organic fertilizers as potential biocontrol agents against bacterial wilt of potato[J].Plant and Soil,2013,366(1/2):453~466.
[7]Wu K,Yuan S F,Wang L L,et al.Effects of bioorganic fertilizer plus soil amendment on the control of tobacco bacterial wilt and composition of soil bacterial communities[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2014,50(6):961~971.
[8]张志华.含腐植酸肥料配合秸秆施用对葡萄生长发育及土壤肥力的影响[D].华中农业大学硕士学位论文,2017.
[9]高亮,任万云,罗波,等.腐植酸生物有机肥在大白菜上的应用研究[J].腐植酸,2017(2):31~36.
[10]刘彩云,陈朵花,刘金阳,等.含腐植酸生物有机肥的工艺优化及应用效果研究[J].腐植酸,2019(1):27~31.
[11]李亮科.生产要素利用对粮食增产和环境影响研究[D].中国农业大学博士学位论文,2015.
[12]黄婷苗,郑险峰,侯仰毅,等.秸秆还田对冬小麦产量和氮、磷、钾吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):853~863.
[13]何绍江,陈雯莉.微生物学实验[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[15]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.
[16]刘金光,李孝刚,王兴祥.连续施用有机肥对连作花生根际微生物种群和酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(2):305~311.
[17]张彭良,李静,王丹丹.生物有机肥对春小麦生理特性及土壤养分和微生物的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(9):66~72.
[18]邱晓丽.不同生物有机肥对土壤生物活性以及对马铃薯的生物效应的影响[D].甘肃农业大学硕士学位论文,2018.
[19]吴凤芝,王学征.设施黄瓜连作和轮作中土壤微生物群落多样性的变化及其与产量品质的关系[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(10):2274~2280.
[20]Liu W,Wang Q,Wang B,et al.Changes in the abundance and structure of bacterial communities under longterm fertilization treatments in a peanut monocropping system[J].Plant and Soil,2015,395(1/2):415~427.
[21]柳影,丁文娟,曹群,等.套种韭菜配施生物有机肥对香蕉枯萎病及土壤微生物的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(2):303~309.
[22]李迪秦,龚湛武,李玉辉,等.复合生物有机肥对烤烟光合生理特性及土壤微生物的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(9):109~116.
[23]王耀.复合肥配施不同生物有机肥对土壤肥力及马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2018,32(2):96~100.
[24]Fu L,Penton C R,Ruan Y,et al.Inducing the rhizosphere microbiome by biofertilizer application to suppress banana Fusarium wilt disease[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,104:39~48.
[25]王立刚,李维炯,邱建军,等.生物有机肥对作物生长、土壤肥力及产量的效应研究[J].土壤肥料,2004(5):12~16.
[26]高亮,宋杰.腐植酸生物有机肥对设施葡萄生长发育、产量和品质的影响[J].腐植酸,2018(3):68~73.
[27]宋震震,李絮花,李娟,等.有机肥和化肥长期施用对土壤活性有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(3):525~533.
[28]廖萍,汤军,黄山,等.等养分条件下生物有机肥与化肥配施对双季稻产量和土壤性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(2):16~20.
[29]孙耿,刘杰,罗尊长,等.化肥配施生物有机肥对冷浸田土壤养分和水稻生长的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2015(10):44~46.
[30]胡可,李华兴,卢维盛,等.生物有机肥对土壤微生物活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):303~306.