陕北地区盐碱地作物种植试验研究——以定边县堆子梁镇小滩子村盐碱地开发项目为例
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摘要
为探究陕北地区盐碱地整治后种植作物成效及灌溉方式选择,以定边县堆子梁镇小滩子村盐碱地开发治理项目为例,结合当地种植习惯,通过测定在整治后的盐碱地上分别种植玉米、高粱、油葵、糜子、稗子五种作物并采用平作漫灌、垄作覆膜滴灌、垄作覆膜沟灌三种不同的灌溉方式下作物生长状况、产量及整治前后土壤理化性质。结果表明:垄作滴灌条件下油葵生长状况最佳且亩均收益最高;同种作物不同农艺措施下土壤pH值和全盐量指标降低幅度依次为垄作滴灌>垄作沟灌>平作漫灌;在垄作覆膜滴灌农艺措施下,不同作物种植土壤的PH值指标降低幅度依次为油葵>糜子>稗子>高粱>玉米,全盐含量指标降低幅度依次为油葵>糜子>高粱>稗子>玉米。以此可为当地作物种植及灌溉方式选择提供技术参考。
Taking the saline-alkali land development project in Xiaotanzi village,Duizi liang town,Dingbian county as an example,combined with local growing habit,yield and soil physical and chemical properties before and after improvement were measured on saline-alkali land after the renovation of corn,sorghum,canopy,corn millet,barnyard grass five crops and adopt the culture flood irrigation,ridge tillage effect of drip irrigation,ridge tillage effect of furrow irrigation under three different irrigation methods crop growth.The results showed that the oil sunflower had the best growth and the highest yield per mu under the condition of ridge and drip irrigation.Under different agronomic measures of the same crop,the decreasing degrees of soil pH value and total salinity index were successively as follows:ridge under drip irrigation,ridge under ditch irrigation,flat irrigation and flood irrigation.Under the agronomic measures of ridge cropping and film-covered drip irrigation,the pH value of the cultivated soil of different crops decreased by Oil sunflower>Corn millet>barnyard grass>sorghum>corn,The decrease of total salt content was successively Oil sunflower>Corn millet>sorghum>barnyard grass>corn.It can provide technical reference for local crop planting and irrigation method selection.
Taking the saline-alkali land development project in Xiaotanzi village,Duizi liang town,Dingbian county as an example,combined with local growing habit,yield and soil physical and chemical properties before and after improvement were measured on saline-alkali land after the renovation of corn,sorghum,canopy,corn millet,barnyard grass five crops and adopt the culture flood irrigation,ridge tillage effect of drip irrigation,ridge tillage effect of furrow irrigation under three different irrigation methods crop growth.The results showed that the oil sunflower had the best growth and the highest yield per mu under the condition of ridge and drip irrigation.Under different agronomic measures of the same crop,the decreasing degrees of soil pH value and total salinity index were successively as follows:ridge under drip irrigation,ridge under ditch irrigation,flat irrigation and flood irrigation.Under the agronomic measures of ridge cropping and film-covered drip irrigation,the pH value of the cultivated soil of different crops decreased by Oil sunflower>Corn millet>barnyard grass>sorghum>corn,The decrease of total salt content was successively Oil sunflower>Corn millet>sorghum>barnyard grass>corn.It can provide technical reference for local crop planting and irrigation method selection.
引文
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[3]胡一,韩霁昌,杜宜春,等.陕西省盐碱地分布成因与开发造田模式分析[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(11):301-303.
[4]郝起礼,赵彩云.盐碱地开发治理措施概述-以定边县堆子梁镇土地开发项目为例[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究),2017(2):25-30.
[5]胡梦飞,刘社堂.陕西定边盐碱地开发探索实践与对策建议[J].西部经济,2017(10):48-51.
[6]刘社堂,舒锟.陕北盐碱地开发土地重构及耕作改良对策思考[J].农村经济与科技,2017,28(21):4-7.
[7]刘永信,王玉珍.盐碱地区域化种植耐盐植物可行性研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2011,52(05):49-50.
[8]朱友娟,郑德明,姜益娟.新疆棉田膜下滴灌方式下土壤水分运移变化规律研究[J].新疆农业科学,2007,44(5):613-618.
[9]王在敏,何雨江,靳孟贵,等.运用土壤水盐运移模型优化棉花微咸水膜下滴灌制度[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(17):68-71.
[10]何欣燕,乔雪涛,赵海艳,等.不同隔离垫层对宁夏盐碱地盐碱动态和土壤养分及垂柳生长的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(5):1152-1157.
[11]高红义,牛俊义,徐锐,等.灌溉条件下秸秆深层覆盖对盐碱地改良的效果[J].内蒙古水利,2013(3):52-55.