黄河三角洲潮间带柽柳灌丛的格局及结构动态研究
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摘要
采用聚集度指标与种群结构动态量化法,分析了黄河三角洲潮间带柽柳灌丛的分布格局与结构动态变化。结果表明:(1)在潮间带,柽柳种群从幼苗、小灌木至中灌木都服从集群分布,大灌木为随机分布;柽柳个体幼苗多生长在母体周围,以母体为中心进行繁衍,随着径级的增加,种群个体间的竞争增加,聚集度减小,逐渐呈现随机分布。(2)柽柳种群结构呈纺锤型;高度级失稳率指数显示幼苗和小灌木有很高的衰退速率,随着群落的演替发展,龄级较大的柽柳优势地位将被削弱。(3)种群动态预测表明,种群明显处于衰退的早期阶段,中小灌木的个体数量减少,大灌木个体数增加,达到数量高峰;虽然群落在短时期内会保持稳定,但大灌木(或老龄个体)的数量大幅减少后,柽柳种群将面临重度衰退。
Based on the data of Tamarix chinensis in the intertidal zone of coastal wetlands in Yellow River Delta,ascertaining population patterns and dynamic changes were investigated.The results are as follows.(1) Seedlings,small and middle shrubs performed a pattern of clustering distribution;large ones were a pattern of random because of competition increasing.Most of seedlings grew in the maternal surrounding.(2) T.chinensis' age structure was a spindle type.Highness class structure indicated the rates of decline of seedlings and small shrubs were high.With the development of the community,the dominance of larger ones would be weakened.(3) Population dynamics prediction indicated that the population was in the early depression stage;the number of large-sized shrub was expected to increase,whereas the number of trees in other size classes was expected to decrease.Although the community will remain stable in a short period of time,T.chinensis population will face severe recession after the numbers of the larger shrubs(or old individuals) having a drastic reduction.
Based on the data of Tamarix chinensis in the intertidal zone of coastal wetlands in Yellow River Delta,ascertaining population patterns and dynamic changes were investigated.The results are as follows.(1) Seedlings,small and middle shrubs performed a pattern of clustering distribution;large ones were a pattern of random because of competition increasing.Most of seedlings grew in the maternal surrounding.(2) T.chinensis' age structure was a spindle type.Highness class structure indicated the rates of decline of seedlings and small shrubs were high.With the development of the community,the dominance of larger ones would be weakened.(3) Population dynamics prediction indicated that the population was in the early depression stage;the number of large-sized shrub was expected to increase,whereas the number of trees in other size classes was expected to decrease.Although the community will remain stable in a short period of time,T.chinensis population will face severe recession after the numbers of the larger shrubs(or old individuals) having a drastic reduction.
引文
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[19]李荣,周朝彬,宋于洋.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘柽柳种群分布格局及年龄结构的研究[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2013,31(2):154–158.
[20]苏爱玲,徐广平,汪诗平,等.祁连山金露梅灌丛草甸群落结构及主要种群的点格局分析[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(6):1231–1239.
[21]于军,白冠章,梁继业,等.塔里木河上、中、下游胡杨种群高度结构特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(7):103–109.
[22]陈晓德,李旭光,王金锡.绵阳官司河流域长江防护林的群落高度级结构分析[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(4):376–385.
[23]肖宜安,何平,李晓红,等.濒危植物长柄双花木自然种群数量动态[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(2):252–257.
[24]宋萍,洪伟,吴承祯,等.中亚热带丝栗栲次生林群落高度级结构分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(5):460–464.
[2]王鑫厅,侯亚丽,刘芳,等.羊草+大针茅草原退化群落优势种群空间点格局分析[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(12):1281–1289.
[3]郑姚闽,崔国发,雷霆,等.甘肃敦煌西湖多枝柽柳群落特征和种群格局[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(4):34–44.
[4]韩路,王家强,王海珍,等.塔里木河上游胡杨种群结构与动态[J].生态学报,2014,34(16):4640–4651.
[5]张治国,王仁卿.青岛沿海岛屿生物多样性研究(Ⅱ)山茶(Camelliaj ap onica)种群分布格局[J].山东大学学报,1998,33(4):455–461.
[6]朱金方,夏江宝,陆兆华,等.盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(1):0124–0130.
[7]孙志高,牟晓杰,陈小兵,等.黄河三角洲湿地保护与恢复的现状、问题及建议[J].湿地科学,2011,9(2):107–115.
[8]刘富强,王延平,杨阳,等.黄河三角洲柽柳种群空间分布格局研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(3):7–11.
[9]武志博,田永祯,赵菊英,等.额济纳绿洲重盐地多枝柽柳分布格局研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):106–109.
[10]赵峰侠,尹林克.荒漠内陆河岸胡杨和多枝柽柳幼苗种群空间分布格局及种间关联性[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(7):972–977.
[11]陈金星,尹林克.不同生境的多枝柽柳种群空间分布点格局分析[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(1):115–120.
[12]赵欣胜,吕卷章,孙涛.黄河三角洲植被分布环境解释及柽柳空间分布点格局分析[J].北京林业大学学报.2009,31(3):29–36.
[13]刘普幸.疏勒河中下游绿洲胡杨种群结构与动态研究[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(3):429–439.
[14]申仕康,马海英,王跃华,等.濒危植物猪血木(Euryodendron excelsum H.T.Chang)自然种群结构及动态[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2404–2412.
[15]张绪良,叶思源,印萍,等.黄河三角洲自然湿地植被的特征及演化[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):292–298.
[16]徐梦辰,刘加珍,陈永金.黄河三角洲柽柳群落退化特征分析[J].人民黄河,2015,37(7):85–89.
[17]贾佳,白军红,高照琴,等.黄河三角洲潮间带盐沼土壤碳、氮含量和储量[J].湿地科学,2015,13(6):714–721.
[18]刘加珍,李卫卫,陈永金,等.黄河三角洲湿地水盐影响下灌草群落的物种多样性研究[J].生态科学,2015,34(5):135–141.
[19]李荣,周朝彬,宋于洋.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘柽柳种群分布格局及年龄结构的研究[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2013,31(2):154–158.
[20]苏爱玲,徐广平,汪诗平,等.祁连山金露梅灌丛草甸群落结构及主要种群的点格局分析[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(6):1231–1239.
[21]于军,白冠章,梁继业,等.塔里木河上、中、下游胡杨种群高度结构特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(7):103–109.
[22]陈晓德,李旭光,王金锡.绵阳官司河流域长江防护林的群落高度级结构分析[J].植物生态学报,1997,21(4):376–385.
[23]肖宜安,何平,李晓红,等.濒危植物长柄双花木自然种群数量动态[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(2):252–257.
[24]宋萍,洪伟,吴承祯,等.中亚热带丝栗栲次生林群落高度级结构分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(5):460–464.