伊犁河谷低山退化草地围栏封育效果研究
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摘要
为了探索围栏封育在伊犁河谷退化草地改良中的作用,试验以伊犁河谷低山温性草原类、温性荒漠草原类和温性荒漠类退化草地为研究对象,2012-2016年连续5年测定其围栏内、外的植被盖度、草群高度、植物种类、鲜草产量和干草产量。结果表明:围栏封育可以有效提高退化温性草原类、温性荒漠草原类、温性荒漠类草地的生产力;能显著提高3类草地的鲜草产量、干草产量、草群高度和植被盖度;对植物种类的影响幅度较小,差异不显著;可影响各草地生产指标间的关系;可以作为草地改良的措施之一在伊犁河谷退化草地中应用。
Three types of temperate degraded grassland for 5 consecutive years from 2012 to 2016 in the low mountain in Yili River valley were used to examine the vegetation coverage, grass height, plant species, fresh yield and hay yield of the inside and outside the fence. The results showed that the fence effectively improved the grassland productivity in the degradation of temperate steppe, temperate desert steppe, temperate desert;significantly improved the grass yield, hay yield, grass height and vegetation coverage of the three types of grassland; the impact on plant species was small and the difference was not significant; the relationship between grassland production indexes can be effected; which can be used as one of grassland improvement measures in degraded grassland in Yili River valley.
Three types of temperate degraded grassland for 5 consecutive years from 2012 to 2016 in the low mountain in Yili River valley were used to examine the vegetation coverage, grass height, plant species, fresh yield and hay yield of the inside and outside the fence. The results showed that the fence effectively improved the grassland productivity in the degradation of temperate steppe, temperate desert steppe, temperate desert;significantly improved the grass yield, hay yield, grass height and vegetation coverage of the three types of grassland; the impact on plant species was small and the difference was not significant; the relationship between grassland production indexes can be effected; which can be used as one of grassland improvement measures in degraded grassland in Yili River valley.
引文
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[19]李慧.新疆山区草地生态系统植被恢复过程中生物多样性研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2006.
[2]龙瑞军,董世魁,胡自治.西部草地退化的原因分析与生态恢复措施探讨[J].草原与草坪,2005,(6):3-7.
[3]包文忠,山微,杨晓东,等.我国北方草地资源面临的生态危机及对策[J].中国草地,1998(2):68-71.
[4]王宗礼.中国草原生态保护战略思考[J].中国草地,2005,27(4):1-9.
[5]周斌,乔木,冯缨.伊犁河谷春秋草地生态调查及其恢复对策[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):528-532.
[6]朱新萍,贾宏涛,蒋平安,等.长期围栏封育对中天山草地植被群落特征及多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(6):989-992.
[7]杨刚,杨智明,王思成,等.盐池四墩子试区草原围栏封育效果调研[J].宁夏农学院学报,2003,24(1):22-24.
[8]王小利,干友民,张力,等.围栏内禁牧与轻牧对高寒草原群落的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2005,40(3):368-375.
[9]周华坤,周立,赵新全,等.围栏封育对轻牧与重牧金露梅灌丛的影响[J].草地学报,2004,12(2):140-144.
[10]崔国盈,刘长娥,安沙舟.天山北坡山地草原围栏封育效果研究[J].草业与草坪,2008,130(5):51-55.
[11]杨合龙,孙宗玖,陈玉萍.封育年限对伊犁绢蒿荒漠群落特征及草场质量的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(2):252-257.
[12]段敏杰,高清竹,万运帆,等.放牧对藏北紫花针茅高寒草原植物群落特征的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(14):3892-3900.
[13]马克平.试论生物多样性的概念[J].生物多样性,1993,1(15):20-22.
[14]周国英,陈桂琛,赵以莲,等.施肥和围栏封育对青海湖地区高寒草原影响的比较研究Ⅱ.地上生物量季节动态[J].草业科学,2005,22(1):59-63.
[15]王炜,刘钟龄,郝敦元,等.内蒙古草原退化群落恢复演替的研究Ⅰ.退化草原的基本特征与恢复演替动力[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(5):449-459.
[16]刘雪明,聂学敏.围栏封育对高寒草地植被数量特征的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(1):112-116.
[17]董世魁,刘世梁,邵新庆,等.恢复生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:51-56.
[18]李媛媛,董世魁,李小艳,等.围栏封育对黄河源区退化高寒草地植被组成及生物量的影响[J].草地学报,2012,20(2):275-279.
[19]李慧.新疆山区草地生态系统植被恢复过程中生物多样性研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2006.