荒漠草原区家庭牧场退化草地恢复管理措施研究
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摘要
为探索荒漠草原区家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复治理措施,2014—2017年开展了对3户家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复管理措施试验。结果表明:补播措施和划破加补播措施明显提高了退化草地地上生物量、植被盖度及草群高度,对物种丰富度的影响不显著,补播措施地上生物量增加51.6%~58.4%,划破加补播处理地上生物量增加48.3%~48.9%;第3年,补播处理、划破加补播处理植被盖度较第1年的对照增加50.2%~70.8%,草群高度增加52.1%~69.8%;补播措施和划破加补播措施使杂草类在总生物量中的比例降低至10%左右,莎草类降低至14%左右。综合评价后,补播、划破加补播措施为当地家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复的有效管理措施;可以为荒漠草原区家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复治理提供技术支持。
To study the restoration management measures of degraded grassland in desert steppe area,degraded grassland restoration experiment of 3 family ranches was carried out from 2014 to 2017. The results showed that the after-culture treatment and ripping film + after-culture treatment significantly improved the aboveground biomass, vegetation coverage and grassland height of degraded grassland, there was no significant effect on species richness, after-culture treatment increased aboveground biomass by 51.6%-58.4%, and that of ripping film + after-culture treatment was 48.3%-48.9%. In the third year, the vegetation coverage of after-culture treatment and ripping film + after-culture treatment increased by 50.2%-70.8% compared with the first year, and grassland height increased by 52.1%-69.8%. After-culture treatment and ripping film + after-culture treatment reduced forb biomass to about 10%, and sedge biomass reduced to about 14%.Comprehensive evaluation showed that after-culture treatment and ripping film + after-culture treatment were the effective management measures for restoration of degraded grassland, and the study could provide technical support for the restoration of degraded grassland in the desert steppe area.
To study the restoration management measures of degraded grassland in desert steppe area,degraded grassland restoration experiment of 3 family ranches was carried out from 2014 to 2017. The results showed that the after-culture treatment and ripping film + after-culture treatment significantly improved the aboveground biomass, vegetation coverage and grassland height of degraded grassland, there was no significant effect on species richness, after-culture treatment increased aboveground biomass by 51.6%-58.4%, and that of ripping film + after-culture treatment was 48.3%-48.9%. In the third year, the vegetation coverage of after-culture treatment and ripping film + after-culture treatment increased by 50.2%-70.8% compared with the first year, and grassland height increased by 52.1%-69.8%. After-culture treatment and ripping film + after-culture treatment reduced forb biomass to about 10%, and sedge biomass reduced to about 14%.Comprehensive evaluation showed that after-culture treatment and ripping film + after-culture treatment were the effective management measures for restoration of degraded grassland, and the study could provide technical support for the restoration of degraded grassland in the desert steppe area.
引文
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[14]张永超,牛得草,韩潼,等.补播对高寒草甸生产力和植物多样性的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(2):305-309.
[15]宗宁,石培礼,蒋婧,等.浅耕对西藏高原退化草甸土壤和植物群落特征的影响[J].草业科学,2014,31(1):8-14.
[16]王向涛,张世虎,陈懂懂,等.不同放牧强度下高寒草甸植被特征和土壤养分变化研究[J].草地学报,2010,18(4):510-516.
[17]王红梅,谢应忠,王堃.不同人工草地小尺度土壤水分空间异质性特征研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(6):1053-1058.
[18]唐骏,党廷辉,李俊超,等.黄土区煤矿排土场重建草地土壤剖面有机碳变化特征[J].草地学报,2015,23(4):718-725.
[19]王长庭,王根绪,刘伟,等.施肥梯度对高寒草甸群落结构、功能和土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(10):3103-3113.
[20]肖玉,贾婷婷,赵旭,等.青藏高原腹地退化青藏苔草草原植物生态位的特征[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(1):30-37.
[21]阎子盟,张玉娟,潘利,等.天然草地补播豆科牧草的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(29):1-7.
[22]闫玉春,唐海萍,辛晓平,等.围封对草地的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):5039-5046.
[2]田福平,陈子萱.人为干扰对玛曲高寒退化草地的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(20):1-5.
[3]赵锦梅,高超,张德罡.祁连山东段不同退化高寒草甸土壤有机碳密度研究[J].草地学报,2010,18(1):21-25.
[4]Li M S.Ecological restoration of mineland with particular reference to the metalliferous mine wasteland in China:A review of research and practice[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,357(1-3):38.
[5]李治国,韩国栋,赵萌莉,等.家庭牧场研究现状及展望[J].草业学报,2015,24(1):158-167.
[6]尹燕亭,侯向阳,运向军,等.荒漠草原不同经济水平牧户草场植被和土壤养分特征比较[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(8):6-12.
[7]王吉云,李晓敏,宋跃斌,等.松土补播红豆草对昌吉市退化草地生产力的影响[J].现代农业科技,2011(15):338-340.
[8]陈子萱,田福平,武高林,等.补播禾草对玛曲高寒沙化草地各经济类群地上生物量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2011,33(4):56-59.
[9]曹子龙,郑翠玲,赵廷宁,等.补播改良措施对沙化草地植被恢复的作用[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):89-93.
[10]王庆华,姬万忠.天祝高寒退化草地补播恢复治理[J].草业科学,2015,32(4):606-611.
[11]刘延斌,张典业,张永超,等.不同管理措施下高寒退化草地恢复效果评估[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(24):268-275.
[12]祁亚淑,朱林,许兴.宁夏绿洲禾豆牧草混播组合及其比例效应[J].草业科学,2015,32(9):1464-1467.
[13]Hong J,Wang X,Wu J.Effects of soil fertility on the N:P stoichiometry of herbaceous plants on a nutrient-limited alpine steppe on the northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Plant and Soil,2015,391(1):179-194.
[14]张永超,牛得草,韩潼,等.补播对高寒草甸生产力和植物多样性的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(2):305-309.
[15]宗宁,石培礼,蒋婧,等.浅耕对西藏高原退化草甸土壤和植物群落特征的影响[J].草业科学,2014,31(1):8-14.
[16]王向涛,张世虎,陈懂懂,等.不同放牧强度下高寒草甸植被特征和土壤养分变化研究[J].草地学报,2010,18(4):510-516.
[17]王红梅,谢应忠,王堃.不同人工草地小尺度土壤水分空间异质性特征研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(6):1053-1058.
[18]唐骏,党廷辉,李俊超,等.黄土区煤矿排土场重建草地土壤剖面有机碳变化特征[J].草地学报,2015,23(4):718-725.
[19]王长庭,王根绪,刘伟,等.施肥梯度对高寒草甸群落结构、功能和土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(10):3103-3113.
[20]肖玉,贾婷婷,赵旭,等.青藏高原腹地退化青藏苔草草原植物生态位的特征[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(1):30-37.
[21]阎子盟,张玉娟,潘利,等.天然草地补播豆科牧草的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(29):1-7.
[22]闫玉春,唐海萍,辛晓平,等.围封对草地的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):5039-5046.