不同生育期水分胁迫对设施延后栽培葡萄土壤温度与果实品质的影响
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摘要
[目的]探讨河西荒漠绿洲区(以甘肃省张掖市为代表)水分调控下土壤温度的基本变化特征以及土壤温度与果实品质之间的联系,为设施延后栽培技术研究提供理论依据。[方法]将设施延后栽培葡萄分为5个生育期,在各个生育期设1个土壤含水率下限为田间持水率(θf)的55%的中度水分调控处理(GS,VS,FS,ES,CS),开展了上述设定条件下的研究。[结果](1)随着土层深度的增加,设施延后栽培葡萄土壤温度均表现为5cm>10cm>15cm>20cm>25cm。且在葡萄全生育期内各个土层土壤温度变化规律均为先升高后降低的趋势,水分胁迫不仅提高了该生育阶段的土壤温度同时对其下一生育阶段的土壤温度也具有十分重要的作用。(2)果穗质量和单粒重均GS处理最高,可溶性固形物FS处理最高,总糖含量CS处理最多,可滴定酸含量CS最低。[结论]设施延后栽培葡萄土壤温度受环境影响明显,在白天土壤温度是由表层向深层传递,且水分胁迫具有增加土壤温度的作用。要提高葡萄甜度同时降低酸度,增加成熟度需在生育后期即果实膨大期以及着色成熟期适当程度的提高土壤温度。
[Objective]The effects of moisture in Hexi desert oasis area(taking Zhangye City in Gansu Province as the representative)on soil temperature was demonstrated and the association between soil temperature and fruit quality was explored to provide theoretical basis for facility delayed cultivation technology research.[Methods]Five growth stages(GS,PS,FS,ES,CS)were recognized for the cultivation of faculty-delayed grapes.In each growth period,a moderate moisture treatment(the lowest of soil moisture was about 55% of the soil field capacity).[Results](1)Soil temperatures of different layers ranked as 5cm >10cm >15cm> 20 cm >25cm.During the whole growth period of grape,the soil temperature in each soil layer increased first and then decreased.Water stress at certain growth stage not only improved soil temperature,but also played an important postponed role in soil temperature to the next growth stage.(2)GS treatment had the highest ear quality and greatest single grain weight;FS treatment had the highest soluble solids content;the total sugar content of CS treatment was the most;titratable acid content was lowest in CS.[Conclusion]Soiltemperature of the grape was significantly affected by environment during the delayed cultivation.Soil heat was transferred from the surface layer to the deep layer during the daytime,and hence water stress can increase soil temperature.In order to increase the sweetness of the grapes,to reduce the acidity and to increase the maturity,soil temperature should be increased in the late growth stages.They are the fruit swelling stage and the coloring mature stage.
[Objective]The effects of moisture in Hexi desert oasis area(taking Zhangye City in Gansu Province as the representative)on soil temperature was demonstrated and the association between soil temperature and fruit quality was explored to provide theoretical basis for facility delayed cultivation technology research.[Methods]Five growth stages(GS,PS,FS,ES,CS)were recognized for the cultivation of faculty-delayed grapes.In each growth period,a moderate moisture treatment(the lowest of soil moisture was about 55% of the soil field capacity).[Results](1)Soil temperatures of different layers ranked as 5cm >10cm >15cm> 20 cm >25cm.During the whole growth period of grape,the soil temperature in each soil layer increased first and then decreased.Water stress at certain growth stage not only improved soil temperature,but also played an important postponed role in soil temperature to the next growth stage.(2)GS treatment had the highest ear quality and greatest single grain weight;FS treatment had the highest soluble solids content;the total sugar content of CS treatment was the most;titratable acid content was lowest in CS.[Conclusion]Soiltemperature of the grape was significantly affected by environment during the delayed cultivation.Soil heat was transferred from the surface layer to the deep layer during the daytime,and hence water stress can increase soil temperature.In order to increase the sweetness of the grapes,to reduce the acidity and to increase the maturity,soil temperature should be increased in the late growth stages.They are the fruit swelling stage and the coloring mature stage.
引文
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[14]常丽娜,张林华.日光温室空气温度与土壤温度的相关性分析[J].山东建筑大学学报,2010,25(6):595-598,618.
[15]塔娜,五十六,马文娟,等.不同含水率下日光温室土壤温度变化规律的峰拟合法拟合[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):204-210.
[16]佟国红,李保明,David M C,等.用CFD方法模拟日光温室温度环境初探[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(7):178-185.
[17]揣峻峰,谢永生,索改弟,等.地膜与秸秆双重覆盖对渭北苹果园土壤水分及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(3):26-30.
[18]滑磊.果树生长与土壤条件的关系[J].河北果树,2016(3):3,5.
[19]陈军.果树生长与土壤条件的关系探析[J].现代农业科技,2010(9):155-156.
[20]卫新东,贺军奇,汪有科.控水条件下桃树地土壤温度变化特征研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(6):7-9,13.
[21]朱云娜,王中华,张治平,等.金雀异黄素和环鸟苷酸调控离体葡萄果实花青苷积累[J].园艺学报,2010,37(4):517-524.
[22]孙建设,马宝焜,章文才.富士苹果果皮色泽形成的需光特性研究[J].园艺学报,2000,27(3):213-215.
[23]何钊全,成自勇,张芮,等.灌水控制上限对酿造葡萄地积温和生长特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(6):32-37,99.
[24]陈奇恩,南殿杰.耕层土壤积温与棉花生育关系研究初报[J].土壤学报,1983,20(1):92-96.
[2]付强,马梓奡,李天霄,等.北方高寒区不同覆盖条件下土壤温度差异性分析[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(12):152-159.
[3]贾志红,易建华,孙在军.不同覆盖物对烤烟根温及生长和生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(11):2075-2078.
[4]秦红灵,高旺盛,李春阳.北方农牧交错带免耕对农田根层土壤温度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(1):40-47.
[5]康绍忠.土壤—植物—大气连续体水热动态模拟的研究[J].生态学报,1991,11(3):256-260.
[6]王风,宋春雨,韩晓增.东北黑土区土壤温度变化特征[J].黑龙江农业科学,2006(6):31-33.
[7]陈继康,李素娟,张宇,等.不同耕作方式麦田土壤温度及其气温的响应特征:土壤温度日变化及其对温度的响应[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(6):2592-2600.
[8]杜尧东,刘锦銮,何健.广州地区蔬菜田土壤温度变化特征预报模型研究[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(9):1021-1024.
[9]Cookson W R,Cornforth I S,Rowarth J S.Winter soil temperature(2~15℃)effects on nitrogen transformations in clover green manure amendend or unamended soils:A laboratory and field study[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(10):1401-1415.
[10]Andersson S,Ingvar Nilsson S.Influence of pH and temperature on microbial activity,substrate availability of soil-solution bacteria and leaching of dissolved organic carbon in a mor humus[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2001,33(9):1181-1191.
[11]Bekku Y S,Nakatsubo T,Kume A,et al.Effect of warming on the temperature dependence of soil respiration rate in arctic temperature and tropical soils[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2003,22(3):205-210.
[12]林兴军.不同水肥对日光温室番茄品质和抗氧化系统及土壤环境的影响[D].北京:中国科学院,2011.
[13]Mihalakakou G.On estimating soil surface temperature profiles[J].Energy and Buildings,2002,34(3):251-259.
[14]常丽娜,张林华.日光温室空气温度与土壤温度的相关性分析[J].山东建筑大学学报,2010,25(6):595-598,618.
[15]塔娜,五十六,马文娟,等.不同含水率下日光温室土壤温度变化规律的峰拟合法拟合[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):204-210.
[16]佟国红,李保明,David M C,等.用CFD方法模拟日光温室温度环境初探[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(7):178-185.
[17]揣峻峰,谢永生,索改弟,等.地膜与秸秆双重覆盖对渭北苹果园土壤水分及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(3):26-30.
[18]滑磊.果树生长与土壤条件的关系[J].河北果树,2016(3):3,5.
[19]陈军.果树生长与土壤条件的关系探析[J].现代农业科技,2010(9):155-156.
[20]卫新东,贺军奇,汪有科.控水条件下桃树地土壤温度变化特征研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(6):7-9,13.
[21]朱云娜,王中华,张治平,等.金雀异黄素和环鸟苷酸调控离体葡萄果实花青苷积累[J].园艺学报,2010,37(4):517-524.
[22]孙建设,马宝焜,章文才.富士苹果果皮色泽形成的需光特性研究[J].园艺学报,2000,27(3):213-215.
[23]何钊全,成自勇,张芮,等.灌水控制上限对酿造葡萄地积温和生长特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(6):32-37,99.
[24]陈奇恩,南殿杰.耕层土壤积温与棉花生育关系研究初报[J].土壤学报,1983,20(1):92-96.