“文艺”如何“复兴”:“诗性”文本的没落与重建
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摘要
将中国的新文化运动类比为欧洲的"文艺复兴",目的在借助"语言"为突破口,通过"文言"向"白话"的"换形",为现代中国寻找到能够与之相对应的"言说/书写"的总体性"形式"。但基于汉语文学自身悠久的"抒情"传统,以"诗"为正统本位的"文体形制"已经无法"赋予"与"现代"的"叙事"世界相对应的"心灵形式"了。"白话新诗"的尝试既未能延续汉语文学的"诗"的传统,也未能成功地移植域外"现代诗"之召唤真理的特定功能,由此导致了汉语文学"诗性"的没落。而在另一方面,出于晚明小品文和欧洲絮语散文的启发,白话的"美文"反而为现代文学寻找到了一条可行的"赋形"路径,汉语文学自身的"诗性"传统也因此得以"再生"和"重建"。
To compare China's New Cultural Movement to Europe's Renaissance aims at finding a totalizing Chinese form of "speech/writing" that may be equivalent to the western counterpart, and the way to achieve it is to build on the transformation of language from classical Chinese to vernacular as a breakthrough. However, the long-established "lyrical" tradition in Chinese literature and the genre system which orthodoxizes poetry have no capacityto endow a spiritual form that can correspond to the narrative of the modern. The Vernacular Poetry fails to extend the tradition of poeticization in Chinese literature and to appropriate the specific truth-pursuing function in foreign modern poetry, which leads to the eventual decline of the poeticness of Chinese literature. On the other hand, the vernacular belles-lettres, inspired by the late Ming Dynasty essays and European essays, provides a feasible path to "con-formation" for modern literature, with whichthe "poetic" tradition of Chinese literature has been renewed and reconstructed.
To compare China's New Cultural Movement to Europe's Renaissance aims at finding a totalizing Chinese form of "speech/writing" that may be equivalent to the western counterpart, and the way to achieve it is to build on the transformation of language from classical Chinese to vernacular as a breakthrough. However, the long-established "lyrical" tradition in Chinese literature and the genre system which orthodoxizes poetry have no capacityto endow a spiritual form that can correspond to the narrative of the modern. The Vernacular Poetry fails to extend the tradition of poeticization in Chinese literature and to appropriate the specific truth-pursuing function in foreign modern poetry, which leads to the eventual decline of the poeticness of Chinese literature. On the other hand, the vernacular belles-lettres, inspired by the late Ming Dynasty essays and European essays, provides a feasible path to "con-formation" for modern literature, with whichthe "poetic" tradition of Chinese literature has been renewed and reconstructed.
引文
胡适:《中国的文艺复兴》。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2000年。[Hu,Shi.The Chinese Renaissance.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.]
罗志田:《裂变中的传承:20世纪前期的中国文化》。北京:中华书局,2003年。[Luo,Zhitian.Heritage in Fission:Chinese Culture in the Early 20th Century.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2003.]
王国维:《王国维文集》(第一卷)。北京:中国文史出版社,1997年。[Wang,Guowei.The Collected Works of Wang Guowei.Vol 1.Beijing:Chinese Cultural and Historical Press,1997.]
周作人:《周作人文类编》。长沙:湖南文艺出版社,1998年。[Zhou,Zuoren.Classified Works of Zhou Zuoren.Changsha:Hunan Literature and Art Press,1998.]
① 包括1935年1月15日在广西武鸣对初中军训大队武鸣中学南宁区民团干训学员指挥部全体官兵的题为《中国的再生运动》的演讲,1935年1月4日在香港大学所作的题为《中国文艺复兴》的演讲,以及1958年5月4日在台北中国文艺协会作的题为《中国文艺复兴运动》的报告等。
② 1920年北京大学曾由沈兼士和周作人主持成立了“歌谣研究会”,以专门征集和整理全国范围内的各式歌谣民曲。
③ 胡适在其独幕剧《终身大事》里就“嵌入”了“铅笔”和“汽车”等元素,而“铅笔”和“汽车”在当时的北平尚属罕见之物,胡适实际上是把他自己的“美国”经验带入了“现代中国”的想象之中。
罗志田:《裂变中的传承:20世纪前期的中国文化》。北京:中华书局,2003年。[Luo,Zhitian.Heritage in Fission:Chinese Culture in the Early 20th Century.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2003.]
王国维:《王国维文集》(第一卷)。北京:中国文史出版社,1997年。[Wang,Guowei.The Collected Works of Wang Guowei.Vol 1.Beijing:Chinese Cultural and Historical Press,1997.]
周作人:《周作人文类编》。长沙:湖南文艺出版社,1998年。[Zhou,Zuoren.Classified Works of Zhou Zuoren.Changsha:Hunan Literature and Art Press,1998.]
① 包括1935年1月15日在广西武鸣对初中军训大队武鸣中学南宁区民团干训学员指挥部全体官兵的题为《中国的再生运动》的演讲,1935年1月4日在香港大学所作的题为《中国文艺复兴》的演讲,以及1958年5月4日在台北中国文艺协会作的题为《中国文艺复兴运动》的报告等。
② 1920年北京大学曾由沈兼士和周作人主持成立了“歌谣研究会”,以专门征集和整理全国范围内的各式歌谣民曲。
③ 胡适在其独幕剧《终身大事》里就“嵌入”了“铅笔”和“汽车”等元素,而“铅笔”和“汽车”在当时的北平尚属罕见之物,胡适实际上是把他自己的“美国”经验带入了“现代中国”的想象之中。