采收成熟度对桃溪蜜柚贮藏品质及抗氧化性的影响
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摘要
为选择适宜桃溪蜜柚长期贮藏的采收成熟度,以花后178、192和208 d(采收期Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ)的果实为对象,比较了贮藏180 d内果实品质变化。结果表明,采收期Ⅲ失重率低于其他2个时期,出汁率则高于其他2个时期;采收期Ⅰ和Ⅲ的腐烂率低于采收期Ⅱ;采收期Ⅲ的果实亮度最高,但色差指数低于Ⅱ和Ⅰ;可食率三者无差别。采收期Ⅲ的总糖含量高于采收期Ⅰ和Ⅱ;采收期Ⅱ和Ⅲ的可固含量高于采收期Ⅰ;除30 d外采收期Ⅲ的可滴定酸含量最低。固酸比:采收期Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ。贮藏60～90 d采收期Ⅱ和Ⅲ的VC含量较高。贮藏120 d时,采收期Ⅲ的SOD活性高于采收期Ⅰ和Ⅱ;采收期Ⅰ和Ⅲ的PPO活性高于采收期Ⅱ;采收期Ⅱ的MDA含量最高。总之,花后208 d采收且贮藏120 d内上市可维持较好的外观及风味品质。
In order to select the optimum harvest maturity for long-term storage of Taoxi pomelo,fruits were collected after 178 d,192 d and 208 d of anthesis,which were harvest period I,II and III,respectively. The fruit quality was compared during 180 d storage. The results showed that the weight loss rate of fruits harvested during period III was lower than others,while the juice yield had opposite results. Moreover,the rot rates of fruits harvested during period I and III were lower than that of period II. Besides,fruits harvested during period III had the highest lightness but lowest citrus color index. No differences were observed among fruits harvested during three periods regarding their edible rates. Furthermore,the total sugar content of fruits harvested during period III was higher,and the total soluble solids contents of fruits harvested during period II and III were higher than that during period I. Additionally,stage III fruits had the lowest titratable acids contents( except on day 30) and had the highest ratio of sugar to acid. The VC content in fruits harvested during period II and III were higher when stored for 60-90 d,and the SOD activity of stage III fruits was significantly higher on day 120. In addition,the POD activity was higher in stage I and III fruits.In conclusion,fruits harvested on 208 d after anthesis and marketed within 120 d of storage would have attractive appearance and acceptable flavor.
In order to select the optimum harvest maturity for long-term storage of Taoxi pomelo,fruits were collected after 178 d,192 d and 208 d of anthesis,which were harvest period I,II and III,respectively. The fruit quality was compared during 180 d storage. The results showed that the weight loss rate of fruits harvested during period III was lower than others,while the juice yield had opposite results. Moreover,the rot rates of fruits harvested during period I and III were lower than that of period II. Besides,fruits harvested during period III had the highest lightness but lowest citrus color index. No differences were observed among fruits harvested during three periods regarding their edible rates. Furthermore,the total sugar content of fruits harvested during period III was higher,and the total soluble solids contents of fruits harvested during period II and III were higher than that during period I. Additionally,stage III fruits had the lowest titratable acids contents( except on day 30) and had the highest ratio of sugar to acid. The VC content in fruits harvested during period II and III were higher when stored for 60-90 d,and the SOD activity of stage III fruits was significantly higher on day 120. In addition,the POD activity was higher in stage I and III fruits.In conclusion,fruits harvested on 208 d after anthesis and marketed within 120 d of storage would have attractive appearance and acceptable flavor.
引文
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[22]马朝玲,毕阳,张忠,等.‘香水梨’和‘嘉宝梨’后熟期间呼吸强度及品质指标的变化及其比较[J].食品科学,2016,37(16):299-303.
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[24]刁俊明,李娘辉,陈大清.不同采收期对沙田柚采后品质的影响[J].湖北农学院学报,1998(3):234-237.
[25]沈虹.琯溪蜜柚采收期与贮藏期对汁胞粒化症的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2018.
[26]林燕金,林旗华,姜翠翠,等.套袋对‘黄金蜜柚’果实贮藏品质的影响[J].福建农业学报,2014,29(9):870-873.
[27]郜海燕,陈杭君,陈文烜,等.采收成熟度对冷藏水蜜桃果实品质和冷害的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):612-618.
[28]王俊宁,邓科禹,李润唐,等.采收期对火龙果贮藏期间活性氧代谢的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(7):4 063-4 065.
[29]段宇,张萌萌,曲文颖,等.不同采收期对蓝莓抗氧化物质的影响[J].中国林副特产,2013(2):7-9.
[2]卿尚模,陈克玲,曾杰梅,等.不同采摘期对不知火桔橙果实贮藏性及品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2010,39(2):15-18.
[3]陈楚英,陈明,郭娟华,等.两个采收期的新余蜜桔贮藏特性及品质研究[J].中国南方果树,2013,42(1):43-48.
[4]刘仪英,谭峰,魏召新,等.徐家白柚适宜采收期及果实耐贮性研究[J].中国南方果树,2016,45(4):55-56.
[5] GONZLEZ-MOLINA E, MORENO D A, GARCíAVIGUERA C. Genotype and harvest time influence the phytochemical quality of Fino lemon juice(Citrus limon(L.)Burm. F.)for industrial use[J]. J Agric Food Chem,2008,56(5):1 669-1 675.
[6] PAILLY O,TISON G,AMOUROUX A. Harvest time and storage conditions of‘Star Ruby’grapefruit(Citrus paradisi Macf.)for short distance summer consumption[J].Postharvest Biology&Technology,2004,34(1):65-73.
[7] MACHADO F L D C,COSTA J D P D,TEIXEIRA A D S,et al. The influence of rootstock and time of harvest on the fruit quality during storage of in two grapefruit cultivars[J]. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy,2015,37(3):339.
[8]YSIAK G. The influence of harvest maturity and basic macroelement content in fruit on the incidence of diseases and disorders after storage of the'Ligol'apple cultivar[J].Folia Horticulturae,2013,25(1):31-39.
[9]贾晓辉,王文辉,姜云斌,等.采收成熟度对‘玉露香’梨果实品质和耐贮性的影响[J].果树学报,2016(5):594-603.
[10]雷琳,阚茗铭,叶发银,等.采收成熟度对甘蓝营养成分的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2017,43(11):101-106.
[11]徐康.采收期对黄秋葵果实品质及风味物质的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2015,41(4):207-211.
[12]陈学红,濮杨,周秋阳.不同采收期绿芦笋品质的综合评价[J].食品与发酵工业,2017,43(1):225-230.
[13]朱通,徐俐,刘涵玉,等.采收成熟度对刺梨果实贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35(22):330-335.
[14]韩雅珊.食品化学实验指导[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1992.
[15]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[16]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007.
[17]张文英.不同采收期和贮藏方式对金红苹果贮藏品质的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2007.
[18]王俊宁,邓科禹,李润唐,等.采收期对火龙果果实品质及贮藏特性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(4):170-173.
[19]王志华,姜云斌,王文辉,等.采收成熟度对酥梨常温贮藏品质及保鲜效果的影响[J].保鲜与加工,2015(1):9-15.
[20]王志华,王文辉,佟伟,等.不同采收期对红香酥梨冷藏后货架期果实品质的影响[J].保鲜与加工,2015(6):17-22.
[21]杨晓龙,王文辉,王志华,等.五种秋子梨果实采后品质变化及生理差异研究[J].保鲜与加工,2017(3):26-31.
[22]马朝玲,毕阳,张忠,等.‘香水梨’和‘嘉宝梨’后熟期间呼吸强度及品质指标的变化及其比较[J].食品科学,2016,37(16):299-303.
[23]吴宝玉.不同采收期和贮藏方式的瓯柑品质变化研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[24]刁俊明,李娘辉,陈大清.不同采收期对沙田柚采后品质的影响[J].湖北农学院学报,1998(3):234-237.
[25]沈虹.琯溪蜜柚采收期与贮藏期对汁胞粒化症的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2018.
[26]林燕金,林旗华,姜翠翠,等.套袋对‘黄金蜜柚’果实贮藏品质的影响[J].福建农业学报,2014,29(9):870-873.
[27]郜海燕,陈杭君,陈文烜,等.采收成熟度对冷藏水蜜桃果实品质和冷害的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):612-618.
[28]王俊宁,邓科禹,李润唐,等.采收期对火龙果贮藏期间活性氧代谢的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(7):4 063-4 065.
[29]段宇,张萌萌,曲文颖,等.不同采收期对蓝莓抗氧化物质的影响[J].中国林副特产,2013(2):7-9.