艾比湖湿地盐节木土壤固氮微生物群落结构和丰度的环境异质性特点
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摘要
【背景】新疆艾比湖湿地国家自然保护区作为国内最典型的温带干旱区湿地荒漠生态系统,对于富集生物多样性、平衡生态环境等方面存在着非凡的意义。目前关于艾比湖湿地根际与非根际土壤固氮微生物群落结构和丰度的相关研究还未见报道。【目的】通过分析新疆艾比湖湿地盐节木根际和非根际土壤固氮菌nifH基因的群落结构和丰度的环境异质性特点,及探讨微生物群落对国内极端干旱区脆弱敏感的艾比湖湿地生态系统循环过程中的作用,为改善荒漠化的艾比湖湿地环境提供理论依据。【方法】采用构建克隆文库和q-PCR的方法,并利用冗余分析法(Redundant analysis,RDA)探究土壤理化性质与固氮微生物群落结构及丰度的相关性。【结果】艾比湖湿地盐节木非根际土壤中nifH的多样性高于根际土壤,盐节木根际土壤的nifH序列优势种属主要为固氮根瘤菌属(Azorhizobium)和脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio);非根际土壤的nifH序列优势种属主要是固氮弧菌属(Azoarcus)、太阳杆菌属(Heliobacteriummodesticaldum)和脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)。盐节木根际土壤nifH数量为4.08×104copies/g,盐节木非根际土壤中nifH的数量为5.52×103copies/g,根际土壤nifH的丰度高于非根际土壤。相关性分析显示,根际土壤的优势类群和丰度与硝态氮(NO3--N)、速效氮、总钾、含水量等因子显著相关,非根际土壤的优势类群和丰度与硝态氮(NO3--N)、速效氮、总磷、总钾、总氮呈显著相关。【结论】在盐节木根际土壤中nifH的丰度高于非根际土壤,而多样性则低于非根际土壤,而且硝态氮(NO3--N)、速效氮、总磷可能会影响固氮微生物的群落结构和丰度,这些特点为湖泊湿地的退化恢复提供理论和数据基础。
[Background] The Ebinur Lake wetland national nature reserve in Xinjiang is one of the most representative temperate arid regions wetland desert ecosystems in China, and plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance. At present, there has not been any report on the structure and abundance of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil at Ebinur Lake wetland. [Objective] To explore the characteristics of environmental heterogeneity of community structure and abundance of nitrogen fixation gene(nifH) in the soil rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil nitrogen-fixing microbial of Halocnemum strobilaceum in Ebinur Lake wetland in Xinjiang. Based on this,the potential forces of the microbial communities in the desertification and continuous salinization of the Ebinur Lake wetland ecosystem in the temperate arid regions are explored, providing the theoretical and data basis for the degradation and restoration of lake wetlands. [Methods] The correlations among soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure and microbe abundance were investigated by using the methods of constructing clone library, q-PCR and redundant analysis(RDA). [Results] The results showed that the diversity of nifH gene in non-rhizosphere soil were higher than that in rhizosphere soil. The dominant species of nifH sequence were Azorhizobium and Desulfovibrio in the rhizosphere soil,Azoarcus, Heliobacterium modesticaldum and Desulfovibrio in non-rhizosphere soil. The number of nifH gene was 4.08×104 copies/g in rhizosphere soil and 5.52×103 copies/g in non-rhizosphere soil. The abundance of nifH in rhizosphere soil is higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil. Correlation analysis showed that the dominant groups and abundance of containing nifH bacteria in rhizosphere soil were significantly related with nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N), available nitrogen(AN), total potassium(TK), soil moisture(SM) and other factors, and with nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N), available nitrogen(AN), total phosphorus(TP), total potassium(TK) and total nitrogen(TN) in non-rhizosphere soil. [Conclusion]These results indicated that the abundance of nifH bacteria in rhizosphere soil was higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil, while the diversity was lower than that in non-rhizosphere soil. Nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N), available nitrogen(AN), total phosphorus(TP) may affect the community structure and abundance of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. These characteristics provide the theoretical and data basis for the degradation and restoration of lake wetlands.
[Background] The Ebinur Lake wetland national nature reserve in Xinjiang is one of the most representative temperate arid regions wetland desert ecosystems in China, and plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance. At present, there has not been any report on the structure and abundance of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil at Ebinur Lake wetland. [Objective] To explore the characteristics of environmental heterogeneity of community structure and abundance of nitrogen fixation gene(nifH) in the soil rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil nitrogen-fixing microbial of Halocnemum strobilaceum in Ebinur Lake wetland in Xinjiang. Based on this,the potential forces of the microbial communities in the desertification and continuous salinization of the Ebinur Lake wetland ecosystem in the temperate arid regions are explored, providing the theoretical and data basis for the degradation and restoration of lake wetlands. [Methods] The correlations among soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure and microbe abundance were investigated by using the methods of constructing clone library, q-PCR and redundant analysis(RDA). [Results] The results showed that the diversity of nifH gene in non-rhizosphere soil were higher than that in rhizosphere soil. The dominant species of nifH sequence were Azorhizobium and Desulfovibrio in the rhizosphere soil,Azoarcus, Heliobacterium modesticaldum and Desulfovibrio in non-rhizosphere soil. The number of nifH gene was 4.08×104 copies/g in rhizosphere soil and 5.52×103 copies/g in non-rhizosphere soil. The abundance of nifH in rhizosphere soil is higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil. Correlation analysis showed that the dominant groups and abundance of containing nifH bacteria in rhizosphere soil were significantly related with nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N), available nitrogen(AN), total potassium(TK), soil moisture(SM) and other factors, and with nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N), available nitrogen(AN), total phosphorus(TP), total potassium(TK) and total nitrogen(TN) in non-rhizosphere soil. [Conclusion]These results indicated that the abundance of nifH bacteria in rhizosphere soil was higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil, while the diversity was lower than that in non-rhizosphere soil. Nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N), available nitrogen(AN), total phosphorus(TP) may affect the community structure and abundance of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. These characteristics provide the theoretical and data basis for the degradation and restoration of lake wetlands.
引文
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[2]Terakado-Tonooka J,Ohwaki Y,Yamakawa H,et al.Expressed nifH genes of endophytic bacteria detected in field-grown sweet potatoes(Ipomoea batatas L.)[J].Microbes and Environments,2008,23(1):89-93
[3]Tan ZY,Peng GX,Xu PZ,et al.Diversity and high nitrogenase activity of endophytic diazotrophs from Oryza rufipogon[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(13):1885-1893(in Chinese)谭志远,彭桂香,徐培智,等.普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon)内生固氮菌多样性及高固氮酶活性[J].科学通报,2009,54(13):1885-1893
[4]Wendu RL,Li G,Yang DL,et al.nifH gene diversity and community structure of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Hulunbeier grassland,Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(4):790-797(in Chinese)文都日乐,李刚,杨殿林,等.呼伦贝尔草原土壤固氮微生物nifH基因多样性与群落结构[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(4):790-797
[5]Mirza BC,Potisap C,Nüsslein K,et al.Response of free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to land use change in the Amazon rainforest[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2014,80(1):281-288
[6]Kang WL,Tai XS,Li SW,et al.Research on the number of nitrogen-fixing microorganism and community structure of nitrogen-fixing(nifH)genes in the alkali soils of alpine steppe in the Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(1):208-216(in Chinese)康文龙,台喜生,李师翁,等.祁连山高寒草原碱性土壤固氮微生物数量及固氮基因(nifH)群落结构研究[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(1):208-216
[7]Zehr JP,Jenkins BD,Short SM,et al.Nitrogenase gene diversity and microbial community structure:a cross-system comparison[J].Environmental Microbiology,2003,5(7):539-554
[8]He Y,Hu WG,Ma DC,et al.Diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in relation to soil environment in rhizosphere soil of Halocnemum strobilaceum in Ebinur Lake wetland.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(5):1967-1975(in Chinese)何园,胡文革,马得草,等.艾比湖湿地盐节木根际土壤氨氧化微生物多样性和丰度及其与环境因子的相关性分析[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(5):1967-1975(in Chinese)
[9]Leng ZX,Ge LM,Nurbey,et al.The evaluation on Aiby lake wetland and its restoration[J].Journal of XinJiang Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2006,25(2):64-67(in Chinese)冷中笑,格丽玛,努尔巴依,等.新疆艾比湖湿地评价及生态恢复对策的研究[J].新疆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006,25(2):64-67
[10]Qu XX,Huang ZY,Baskin JM,et al.Effect of temperature,light and salinity on seed germination and radicle growth of the geographically widespread halophyte shrub Halocnemum strobilaceum[J].Annals of Botany,2008,101(2):293-299
[11]Yang D,Hu WG,Chen DW,et al.Correlation analysis between nitrogen-fixing bacteria number and organic matter,microbial biomass C,N in different soil depth and seasons of Ebinur Lake wetland[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2013,26(6):2417-2421(in Chinese)杨迪,胡文革,陈登稳,等.艾比湖湿地固氮菌数量与有机碳、微生物生物量C、N在时空分布上的相关性研究[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(6):2417-2421
[12]Garbeva P,van Elsas JD,van Veen JA.Rhizosphere microbial community and its response to plant species and soil history[J].Plant and Soil,2008,302(1/2):19-32
[13]Xie H,Yu ET,Kong QY,et al.Study on the halophytes in Aibi Lake wetland nature reserve[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2009,23(3):176-180(in Chinese)谢辉,于恩涛,孔琼英,等.艾比湖湿地盐生植物区系研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(3):176-180
[14]Lu RK.Methods of Soil and Agro-Chemical Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000(in Chinese)鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000
[15]R?sch C,Mergel A,Bothe H.Biodiversity of denitrifying and dinitrogen-fixing bacteria in an acid forest soil[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2002,68(8):3818-3829
[16]Okano Y,Hristova KR,Leutenegger CM,et al.Application of real-time PCR to study effects of ammonium on population size of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in soil[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(2):1008-1016
[17]Dick LK,Field KG.Rapid estimation of numbers of fecal Bacteroidetes by use of a quantitative PCR assay for 16S rRNAgenes[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(9):5695-5697
[18]Shu T.Study on the community structure and abundance of functional bacteria involved in nitrogen cycling of the rhizosphere in emergent plants[D].Wuhan:Master’s Thesis of Central China Normal University,2015(in Chinese)舒潼.挺水植物根际细菌群落结构及氮循环相关功能细菌丰度研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2015
[19]Zhang YG,Wang HM,Li DQ,et al.The community and structure of nitrogen-fixing microorganism in Sanjiangyuan Natural Reserve[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2005,45(3):420-425(in Chinese)张于光,王慧敏,李迪强,等.三江源地区不同植被土壤固氮微生物的群落结构研究[J].微生物学报,2005,45(3):420-425
[20]Li G,Wang LJ,Li YJ,et al.Effects of different vegetation restoration patterns on the diversity of soil nitrogen-fixing microbes in Hulunbeier sandy land,Inner Mongolia of North China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(6):1639-1646(in Chinese)李刚,王丽娟,李玉洁,等.呼伦贝尔沙地不同植被恢复模式对土壤固氮微生物多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1639-1646
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