木质素基活性炭对Pb(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能研究
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摘要
以造纸黒液中提取的木质素为原料,磷酸作活化剂,使用管式炉制备活性炭,研究其对水中Pb(Ⅱ)离子的吸附特性。通过单因素实验得到制备活性炭的最佳工况为:活化温度600℃,活化时间90 min,浸渍比(磷酸:木质素)1.5∶1。最佳工况下活性炭的总比表面积达到1 593.7 m2/g,总孔容达到0.91 cm3/g,具有较低的等电位点(3.5),含有丰富的羟基、羧基等含氧官能团。分析吸附时间、溶液p H值、活性炭投加量及Pb(Ⅱ)离子初始浓度对木质素基活性炭吸附重金属Pb(Ⅱ)离子的影响,结果表明:木质素基活性炭对Pb(Ⅱ)离子的吸附平衡时间为90min;p H值对吸附效果影响较大,随p H值增大Pb(Ⅱ)离子的吸附量和去除率都增大,p H在5.0~6.0范围时,木质素基活性炭对Pb(Ⅱ)离子具有良好的吸附性能;随着活性炭投加量的升高对Pb(Ⅱ)离子的吸附量降低,但去除率增加;随着初始浓度的增加,Pb(Ⅱ)离子吸附量增加,但去除率降低。
Lignin extracted from papermaking black liquor was employed as the raw material to prepare activated carbon with the assistance of phosphoric acid as activation under a tube furnace. The adsorption performance of Pb( Ⅱ) ions onto as-prepared lignin-based activated carbon was investigated. Activation temperature 600 ℃,activation time 90 min and impregnation ratio( phosphoric acid: lignin) 1. 5: 1 were found to be the optimum conditions to prepare activated carbon in terms of single factor experiment. The total specific surface area of the activated carbon reached 1 593. 7 m2/g,and the total pore volume reached 0. 91 cm3/g. The activated carbon had a lower isoelectric point( 3. 5),and was rich in oxygencontaining functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Also,the influences of adsorption conditions including adsorption time,solution p H,activated carbon dasage and initial Pb( Ⅱ) ions concentration on the adsorption of Pb( Ⅱ) ions onto activated carbon were studied. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium time of Pb( Ⅱ) ion for lignin-based activated carbon is 90 min. The p H has great influence on the adsorption effect. With the increase of p H,the adsorption and removal rate of Pb( Ⅱ) ions increase. With p H = 5. 0 to 6. 0,the lignin-based activated carbon has good adsorption capacity for Pb( Ⅱ) ions. The adsorption amount of Pb( Ⅱ) ions decreases with the increase in the amount of activated carbon,but the removal rate increases. As the initial concentration increases,the adsorption of Pb( Ⅱ) ions increases,but the removal rate decreases.
Lignin extracted from papermaking black liquor was employed as the raw material to prepare activated carbon with the assistance of phosphoric acid as activation under a tube furnace. The adsorption performance of Pb( Ⅱ) ions onto as-prepared lignin-based activated carbon was investigated. Activation temperature 600 ℃,activation time 90 min and impregnation ratio( phosphoric acid: lignin) 1. 5: 1 were found to be the optimum conditions to prepare activated carbon in terms of single factor experiment. The total specific surface area of the activated carbon reached 1 593. 7 m2/g,and the total pore volume reached 0. 91 cm3/g. The activated carbon had a lower isoelectric point( 3. 5),and was rich in oxygencontaining functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Also,the influences of adsorption conditions including adsorption time,solution p H,activated carbon dasage and initial Pb( Ⅱ) ions concentration on the adsorption of Pb( Ⅱ) ions onto activated carbon were studied. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium time of Pb( Ⅱ) ion for lignin-based activated carbon is 90 min. The p H has great influence on the adsorption effect. With the increase of p H,the adsorption and removal rate of Pb( Ⅱ) ions increase. With p H = 5. 0 to 6. 0,the lignin-based activated carbon has good adsorption capacity for Pb( Ⅱ) ions. The adsorption amount of Pb( Ⅱ) ions decreases with the increase in the amount of activated carbon,but the removal rate increases. As the initial concentration increases,the adsorption of Pb( Ⅱ) ions increases,but the removal rate decreases.
引文
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[3]李理,张润虎,贾黎春,et al.紫茎泽兰制备活性炭对铅离子的吸附性能研究[J].环境工程,2013(s1):120-123.LI Li,ZHANG Run-hu,JIA Li-Chun,at al.Study on the adsorption of lead ion on activated carbon prepared from eupatorium adenophorum[J].Environmental Engineering,2013(s1):120-123.
[4]李子龙,马双枫,王栋,et al.活性炭吸附水中金属离子和有机物吸附模式和机理的研究[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(10):88-92.LI Zi-long,MA Shuang-feng,WHANG Dong,et al.Study on adsorption modes and mechanisms of adsorption of metal ions and organics on activated carbon[J].Environmental Science and Management,2009,34(10):88-92.
[5]ZHU G-z,DENG X-l,HOU M,et al.Comparative study on characterization and adsorption properties of activated carbons by phosphoric acid activation from corncob and its acid and alkaline hydrolysis residues[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2016,144:255-261.
[6]MYGLOVETS M,PODDUBNAYA O I,SEVASTYANOVA O,et al.Preparation of carbon adsorbents from lignosulfonate by phosphoric acid activation for the adsorption of metal ions[J].Carbon,2014,80:771-783.
[7]MOLINA-SABIO M,ALMANSA C,RODRI GUEZ-REINOSO F.Phosphoric acid activated carbon discs for methane adsorption[J].Carbon,2003,41(11):2113-2119.
[8]林冠烽,蒋剑春,吴开金,等.磷酸法自成型木质颗粒活性炭孔隙结构分析及其甲烷吸附性能[J].林产化学与工业,2016,36(5):101-106.LIN Guan-feng,JIANG Jian-chun,WU Kai-jin,et al.Analysis of porous structure of activated wood granular activated carbon by phosphoric acid method and its adsorption of methane[J].Forest Chemicals and Industry,2016,36(5):101-106.
[9]李秋瑜,胡中华,蔡巧巧.活性碳纤维吸附水溶液中的二价铅离子[J].高科技纤维与应用,2004,29(5):6-10.LI Qiu-yu,HU Zhong-hua,CAI Qiao-qiao.Adsorption of bivalent lead ions in aqueous solutions by activated carbon fibers[J].High-tech fibers and applications,2004,29(5):6-10.
[10]BULUT Y,BAYSAL Z.Removal of Pb(II)from wastewater using wheat bran[J].J Environ Manage,2006,78(2):107-113.
[11]WANG Y,GAO H,YEREDLA R,et al.Control of pertechnetate sorption on activated carbon by surface functional groups[J].J Colloid Interface Sci,2007,305(2):209-217.
[12]FAIX O.Classification of lignins from different botanical origins by Ft-IR spectroscopy[J].Holzforschung-International Journal of the Biology,Chemistry,Physics and Technology of Wood,1991,45(s1):21-28.
[13]PASQUALI C E L,HERRERA H.Pyrolysis of lignin and IR analysis of residues[J].Thermochimica Acta,1997,293(1-2):39-46.
[14]LI J,LI B,ZHang X.Comparative studies of thermal degradation between larch lignin and manchurian ash lignin[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,2002,78(2):279-285.