巨菌草种植对土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响
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摘要
为评价种植巨菌草对土壤生态环境影响,通过野外采集土样及盆栽试验,比较分析种植巨菌草对土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响,以期为种植巨菌草的土壤生态效应评价提供科学依据。试验设种植巨菌草2年不同采样时间的处理组5月(NaT)、10月(NbT)、次年1月(NcT)及其对照组(NaK、NbK、NcK);盆栽试验处理组NpT和对照组NpK,测定并分析采集土样的土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性。结果表明:种植巨菌草试验区土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性分析的结果与盆栽试验一致。巨菌草种植各处理组的土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),其中盆栽处理组NpT的土壤微生物数量较对照组增幅最大,细菌、真菌及放线菌数量分别是对照组的5.7、9.6和9.1倍;各处理组的土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶及酸性磷酸酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),除NbT的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性外,均达极显著水平(P<0.01)。巨菌草的种植提高了土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性,表明巨菌草种植对于改善土壤质量具有积极作用。
In order to evaluate the effect of planting Pennisetum sp.on soil ecological environment,comparing and analyzing the influence of planting Pennisetum sp. on soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity through field and pot experiment,to provide scientific basis for its soil ecological effect.In this experiment,there were the treatment groups NaT,NbT,and NcT of different sampling times(in May,October and January of the following year) by planting Pennisetum sp. for 2 years,with the control groups NaK,NbK and NcK; and pot experiment with the treatment group NpT and the control group NpK,the quantity of soil microorganisms and the activity of soil enzymes were measured and analyzed.The results of soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity analysis in the experimental area of planting Pennisetum sp.were consistent with those of pot experiment.The results indicated that the quantity of soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes of the treatment groups by planting Pennisetum sp.were extremely higher than the control groups(P<0.01).The quantity of soil microorganisms in the treatment group of pot experiment increased the most than that in the control group,the quantity of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the treatment group was 5.7,9.6 and 9.1 times as much as that in the control group,respectively.The soil catalase,sucrase,urease,and acid phosphatase activity of the treatment groups were significantly higher than the control groups(P<0.05),in addition to soil acid phosphatase activity of the group Nb,reached extremely significant level(P<0.01).The quantity of soil microorganisms and soil activity were increased by planting Pennisetum sp.,which indicated that the planting of Pennisetum sp.played a positive role in improving soil quality.
In order to evaluate the effect of planting Pennisetum sp.on soil ecological environment,comparing and analyzing the influence of planting Pennisetum sp. on soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity through field and pot experiment,to provide scientific basis for its soil ecological effect.In this experiment,there were the treatment groups NaT,NbT,and NcT of different sampling times(in May,October and January of the following year) by planting Pennisetum sp. for 2 years,with the control groups NaK,NbK and NcK; and pot experiment with the treatment group NpT and the control group NpK,the quantity of soil microorganisms and the activity of soil enzymes were measured and analyzed.The results of soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity analysis in the experimental area of planting Pennisetum sp.were consistent with those of pot experiment.The results indicated that the quantity of soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes of the treatment groups by planting Pennisetum sp.were extremely higher than the control groups(P<0.01).The quantity of soil microorganisms in the treatment group of pot experiment increased the most than that in the control group,the quantity of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the treatment group was 5.7,9.6 and 9.1 times as much as that in the control group,respectively.The soil catalase,sucrase,urease,and acid phosphatase activity of the treatment groups were significantly higher than the control groups(P<0.05),in addition to soil acid phosphatase activity of the group Nb,reached extremely significant level(P<0.01).The quantity of soil microorganisms and soil activity were increased by planting Pennisetum sp.,which indicated that the planting of Pennisetum sp.played a positive role in improving soil quality.
引文
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[3] 薛志香,曾峰,曹秀明,等.鲜菌草与干菌草栽培的香菇品质比较[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2017,46(6):697-701.
[4] 蔡杨星,曹秀明,林冬梅,等.菌草栽培猴头菌子实体多糖的研究[J].北方园艺,2016(21):140-145.
[5] 王锦锋,林占熺.菌草栽培赤芝培养基配方筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(35):29-31.
[6] 张诗,林芝,余豪闯,等.酶制剂和绿汁发酵液对巨菌草青贮品质的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(8):1755-1761.
[7] 顾丽红,刘圈炜,邢漫萍,等.巨菌草饲喂北京鸭的效果分析[J].中国家禽,2017,39(12):61-63.
[8] 林兴生,林占熺,林冬梅,等.菌草作为生物质燃料的初步研究[J].福建林学院学报,2013,33(1):82-86.
[9] 林占熺,林辉,林春梅,等.一种种植菌草治理崩岗的新方法:中国,CN102835239A[P].2012-12-26.
[10] 刘凤山,林辉,林兴生,等.巨菌草对生态脆弱区治理与修复的研究进展[J].贵州农业科学,2017,45(7):111-113.
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[12] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京: 农业出版社,1986: 274-313.
[13] 林大仪.土壤学实验指导[M].北京: 中国林业出版社,2004: 199.
[14] 赵兰坡,姜岩.土壤磷酸酶活性测定方法的探讨[J].土壤通报,1986(3):138-141.
[15] 姚槐应.土壤微生物生态学及其实验技术[M].北京: 科学出版社,2006: 201.
[16] Bossio D A,Scow K M,Gunapala N,et al.Determinants of soil microbial communities: effects of agricultural management,season,and soil type on phospholipid fatty acid profiles[J].Microbial Ecology,1998,36(1):1-12.
[17] 周丽霞,丁明懋.土壤微生物学特性对土壤健康的指示作用[J].生物多样性,2007,15(2):162-171.
[18] 林璐,乌云娜,田村宪司,等.呼伦贝尔典型退化草原土壤理化与微生物性状[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(12):3407-3414.
[19] 肖烨,黄志刚,武海涛,等.三江平原典型湿地类型土壤微生物特征与土壤养分的研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1842-1848.
[20] 沈仁芳,赵学强.土壤微生物在植物获得养分中的作用[J].生态学报,2015,35(20):6584-6591.
[21] 林冬梅,林占熺,苏德伟,等.种植菌草对沙质荒漠化土壤养分、酶活性及微生物的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(5):61-65.
[22] 杨宁,杨满元,雷玉兰,等.紫色土丘陵坡地土壤微生物群落的季节变化[J].生态环境学报,2015(1):34-40.
[23] Caldwell B A.Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity: A review[J].Pedobiologia,2005,49(6):637-644.
[24] 刘善江,夏雪,陈桂梅,等.土壤酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):1-7.
[25] Ladd J N.Soil Enzymes[J].Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences,1985,16(1):175-221.
[26] 尹微琴,景浩祺,王亚波,等.O3浓度升高对小麦根际土壤酶活性和有机酸含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):547-553.
[27] 邓欧平,李翰,熊雷,等.秸秆、猪粪混施对麦田根际土壤过氧化氢酶与蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(1):86-92.
[28] 刘建华,刘振花,赵素华,等.红松阔叶混交林不同演替阶段土壤过氧化氢酶活性的研究[J].防护林科技,2010(4):48-50.
[29] 戴伟,白红英.土壤过氧化氢酶活度及其动力学特征与土壤性质的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,1995,17(1):37-41.
[30] 石立媛,张永亮,高凯,等.科尔沁沙地苜蓿草地土壤酶活性的时空变化特征[J].草地学报,2017,25(2):310-314.
[31] 赵仁竹,汤洁,梁爽,等.吉林西部盐碱田土壤蔗糖酶活性和有机碳分布特征及其相关关系[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(2):244-249.
[32] 薛立,邝立刚,陈红跃,等.不同林分土壤养分、微生物与酶活性的研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(2):280-285.
[33] 莫晶,闫文德,刘曙光,等.油茶-花生间作土壤酶活性与养分的关系[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(6):89-95.
[34] 王月容,周金星,周志翔,等.洞庭湖退田还湖区不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物数量与酶活性特征[J].生态学杂志,2010(5):910-916.
[35] 沈菊培,陈利军.土壤磷酸酶活性对施肥-种植-耕作制度的响应[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):622-627.
[36] 安韶山,黄懿梅,郑粉莉.黄土丘陵区草地土壤脲酶活性特征及其与土壤性质的关系[J].草地学报,2005,13(3):233-237.
[37] 张天瑞,皇甫超河,白小明,等.黄顶菊入侵对土壤养分和酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010(7):1353-1358.
[38] 郑棉海,黄娟,陈浩,等.氮、磷添加对不同林型土壤磷酸酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(20):6703-6710.
[2] 林占熺,林辉,黄国勇,等.菌草栽培食用菌的方法:中国,CN101121613[P].2008-02-13.
[3] 薛志香,曾峰,曹秀明,等.鲜菌草与干菌草栽培的香菇品质比较[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2017,46(6):697-701.
[4] 蔡杨星,曹秀明,林冬梅,等.菌草栽培猴头菌子实体多糖的研究[J].北方园艺,2016(21):140-145.
[5] 王锦锋,林占熺.菌草栽培赤芝培养基配方筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(35):29-31.
[6] 张诗,林芝,余豪闯,等.酶制剂和绿汁发酵液对巨菌草青贮品质的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(8):1755-1761.
[7] 顾丽红,刘圈炜,邢漫萍,等.巨菌草饲喂北京鸭的效果分析[J].中国家禽,2017,39(12):61-63.
[8] 林兴生,林占熺,林冬梅,等.菌草作为生物质燃料的初步研究[J].福建林学院学报,2013,33(1):82-86.
[9] 林占熺,林辉,林春梅,等.一种种植菌草治理崩岗的新方法:中国,CN102835239A[P].2012-12-26.
[10] 刘凤山,林辉,林兴生,等.巨菌草对生态脆弱区治理与修复的研究进展[J].贵州农业科学,2017,45(7):111-113.
[11] 林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京: 高等教育出版社,2010: 431.
[12] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京: 农业出版社,1986: 274-313.
[13] 林大仪.土壤学实验指导[M].北京: 中国林业出版社,2004: 199.
[14] 赵兰坡,姜岩.土壤磷酸酶活性测定方法的探讨[J].土壤通报,1986(3):138-141.
[15] 姚槐应.土壤微生物生态学及其实验技术[M].北京: 科学出版社,2006: 201.
[16] Bossio D A,Scow K M,Gunapala N,et al.Determinants of soil microbial communities: effects of agricultural management,season,and soil type on phospholipid fatty acid profiles[J].Microbial Ecology,1998,36(1):1-12.
[17] 周丽霞,丁明懋.土壤微生物学特性对土壤健康的指示作用[J].生物多样性,2007,15(2):162-171.
[18] 林璐,乌云娜,田村宪司,等.呼伦贝尔典型退化草原土壤理化与微生物性状[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(12):3407-3414.
[19] 肖烨,黄志刚,武海涛,等.三江平原典型湿地类型土壤微生物特征与土壤养分的研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1842-1848.
[20] 沈仁芳,赵学强.土壤微生物在植物获得养分中的作用[J].生态学报,2015,35(20):6584-6591.
[21] 林冬梅,林占熺,苏德伟,等.种植菌草对沙质荒漠化土壤养分、酶活性及微生物的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(5):61-65.
[22] 杨宁,杨满元,雷玉兰,等.紫色土丘陵坡地土壤微生物群落的季节变化[J].生态环境学报,2015(1):34-40.
[23] Caldwell B A.Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity: A review[J].Pedobiologia,2005,49(6):637-644.
[24] 刘善江,夏雪,陈桂梅,等.土壤酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):1-7.
[25] Ladd J N.Soil Enzymes[J].Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences,1985,16(1):175-221.
[26] 尹微琴,景浩祺,王亚波,等.O3浓度升高对小麦根际土壤酶活性和有机酸含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):547-553.
[27] 邓欧平,李翰,熊雷,等.秸秆、猪粪混施对麦田根际土壤过氧化氢酶与蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(1):86-92.
[28] 刘建华,刘振花,赵素华,等.红松阔叶混交林不同演替阶段土壤过氧化氢酶活性的研究[J].防护林科技,2010(4):48-50.
[29] 戴伟,白红英.土壤过氧化氢酶活度及其动力学特征与土壤性质的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,1995,17(1):37-41.
[30] 石立媛,张永亮,高凯,等.科尔沁沙地苜蓿草地土壤酶活性的时空变化特征[J].草地学报,2017,25(2):310-314.
[31] 赵仁竹,汤洁,梁爽,等.吉林西部盐碱田土壤蔗糖酶活性和有机碳分布特征及其相关关系[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(2):244-249.
[32] 薛立,邝立刚,陈红跃,等.不同林分土壤养分、微生物与酶活性的研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(2):280-285.
[33] 莫晶,闫文德,刘曙光,等.油茶-花生间作土壤酶活性与养分的关系[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(6):89-95.
[34] 王月容,周金星,周志翔,等.洞庭湖退田还湖区不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物数量与酶活性特征[J].生态学杂志,2010(5):910-916.
[35] 沈菊培,陈利军.土壤磷酸酶活性对施肥-种植-耕作制度的响应[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):622-627.
[36] 安韶山,黄懿梅,郑粉莉.黄土丘陵区草地土壤脲酶活性特征及其与土壤性质的关系[J].草地学报,2005,13(3):233-237.
[37] 张天瑞,皇甫超河,白小明,等.黄顶菊入侵对土壤养分和酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010(7):1353-1358.
[38] 郑棉海,黄娟,陈浩,等.氮、磷添加对不同林型土壤磷酸酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(20):6703-6710.