细颗粒物对呼吸系统相关疾病的影响
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摘要
随着我国工业及经济的不断发展,大气污染问题也引起人们的密切关注。大气中平均空气动力学直径≤2.5μm颗粒物被称为细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))。PM_(2.5)具有粒径小、停滞时间长等特点,易通过机体过滤机制,对人体健康危害极大。本文主要就PM_(2.5)的定义、来源、致病机制和对呼吸系统的影响等方面进行综述。
With the rapid development of economy and industry,air pollution has become a serious problem. Fine particulate matter( PM_(2.5))is defined as particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm with small particle size and long retention period in the atmosphere. PM_(2.5) can easily reach the lower respiratory tract and has been shown to influence the frequency and severity of various systemic diseases,so it is closely related to respiratory system diseases. This article reviews the definition,source and pathogenesis of PM_(2.5) and its effects on respiratory system.
With the rapid development of economy and industry,air pollution has become a serious problem. Fine particulate matter( PM_(2.5))is defined as particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm with small particle size and long retention period in the atmosphere. PM_(2.5) can easily reach the lower respiratory tract and has been shown to influence the frequency and severity of various systemic diseases,so it is closely related to respiratory system diseases. This article reviews the definition,source and pathogenesis of PM_(2.5) and its effects on respiratory system.
引文
[1]李男,毛明清,宋楠,等. PM2.5对机体影响及其机制的研究进展[J].沈阳医学院学报,2018,20(1):70-74.
[2]陈瑶瑶.南京市PM2.5致人支气管上皮细胞损伤作用及机制研究[D].南京:南京医科大学,2017.
[3]云博,吴景东.氧化应激与相关疾病及其作用机制[J].沈阳医学院学报,2018,20(3):272-276.
[4] Tao F,Gonzalez-Flecha B,Kobzik L. Reactive oxygen species in pulmonary inflammation by ambient particulates[J]. Free Radic Biol Med,2003,35(4):327-340.
[5]徐贞贞,张志红,马晓燕,等. PM2.5通过氧化应激对人支气管上皮细胞JAK/STAT信号通路的影响[J].卫生研究,2015,44(3):451-455.
[6] Zhang Y,Yang Z,Li R,et al. Investigation of fine chalk dust particles’chemical compositions and toxicities on alveolar macrophage in vitro[J]. Chemosphere,2015,120:500-506.
[7] Li R,Kou X,Geng H,et al. Effect of ambient PM2.5 on lung mitochondrial damage and fusion/fission gene expression in rats[J]. Chem Res Toxicol,2015,28(3):408-418.
[8]徐东群,黄宁华,王秦,等.环境细颗粒物亚慢性染毒对大鼠炎症损伤及免疫功能的影响研究[J].卫生研究,2008,37(4):423-428.
[9] Valavanidis A,Vlachogianni T,Fiotakis K,et al. Pulmonary oxidative stress,inflammation and cancer:respirable particulate matter, fibrous dusts and ozone as major causes of lung carcinogenesis through reactive oxygen species mechanisms[J].Int J Environl Resh Public Health,2013,10(9):3886-3907.
[10] Karottki DG,Spilak M,Frederiksen M,et al. An indoor air filtration study in homes of elderly:cardiovascular and respiratory effects of exposure to particulate matter[J]. Environ Health,2013,12:116.
[11]黄宁华,徐东群.细颗粒物免疫毒性研究进展[J].卫生研究,2004,33(3):365-368.
[12] Bai R,Zhang L,Liu Y,et al. Pulmonary responses to printer toner particles in mice after intratracheal instillation[J]. Toxicol Lett,2010,199(3):288-300.
[13] M?ller W,Hofer T,Ziesenis A,et al. Ultrafine particles cause cytoskeletal dysfunctions in macrophages[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2002,182(3):197-207.
[14]图尔贡·艾尔肯,迪丽努尔·塔力甫,邵龙义,等.极干旱区大气PM2.5对质粒DNA的氧化性损伤研究[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(4):140-145.
[15] Zeng Y,Huo T,Dong F,et al. The study on genotoxicity of PM2.5 mineral dusts to A549 cells[J].矿物学报,2013(S1):133.
[16] Shu Y,Zhu L,Yuan F,et al. Analysis of the relationship between PM2.5 and lung cancer based on protein-protein interactions[J]. Combl Chem High Throughput Screen,2016,19(2):100-108.
[17] Zhou W,Tian D,He J,et al. Repeated PM2.5 exposure inhibits BEAS-2B cell P53 expression through ROS-Akt-DNMT3B pathway-mediated promoter hypermethylation[J]. Oncotarget,2016,7(15):20691-20703.
[18]王少利,郭新彪,张金良.北京市大气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2004,21(1):41-44.
[19]顾珩,康家琦,程义斌,等.城市大气污染对儿童呼吸功能的影响[J].卫生研究,2007,36(3):326-327.
[20] Gehring U,Gruzieva O,Agius RM,et al. Air pollution exposure and lung function in children:the ESCAPE project[J]. Environ Health Perspect,2013,121(11-12):1357-1364.
[21]王欣,邓芙蓉,吴少伟,等.北京市某区大气可吸入颗粒物和细颗粒物对儿童肺功能的短期影响[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2010,42(3):340-344.
[22] Rice MB,Ljungman PL,Wilker RH,et al. Long-term exposure to traffic emissions and fine particulate matter and lung function decline in the framingham heart study[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2015,191(6):656-664.
[23] Peel JL,Tolbert PE,Klein M,et al. Ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency department visits[J]. Epidemiology,2005,16(2):164-174.
[24] Neupane B,Jerrett M,Burnett RT,et al. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of hospitalization with communityacquired pneumonia in older adults[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2010,181(1):47-53.
[25] Ni L,Chuang CC,Zuo L. Fine particulate matter in acute exacerbation of COPD[J]. Front Physiol,2015,6:294.
[26] Tsai SS,Chang CC,Yang CY. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a case-crossover study in Taipei[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2013,10(11):6015-6026.
[27]彭建萍,陈乐蓉,胡欣春,等. 1,25(OH)2D3对PM2.5在体染毒慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠气道炎症的作用[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,10(37):4707-4709.
[28]何白梅,罗百灵,彭振宇,等.慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠模型的肺组织内质网应激与细胞凋亡[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2011,34(5):375-379.
[29]薛丹,刘学军,杜毓锋,等. PM2.5激活内质网应激诱导肺组织细胞凋亡对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠的影响[J].国际呼吸杂志,2016,36(12):907-914.
[30]丁玲,朱道娟,彭东红.大气颗粒物与儿童哮喘住院人数相关性的Meta分析[J].中华儿童杂志,2015,53(2):129-135.
[31]钟巨斌,林千文,谭建新,等. PM2.5对哮喘急性期小鼠脾脏CD4+T淋巴细胞分化的影响[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2015,30(16):1269-1272.
[32] Hua J,Yin Y,Peng L,et al. Acute effects of black Carbon and PM2.5 on children asthma admissions:a time-series study in a Chinese city[J]. Sci Total Environ,2014,481:433-438.
[33]成冲.空气污染与肺癌发病的关系研究[J].基层医学论坛,2017(31):139-140.
[34] Turner MC,Krewski D,Pope CA 3rd,et al. Longterm ambient fine particulate matter air pollution and lung cancer in a large cohort of never-smokers[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2011,184(12):1374-138 1.
[35] Shi T,Knaapen AM,Begerow J,et al. Temporal variation of hydroxyl radical generation and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine formation by coarse and fine particulate matter[J]. Occup Environ Med,2003,60(5):315-321.
[36] Lepeule J,Laden F,Dockery D,et al. Chronic exposure to fine particles and mortality:an extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study from 1974 to 2009[J]. Environ Health Perspect,2012,120(7):965-970.
[37] Hoek G, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Impact of fine particles in ambient air on lung cancer[J]. Chin J Cancer,2014,33(4):197-203.
[38] Barrett JR. Assessing the health threat of outdoor air:lung cancer risk of particulate matter exposure[J]. Environ Health Perspect,2014,122(9):A252.
[2]陈瑶瑶.南京市PM2.5致人支气管上皮细胞损伤作用及机制研究[D].南京:南京医科大学,2017.
[3]云博,吴景东.氧化应激与相关疾病及其作用机制[J].沈阳医学院学报,2018,20(3):272-276.
[4] Tao F,Gonzalez-Flecha B,Kobzik L. Reactive oxygen species in pulmonary inflammation by ambient particulates[J]. Free Radic Biol Med,2003,35(4):327-340.
[5]徐贞贞,张志红,马晓燕,等. PM2.5通过氧化应激对人支气管上皮细胞JAK/STAT信号通路的影响[J].卫生研究,2015,44(3):451-455.
[6] Zhang Y,Yang Z,Li R,et al. Investigation of fine chalk dust particles’chemical compositions and toxicities on alveolar macrophage in vitro[J]. Chemosphere,2015,120:500-506.
[7] Li R,Kou X,Geng H,et al. Effect of ambient PM2.5 on lung mitochondrial damage and fusion/fission gene expression in rats[J]. Chem Res Toxicol,2015,28(3):408-418.
[8]徐东群,黄宁华,王秦,等.环境细颗粒物亚慢性染毒对大鼠炎症损伤及免疫功能的影响研究[J].卫生研究,2008,37(4):423-428.
[9] Valavanidis A,Vlachogianni T,Fiotakis K,et al. Pulmonary oxidative stress,inflammation and cancer:respirable particulate matter, fibrous dusts and ozone as major causes of lung carcinogenesis through reactive oxygen species mechanisms[J].Int J Environl Resh Public Health,2013,10(9):3886-3907.
[10] Karottki DG,Spilak M,Frederiksen M,et al. An indoor air filtration study in homes of elderly:cardiovascular and respiratory effects of exposure to particulate matter[J]. Environ Health,2013,12:116.
[11]黄宁华,徐东群.细颗粒物免疫毒性研究进展[J].卫生研究,2004,33(3):365-368.
[12] Bai R,Zhang L,Liu Y,et al. Pulmonary responses to printer toner particles in mice after intratracheal instillation[J]. Toxicol Lett,2010,199(3):288-300.
[13] M?ller W,Hofer T,Ziesenis A,et al. Ultrafine particles cause cytoskeletal dysfunctions in macrophages[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2002,182(3):197-207.
[14]图尔贡·艾尔肯,迪丽努尔·塔力甫,邵龙义,等.极干旱区大气PM2.5对质粒DNA的氧化性损伤研究[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(4):140-145.
[15] Zeng Y,Huo T,Dong F,et al. The study on genotoxicity of PM2.5 mineral dusts to A549 cells[J].矿物学报,2013(S1):133.
[16] Shu Y,Zhu L,Yuan F,et al. Analysis of the relationship between PM2.5 and lung cancer based on protein-protein interactions[J]. Combl Chem High Throughput Screen,2016,19(2):100-108.
[17] Zhou W,Tian D,He J,et al. Repeated PM2.5 exposure inhibits BEAS-2B cell P53 expression through ROS-Akt-DNMT3B pathway-mediated promoter hypermethylation[J]. Oncotarget,2016,7(15):20691-20703.
[18]王少利,郭新彪,张金良.北京市大气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2004,21(1):41-44.
[19]顾珩,康家琦,程义斌,等.城市大气污染对儿童呼吸功能的影响[J].卫生研究,2007,36(3):326-327.
[20] Gehring U,Gruzieva O,Agius RM,et al. Air pollution exposure and lung function in children:the ESCAPE project[J]. Environ Health Perspect,2013,121(11-12):1357-1364.
[21]王欣,邓芙蓉,吴少伟,等.北京市某区大气可吸入颗粒物和细颗粒物对儿童肺功能的短期影响[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2010,42(3):340-344.
[22] Rice MB,Ljungman PL,Wilker RH,et al. Long-term exposure to traffic emissions and fine particulate matter and lung function decline in the framingham heart study[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2015,191(6):656-664.
[23] Peel JL,Tolbert PE,Klein M,et al. Ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency department visits[J]. Epidemiology,2005,16(2):164-174.
[24] Neupane B,Jerrett M,Burnett RT,et al. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of hospitalization with communityacquired pneumonia in older adults[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2010,181(1):47-53.
[25] Ni L,Chuang CC,Zuo L. Fine particulate matter in acute exacerbation of COPD[J]. Front Physiol,2015,6:294.
[26] Tsai SS,Chang CC,Yang CY. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a case-crossover study in Taipei[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2013,10(11):6015-6026.
[27]彭建萍,陈乐蓉,胡欣春,等. 1,25(OH)2D3对PM2.5在体染毒慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠气道炎症的作用[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,10(37):4707-4709.
[28]何白梅,罗百灵,彭振宇,等.慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠模型的肺组织内质网应激与细胞凋亡[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2011,34(5):375-379.
[29]薛丹,刘学军,杜毓锋,等. PM2.5激活内质网应激诱导肺组织细胞凋亡对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠的影响[J].国际呼吸杂志,2016,36(12):907-914.
[30]丁玲,朱道娟,彭东红.大气颗粒物与儿童哮喘住院人数相关性的Meta分析[J].中华儿童杂志,2015,53(2):129-135.
[31]钟巨斌,林千文,谭建新,等. PM2.5对哮喘急性期小鼠脾脏CD4+T淋巴细胞分化的影响[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2015,30(16):1269-1272.
[32] Hua J,Yin Y,Peng L,et al. Acute effects of black Carbon and PM2.5 on children asthma admissions:a time-series study in a Chinese city[J]. Sci Total Environ,2014,481:433-438.
[33]成冲.空气污染与肺癌发病的关系研究[J].基层医学论坛,2017(31):139-140.
[34] Turner MC,Krewski D,Pope CA 3rd,et al. Longterm ambient fine particulate matter air pollution and lung cancer in a large cohort of never-smokers[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2011,184(12):1374-138 1.
[35] Shi T,Knaapen AM,Begerow J,et al. Temporal variation of hydroxyl radical generation and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine formation by coarse and fine particulate matter[J]. Occup Environ Med,2003,60(5):315-321.
[36] Lepeule J,Laden F,Dockery D,et al. Chronic exposure to fine particles and mortality:an extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study from 1974 to 2009[J]. Environ Health Perspect,2012,120(7):965-970.
[37] Hoek G, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Impact of fine particles in ambient air on lung cancer[J]. Chin J Cancer,2014,33(4):197-203.
[38] Barrett JR. Assessing the health threat of outdoor air:lung cancer risk of particulate matter exposure[J]. Environ Health Perspect,2014,122(9):A252.