基于空间绩效的城镇绿地生态网络构建——以安徽宣城狸桥为例
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摘要
根据景观生态学相关理论,不同景观要素组成的空间格局是影响其空间绩效的主要因素之一。在综合分析生态系统服务、景观空间结构、生态敏感性及其累计耗费距离表面水文功能等空间绩效的基础上,分析研究狸桥镇绿地生态网络空间布局。结果表明:研究区生态系统服务价值为37 538万元/a,其空间绩效较优;在其平原地区,建设用地和耕地广布,生态斑块较小且连接度较低,景观呈现破碎化;在中西部山区,生态斑块较大,但对其周边生态服务能力较弱;研究区生态敏感性划分为极度敏感区、高度敏感区、中度敏感区、低度敏感区和非敏感区5个等级,分别占研究区36%、18%、17%、19%和10%;以生态敏感性综合评价值作为费用表面,确定具有一定生态系统服务价值的生态用地作为生态源,进而构建累计耗费距离模型。并通过Arc GIS水文分析,规划了境域潜在生态廊道和生态节点;结合狸桥镇河流、道路及空间特征现状,综合构建了城镇绿地生态网络,为今后城镇生态建设和发展提供科学依据。
According to the theory of landscape ecology, the spatial pattern composed of different landscape elements is one of the main reasons of influencing the spatial performance. Based on the analysis of spatial performance such as the ecosystem service function, landscape spatial structure, ecological sensitivity and the hydrological function of accumulative cost distance surface in Liqiao town, the spatial layout of the town green land ecological networks has been studied. The results showed that the value of the ecosystem service function was 375.38 million RMB/a and its spatial performance was good. In plain area, there were a lot of cultivated and construction lands, and ecological patches were smaller and their connection were low and landscape fragmentation was very high. In the central and western mountainous area, ecological patches were larger, however the capability of their ecological service in surrounding area was weak. The five grades of ecological sensitivity classification were extreme sensitivity, strong sensitivity, moderate sensitivity, slight sensitivity and non-sensitivity, the area percentage of them were 36%、18%、17%、19%, 10%, respectively. Taking the value of ecological sensitivity overall evaluation as cost surface, the ecological sources were decided by the help of ecological land with a certain of ecosystem service function and ecological accumulative cost distance model was created also. Through the analysis of hydrological function in the study area by Arc GIS software, the regional potential ecological corridors and nodes were panned. Combined with the present situation of the rivers, roads etc., this paper synthetically constructed the town green land ecological networks in order to supply scientific base for ecological construction and development in Liqiao town.
According to the theory of landscape ecology, the spatial pattern composed of different landscape elements is one of the main reasons of influencing the spatial performance. Based on the analysis of spatial performance such as the ecosystem service function, landscape spatial structure, ecological sensitivity and the hydrological function of accumulative cost distance surface in Liqiao town, the spatial layout of the town green land ecological networks has been studied. The results showed that the value of the ecosystem service function was 375.38 million RMB/a and its spatial performance was good. In plain area, there were a lot of cultivated and construction lands, and ecological patches were smaller and their connection were low and landscape fragmentation was very high. In the central and western mountainous area, ecological patches were larger, however the capability of their ecological service in surrounding area was weak. The five grades of ecological sensitivity classification were extreme sensitivity, strong sensitivity, moderate sensitivity, slight sensitivity and non-sensitivity, the area percentage of them were 36%、18%、17%、19%, 10%, respectively. Taking the value of ecological sensitivity overall evaluation as cost surface, the ecological sources were decided by the help of ecological land with a certain of ecosystem service function and ecological accumulative cost distance model was created also. Through the analysis of hydrological function in the study area by Arc GIS software, the regional potential ecological corridors and nodes were panned. Combined with the present situation of the rivers, roads etc., this paper synthetically constructed the town green land ecological networks in order to supply scientific base for ecological construction and development in Liqiao town.
引文
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[19]黄柳菁,肖荣波,李智山.在Arc GIS支持下的广州生物多样性保护廊道规划[J].中国园林,2014,(10):98-101.
[20]袁军,石斌,谭晓风.林下经济与经济林产业的发展[J].经济林研究,2015,(2):163-166.
[21]梁宝君,石焱,袁卫国.我国森林生态效益补偿政策的回顾与思考[J].中南林业科技大学学报:社会科学版,2014,8(5):1-5.
[2]张庆费.城市绿色网络及其构建框架[J].城市规划学刊,2002,(1):75-78.
[3]董翠芳,梁国付,丁圣彦,等.不同干扰背景下景观指数与物种多样性的多尺度效应——以巩义市为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3444-3451.
[4]汪辉,李卫正,孔令娜,等.湿地公园生态敏感性评价研究——以盐城珍禽湿地公园为例[J].中国园林,2014,(10):112-115.
[5]易敏,李毅,邓瑜兵.基于RS与GIS的长沙市建设用地动态变化及其生态环境质量评价研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报:社会科学版,2015,9(2):14-19.
[6]孙逊,张晓佳,雷芸,等.基于城镇绿地生态网络构建的自然景观保护恢复技术与网络规划[J].城市规划学刊,2013,(10):34-39.
[7]Costanza R,Arge R,Groot R,et al.The value of the world's eosystem services and natural capital[J].Nuture,1997,386:253-260.
[8]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.
[9]邬建国.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[10]张晓阳,梁国付,丁圣彦.不同干扰背景下农业景观异质性——以巩义市为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3378-3385.
[11]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国生态环境敏感性及其区域差异规律研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(1):9-12.
[12]过萍艳,蒋文伟,吕渊,等.浙江省慈溪市宗汉街道城镇绿地生态网络构建[J].浙江农林大学学报,2014,31(1):67-71.
[13]张小飞,李正国,王如松,等.基于功能网络评价的城市生态安全格局研究——以常州市为例[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2009,45(4):728-736.
[14]王光军,莫蕙榕,张洪江,等.株洲云龙示范区绿地系统生态服务功能评价与优化[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,(2):59-65.
[15]卜晓丹.基于GIA的深圳市绿地生态网络构建研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.
[16]Knaapen J P,Scheffer M,Harms B.Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning[J].Landscape and Urban Planing,1992,23:1-16.
[17]Gurrutxaga M,Pedro J.GIS-based Approach for Incorporating the Connectivity of Ecological Networks into Regional Planning[J].Natural Conservation,2010:318-326.
[18]汤国安,杨昕.Arc GIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[19]黄柳菁,肖荣波,李智山.在Arc GIS支持下的广州生物多样性保护廊道规划[J].中国园林,2014,(10):98-101.
[20]袁军,石斌,谭晓风.林下经济与经济林产业的发展[J].经济林研究,2015,(2):163-166.
[21]梁宝君,石焱,袁卫国.我国森林生态效益补偿政策的回顾与思考[J].中南林业科技大学学报:社会科学版,2014,8(5):1-5.