施磷方式对杉木幼苗光合能力及磷素分配的影响
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摘要
为探讨不同施磷方式对杉木光合系统的影响机理,以同一无性系杉木幼苗为研究对象,采用室内盆栽模拟试验,以不施磷处理为对照,分别设置叶面施磷、根系施磷2种处理,分析不同试验时期杉木光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿体超微结构以及磷素分配格局的变化.结果表明,参试苗木培养60 d时,不施磷处理下杉木叶片基础荧光参数显著大于叶面施磷与根系施磷处理,最大光学量子产量显著小于叶面施磷与根系施磷处理;试验持续至120 d时,叶面施磷与根系施磷处理下,叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率均显著大于不施磷处理,而根系施磷处理基础荧光参数显著小于叶面施磷与不施磷处理,最大光学量子产量显著大于叶面施磷与不施磷处理;随着试验持续时间的延长,叶面施磷与根系施磷处理叶绿体超微结构呈现一定程度的损坏,不施磷处理叶绿体较为饱满,但数量减少且向细胞中心移动.根系施磷能显著提高根部、茎部磷分配量,叶面施磷能显著提高叶部磷分配量.
To explore the effect of phosphorus(P) supply on the photosynthetic system of Chinese fir seedlings, P was applied to potted clone Chinese fir at root and foliar surface, with addition of P-free Hoagland solution as the control. Changes in photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chloroplast ultrastructure, and P distribution pattern were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that basal fluorescence parameters were significantly higher in the control than both P treatment groups in 60 d, but the maximum optical quantum yield was significantly lower in the control. In 120 d, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate from both P treatments were significantly greater than the control. What's more, basic fluorescence parameter was lower in the group with P applied at root than the group with foliar spray and the control, and the maximum optical quantum yield was the highest in the group with P applied at root. As the trial proceeded, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts from both P treatments showed a certain degree of damage while chloroplasts from the control was more plumper, though the number decreased and shifted toward cell center. To summarize, P supply at root could significantly increase P distribution throughout root and stem and P supply to needle could significantly increase P distribution in needles.
To explore the effect of phosphorus(P) supply on the photosynthetic system of Chinese fir seedlings, P was applied to potted clone Chinese fir at root and foliar surface, with addition of P-free Hoagland solution as the control. Changes in photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chloroplast ultrastructure, and P distribution pattern were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that basal fluorescence parameters were significantly higher in the control than both P treatment groups in 60 d, but the maximum optical quantum yield was significantly lower in the control. In 120 d, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate from both P treatments were significantly greater than the control. What's more, basic fluorescence parameter was lower in the group with P applied at root than the group with foliar spray and the control, and the maximum optical quantum yield was the highest in the group with P applied at root. As the trial proceeded, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts from both P treatments showed a certain degree of damage while chloroplasts from the control was more plumper, though the number decreased and shifted toward cell center. To summarize, P supply at root could significantly increase P distribution throughout root and stem and P supply to needle could significantly increase P distribution in needles.
引文
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[27] 黄鹤忠,梁建生,张群英.菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichenoides)对N、P吸收效应及其细胞超微结构变化[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(1):95-102.
[28] 陈波浪,吴海华,罗佳,等.施磷对立架甜瓜干物质积累及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):511-518.
[29] 郑敏娜,李向林,万里强,等.水分胁迫对6种禾草叶绿体、线粒体超微结构及光合作用的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(5):643-649.
[30] 李三相,周向睿,王锁民.Na~+在植物中的有益作用[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(3):485-490.
[2] 李键,黄锦湖,颜晓艺,等.低磷胁迫对雷公藤幼苗光合特性的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(1):42-47.
[3] 于姣妲,殷丹阳,吴佳美,等.林木低磷胁迫适应机制研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2017,30(1):18-23.
[4] 王雪晴,阮文渊,易可可.植物体内磷素状况测定方法的研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2016,52(9):1 327-1 332.
[5] 许鹏波,薛立.油茶施肥研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(8):1-6.
[6] 文野,李丹,李甜江,等.叶面施肥对窄叶西南红山茶苗木生长的影响[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(2):62-66.
[7] SARANDON S J, GIANIBELLI M C. Effect of foliar urea spraying and nitrogen application at sowing upon dry matter and nitrogen distribution in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Agronomie, 1990,10(3):183-189.
[8] 施羽,潘新星,张洪波,等.施磷方式对蓖麻生长和铅积累的影响[J].常州大学学报(自然科学版),2014,26(2):62-65.
[9] 韩金华.低温影响小麦和大豆的生育进程分析[J].安徽农学通报,2012,18(2):97-119.
[10] 胡映泉.根外追肥对银杏光合作用的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(13):7-11.
[11] 李林源,连华萍,许鲁平.杉木种子园良种与优良无性系造林试验[J].林业工程学报,2015,29(1):30-32.
[12] WU P F, MA X Q, TIGABU M, et al. Root morphological plasticity and biomass production of two Chinese fir clones with high phosphorus efficiency under low phosphorus stress[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2011,41(2):228-234.
[13] 刘泽斌,刘守廷,蒋天成,等.电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定土壤中全硫、全磷和全钾[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(5):147-151.
[14] 吴鹏飞,马祥庆,陈友力,等.杉木无性系测定林磷素利用效率的比较[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2012,41(1):40-45.
[15] 吴鹏飞,刘爱琴,蒋建,等.不同马尾松无性系测定林生物量及养分积累的比较[J].武夷科学,2012,28:152-157.
[16] 陈智裕,李琦,邹显花,等.邻株竞争对低磷环境杉木幼苗光合特性及生物量分配的影响[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(2):177-186.
[17] 林诚,李清华,王飞,等.不同施磷水平对冷浸田水稻磷含量、光合特性及产量的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2016,24(5):553-558.
[18] 吕晓飞,王宏富,邢静熠,等.叶面喷施尿素、磷酸二氢钾和6-BA对谷子光合特性及产量构成的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(1):38-47.
[19] HART A L, GREER D H. Photosynthesis and carbon export in white clover plants grown at various levels of phosphorus supply[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 1988,73(1):46-51.
[20] 林郑和,钟秋生,郝志龙,等.低氮对不同茶树品种叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].茶叶科学,2017,37(4):363-372.
[21] GAO H, ZhAO T T, ZhAO N X, et al. Response of photosynthetic characteristics of caragana microphylla in different soil phosphorus supplies[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2013,726-731:184-187.
[22] 曹俊梅.五价砷对两种绿藻叶绿体损伤作用及缺磷影响[D].杭州,浙江大学,2016.
[23] 张有福,陈春艳,孙会忠,等.叶绿体光合代谢中活性氧的产生与清除[J].生物学杂志,2011,28(4):78-80,77.
[24] 廖祥儒,王越.叶绿体内活性氧产生及清除的酶系统[J].生命的化学,2000,20(6):260-262.
[25] 于钦民,徐福利,王渭玲.氮、磷肥对杉木幼苗生物量及养分分配的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):118-128.
[26] 张丽,郭素娟,宋影,等.叶面喷肥对板栗地上器官氮磷分配的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(7):34-39.
[27] 黄鹤忠,梁建生,张群英.菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichenoides)对N、P吸收效应及其细胞超微结构变化[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(1):95-102.
[28] 陈波浪,吴海华,罗佳,等.施磷对立架甜瓜干物质积累及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):511-518.
[29] 郑敏娜,李向林,万里强,等.水分胁迫对6种禾草叶绿体、线粒体超微结构及光合作用的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(5):643-649.
[30] 李三相,周向睿,王锁民.Na~+在植物中的有益作用[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(3):485-490.