干旱胁迫下覆膜和接种微生物对玉米生长与水分利用效率的影响
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摘要
针对西北干旱半干旱地区土壤贫瘠与水分缺乏的问题,利用微生物与作物形成互惠互利的共生关系,本研究设置两个水分梯度:干旱胁迫(供试土壤最大持水量的大持水量的35%)和正常水分(供试土壤最:75%),两个覆膜方式:无覆膜(NM)和覆膜(FM),4个接种微生物水平单接以照(AM真菌(AM)、单接解磷细菌(PSB)、联合接种AM真菌与解磷细菌(AM+PSB)及对CK),研究不同水分和覆膜条件下4个接种微生物对玉米生长特性、地上养分吸收与水分利用效率的影响率,但正常.结果表明:与正常水分处理相比,干旱胁迫能够显著提高接种水分处理下土壤根外菌丝密度、总球囊霉素(AM真菌处理的侵染T-GRSP)与易提取球囊霉素(EE-GRSP)含量明显提高.干旱胁迫下,单接生物量、水分利用效率和土壤有AM机真菌处理的促生作用和菌根效应表现最好,能够提高玉米碳含量,促进土壤N、P、K的吸收与运输,从而增加玉米地上部分N、P、K吸收量;而正常水分下,联合接种AM+PSB处理表现要好于单接AM和PSB处理,且其与覆膜的互作效果最好丝.相关分析结果表明,玉米生物量、叶片SPAD值和地上部分N、P、K吸收量均与土壤根外菌密度呈显著正相关,玉米水分利用效率与其呈显著负相关.
To resolve the problem of soil nutrient and water deficiency in arid and semiarid regionsof Northwest China, and considering the symbiotic relationship between microbes and crops, we setup two water regimes: drought stress(35% of the soil water holding capacity) and normal watersupply(75% of the soil water holding capacity), two film mulching patterns(non-film mulchingand film mulching), and four levels of microbial inoculation [ single inoculation with AM fungi(AM), single inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB), co-inoculation of AM fungiwith phosphate solubilizing bacteria(AM+PSB) and the control(CK)]. This study aimed to evaluatethe effects of microbial inoculation on maize growth, nutrient absorption, and water use efficiencyunder different treatments of water regime and film mulching. Results showed that drought stress sig-nificantly increased the mycorrhizal colonization of inoculated plants, but significantly decreased soilexternal hyphal length, T-GRSP and EE-GRSP content. Under drought stress, AM inoculationshowed the best promoting and mycorrhizal effect on maize growth by increasing biomass and wateruse efficiency, soil organic carbon content, the absorption and transportation of soil N, P, K, andthus increasing the N, P, K uptake. Under normal water supply, the inoculation effect of AM+PSBwas better than that of AM or PSB treatment, especially combined with film mulching. Results fromcorrelation analysis showed that plant biomass, leaf SPAD value, and nutrient uptake of maize aboveground were significantly positively correlated with soil external hyphal length, whereas wateruse efficiency was significantly negatively correlated with soil external hyphal length.
To resolve the problem of soil nutrient and water deficiency in arid and semiarid regionsof Northwest China, and considering the symbiotic relationship between microbes and crops, we setup two water regimes: drought stress(35% of the soil water holding capacity) and normal watersupply(75% of the soil water holding capacity), two film mulching patterns(non-film mulchingand film mulching), and four levels of microbial inoculation [ single inoculation with AM fungi(AM), single inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB), co-inoculation of AM fungiwith phosphate solubilizing bacteria(AM+PSB) and the control(CK)]. This study aimed to evaluatethe effects of microbial inoculation on maize growth, nutrient absorption, and water use efficiencyunder different treatments of water regime and film mulching. Results showed that drought stress sig-nificantly increased the mycorrhizal colonization of inoculated plants, but significantly decreased soilexternal hyphal length, T-GRSP and EE-GRSP content. Under drought stress, AM inoculationshowed the best promoting and mycorrhizal effect on maize growth by increasing biomass and wateruse efficiency, soil organic carbon content, the absorption and transportation of soil N, P, K, andthus increasing the N, P, K uptake. Under normal water supply, the inoculation effect of AM+PSBwas better than that of AM or PSB treatment, especially combined with film mulching. Results fromcorrelation analysis showed that plant biomass, leaf SPAD value, and nutrient uptake of maize aboveground were significantly positively correlated with soil external hyphal length, whereas wateruse efficiency was significantly negatively correlated with soil external hyphal length.
引文
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[9]Yu X(余旋),Zhu T-H(朱天辉),Liu X(刘旭).Effects of different phosphate-solubilizing bacteriaon rhizosphere microorganism and enzyme activities ofpecan seedlings.Scientia Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2012,48(2):117-123(in Chinese)
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[14]Feng H-Y(冯海艳),Feng G(冯固),Wang J-G(王敬国),et al.Regulation of P status in host plant onalkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in intraradicalhyphae anddevelopment of extraradical hyphae of AMfungi.Mycosystema(菌物系统),2003,22(4):589-598(in Chinese)
[15]He X-L(贺学礼),Guo H-J(郭辉娟),Wang Y-Y(王银银).Effects of soil moisture and AM fungi on thesoil physicochemical property in the rhizosphere ofAstragalus adsurgens.Journal of Hebei University(Natu-ral Science)(河北大学学报:自然科学版),2013,33(5):508-513(in Chinese)
[16]Zhang Z-F(张中峰),Zhang J-C(张金池),Huang Y-Q(黄玉清),et al.Effects of water stress and mycor-rhizal fungi on root morphology ofCyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2015,34(5):1198-1204(in Chinese)
[17]Giovannetti M,Mosse B.An evaluation of techniques formeasuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection inroots.New Phytologist,1980,84:489-500
[18]Abbott LK,Robson AD,Boer GD.The effect of phos-phorus on the formation of hyphae in soil by the vesicu-lar-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus,Glomus fasciculatum.New Phytologist,1984,97:437-446
[19]Li S-P(李少朋),Bi Y-L(毕银丽),Kong W-P(孔维平),et al.Effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungion environmental phytoremediation in coal mine areas.Environmental Science(环境科学),2013,34(11):4455-4459(in Chinese)
[20]Bao S-D(鲍士旦).Soil and Agricultural ChemistryAnalysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1998(inChinese)
[21]Chu Y-N(初亚男),Zhang H-B(张海波),Qin Z-F(秦泽峰),et al.Relationship of AM fungi with non-mycorrhizal plants.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2018,29(1):321-326(in Chi-nese)
[22]Chen J(陈婕),Xie J(谢靖),Tang M(唐明).Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on thegrowth and drought resistance ofAmorpha fruticosaunderwater stress.Journal of Beijing Forestry University(北京林业大学学报),2014,36(6):142-148(in Chi-nese)
[23]Wu Q-S(吴强盛),Zou Y-N(邹英宁),Xia R-X(夏仁学).Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on reac-tive oxygen metabolism ofCitrus tangerineleaves under-water stress.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(4):825-830(in Chinese)
[24]Ye J-S(叶佳舒),Li T(李涛),Hu Y-J(胡亚军),et al.Influences of AM fungi on plant growth andwater-stable soil aggregates under drought stresses.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2013,33(4):1080-1090(in Chinese)
[25]Tian M(田蜜),Chen Y-L(陈应龙),Li M(李敏),et al.Structure and function of arbuscular mycor-rhiza:A review.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(8):2369-2376(in Chi-nese)
[26]Wang S-G(王曙光),Feng Z-Z(冯兆忠),Wang X-K(王效科).Effects of environmental pollutants on arbus-cular mycorrhiza formation and function.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2006,17(7):1321-1325(in Chinese)
[27]Zhang S-B(张淑彬),Wang Y-S(王幼珊),Yin X-F(殷晓芳),et al.Development of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi and their influences on the absorption of N and P of maize at different soil phosphorus applicationlevels.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2017,23(3):649-657(in Chi-nese)
[28]Liu HL,Tan Y,Nell M,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizalfungal colonization ofGlycyrrhiza glabraroots enhancesplant biomass,phosphorus uptake and concentration ofroot secondary metabolites.Journal of Arid Land,2014,6:186-194
[29]Guo J-T(郭婧婷),Bi Y-L(毕银丽).Comparison ofthe effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and phos-phate fertilizer application on the improvement of coalash.Science&Technology Review(科技导报),2008,26(4):76-79(in Chinese)
[30]Bi Y-L(毕银丽),Guo J-T(郭婧婷),Liu R-R(刘榕榕).Effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria onamendment of coal fly ash.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2008,2(9):1235-1238(in Chinese)
[31]Zaidi A,Khan MS,Amil M.Interactive effect of rhi-zotrophic microorganisms on yield and nutrient uptake ofchickpea(Cicer arietinumL.).European Journal of Agronomy,2003,19:15-21
[32]Zhang F(张峰),Duan T-Y(段廷玉),Yan F-Y(闫飞扬),et al.Advances in the interactions of arbus-cular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms.Pratacultural Science(草业科学),2014,31(9):1673-1685(in Chinese)
[2]Hou XY,Wang FX,Han JJ,et al.Duration of plasticmulch for potato growth under drip irrigation in an aridregion of Northwest China.Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2010,150:115-121
[3]Wang Y-H(王颖慧),Meng M-L(蒙美莲),Chen Y-J(陈有君),et al.Effect of different film-coveringmodes on the yield and soil moisture of dry land tillagepotato.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2013,29(3):147-152(in Chinese)
[4]Liu X-W(刘晓伟),He B-L(何宝林),Guo T-W(郭天文),et al.Effects of full mulching on double ridgeswith different mulching methods on soil water contentand maize yield in dryland.Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences(核农学报),2012,26(3):602-609(in Chinese)
[5]Li S-Z(李尚中),Wang Y(王勇),Fan T-L(樊廷录),et al.Effects of different plastic film mulchingmodes on soil moisture,temperature and yield of drylandmaize.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2010,43(5):922-931(in Chinese)
[6]Veresoglou SD,Chen B,Rillig MC.Arbuscular mycorrhiza and soil nitrogen cycling.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2012,46:53-62
[7]Wu QS,Xia RX.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influencegrowth,osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis of citrusunder well-watered and water stress conditions.Journal of Plant Physiology,2006,163:417-425
[8]Rillig MC,Wright SF,Eviner VT.The role of arbuscu-lar mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin in soil aggregation:Comparing effects of five plant species.Plant and Soil,2002,238:325-333
[9]Yu X(余旋),Zhu T-H(朱天辉),Liu X(刘旭).Effects of different phosphate-solubilizing bacteriaon rhizosphere microorganism and enzyme activities ofpecan seedlings.Scientia Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2012,48(2):117-123(in Chinese)
[10]Yu X,Liu X,Zhu TH,et al.Isolation and characteriza-tion of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from walnut andtheir effect on growth and phosphorus mobilization.Biology&Fertility of Soils,2011,47:437-446
[11]Miransari M.Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizalfungi and soil bacteria.Applied Microbiology&Biotechnology,2011,89:917-930
[12]Feng G(冯固),Zhang F-S(张福锁),Li X-L(李晓林),et al.Functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiin agriculture and their manipulation.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2010,47(5):995-1004(inChinese)
[13]Tomar A,Kumar N,Pareek RP,et al.Synergismamong VA mycorrhiza,phosphate solubilizing bacteriaand rhizobium for symbiosis with blackgram(Vigna mungoL.)under field conditions.Pedosphere,2001,11:327-332
[14]Feng H-Y(冯海艳),Feng G(冯固),Wang J-G(王敬国),et al.Regulation of P status in host plant onalkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in intraradicalhyphae anddevelopment of extraradical hyphae of AMfungi.Mycosystema(菌物系统),2003,22(4):589-598(in Chinese)
[15]He X-L(贺学礼),Guo H-J(郭辉娟),Wang Y-Y(王银银).Effects of soil moisture and AM fungi on thesoil physicochemical property in the rhizosphere ofAstragalus adsurgens.Journal of Hebei University(Natu-ral Science)(河北大学学报:自然科学版),2013,33(5):508-513(in Chinese)
[16]Zhang Z-F(张中峰),Zhang J-C(张金池),Huang Y-Q(黄玉清),et al.Effects of water stress and mycor-rhizal fungi on root morphology ofCyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2015,34(5):1198-1204(in Chinese)
[17]Giovannetti M,Mosse B.An evaluation of techniques formeasuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection inroots.New Phytologist,1980,84:489-500
[18]Abbott LK,Robson AD,Boer GD.The effect of phos-phorus on the formation of hyphae in soil by the vesicu-lar-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus,Glomus fasciculatum.New Phytologist,1984,97:437-446
[19]Li S-P(李少朋),Bi Y-L(毕银丽),Kong W-P(孔维平),et al.Effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungion environmental phytoremediation in coal mine areas.Environmental Science(环境科学),2013,34(11):4455-4459(in Chinese)
[20]Bao S-D(鲍士旦).Soil and Agricultural ChemistryAnalysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1998(inChinese)
[21]Chu Y-N(初亚男),Zhang H-B(张海波),Qin Z-F(秦泽峰),et al.Relationship of AM fungi with non-mycorrhizal plants.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2018,29(1):321-326(in Chi-nese)
[22]Chen J(陈婕),Xie J(谢靖),Tang M(唐明).Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on thegrowth and drought resistance ofAmorpha fruticosaunderwater stress.Journal of Beijing Forestry University(北京林业大学学报),2014,36(6):142-148(in Chi-nese)
[23]Wu Q-S(吴强盛),Zou Y-N(邹英宁),Xia R-X(夏仁学).Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on reac-tive oxygen metabolism ofCitrus tangerineleaves under-water stress.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(4):825-830(in Chinese)
[24]Ye J-S(叶佳舒),Li T(李涛),Hu Y-J(胡亚军),et al.Influences of AM fungi on plant growth andwater-stable soil aggregates under drought stresses.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2013,33(4):1080-1090(in Chinese)
[25]Tian M(田蜜),Chen Y-L(陈应龙),Li M(李敏),et al.Structure and function of arbuscular mycor-rhiza:A review.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(8):2369-2376(in Chi-nese)
[26]Wang S-G(王曙光),Feng Z-Z(冯兆忠),Wang X-K(王效科).Effects of environmental pollutants on arbus-cular mycorrhiza formation and function.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2006,17(7):1321-1325(in Chinese)
[27]Zhang S-B(张淑彬),Wang Y-S(王幼珊),Yin X-F(殷晓芳),et al.Development of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi and their influences on the absorption of N and P of maize at different soil phosphorus applicationlevels.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2017,23(3):649-657(in Chi-nese)
[28]Liu HL,Tan Y,Nell M,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizalfungal colonization ofGlycyrrhiza glabraroots enhancesplant biomass,phosphorus uptake and concentration ofroot secondary metabolites.Journal of Arid Land,2014,6:186-194
[29]Guo J-T(郭婧婷),Bi Y-L(毕银丽).Comparison ofthe effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and phos-phate fertilizer application on the improvement of coalash.Science&Technology Review(科技导报),2008,26(4):76-79(in Chinese)
[30]Bi Y-L(毕银丽),Guo J-T(郭婧婷),Liu R-R(刘榕榕).Effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria onamendment of coal fly ash.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2008,2(9):1235-1238(in Chinese)
[31]Zaidi A,Khan MS,Amil M.Interactive effect of rhi-zotrophic microorganisms on yield and nutrient uptake ofchickpea(Cicer arietinumL.).European Journal of Agronomy,2003,19:15-21
[32]Zhang F(张峰),Duan T-Y(段廷玉),Yan F-Y(闫飞扬),et al.Advances in the interactions of arbus-cular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms.Pratacultural Science(草业科学),2014,31(9):1673-1685(in Chinese)