接种AM真菌对采煤沉陷区文冠果生长及土壤特性的影响
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摘要
煤炭井工开采往往造成地表塌陷,导致了土壤养分贫瘠和水分缺乏,土壤沙化和水土流失,从而限制了当地矿区植被生长,而丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,AM真菌)对植被生长有促进作用。以文冠果为宿主植物,采用野外原位监测和室内分析方法,研究了未接种和接种丛枝菌根真菌对采煤沉陷区复垦植物文冠果生长和土壤特性的影响。结果表明:与未接种AM真菌处理相比,接种AM真菌显著提高了文冠果根系菌根侵染率和土壤根外菌丝密度,7月接种AM真菌文冠果的株高、冠幅和地径提高了31.89%,23.07%,9.89%。同时,9月接种AM真菌处理的根际土壤全氮、碱解氮和有机碳含量分别比对照组增加0.29g/kg、13.0mg/kg和1.4g/kg,接种AM真菌显著提高了根际土壤的含水率、总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素,而速效磷和速效钾的含量显著降低。相关分析结果表明,菌根侵染率、土壤根外菌丝密度与根际土壤理化性质之间存在协同反馈效应。因此,接种AM真菌促进了采煤沉陷区复垦植被文冠果的生长和土壤的改良,这对矿区水土保持、维持生态系统稳定性和持续性具有重要意义。
Coal mining often causes surface subsidence,resulting in poor soil nutrient and water deficiency,soil desertification and soil erosion,which limits the growth of vegetation in the mining area.However,the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi(AM fungi)can promote the growth of vegetation.We took Xanthoceras sorbifolia as host plant and studied the effect of inoculated and non-inoculated AM fungi on plant growth and soil properties in the coal mining subsidence area by the method of in-situ field monitoring and lab analysis.The results showed that compared with the treatment of non-inoculated AM fungi,inoculation of AM fungi significantly increased the mycorrhizal infection rate and the hyphal density of outside the roots.The plant height,crown height,and ground diameter of X.sorbifoliainoculation with AM fungi in July increased by31.89%,23.07%and 9.89%,respectively.Compared with the treatment of non-inoculated AM fungi,the contents of total nitrogen,available nitrogen and soil organic carbon in rhizosphere soil treated with AM fungi in September increased by 0.29 g/kg,13.0 mg/kg and 1.4 g/kg,respectively.Inoculation with AM fungi significantly increased the water content of the rhizosphere soil,total glomalin and easily extracted glomalin,while the content of available phosphorus and available potassium decreased significantly.Correlation analysis showed that there was a synergistic feedback effect between mycorrhizal infection rate,the hyphal density of outside roots and rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties.Thus,the inoculation of AM fungi promoted the growth of X.sorbifoliaand soil improvement in the coal mining subsidence area,which is of great significance to soil and water conservation,to maintain the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem in the mining area.
Coal mining often causes surface subsidence,resulting in poor soil nutrient and water deficiency,soil desertification and soil erosion,which limits the growth of vegetation in the mining area.However,the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi(AM fungi)can promote the growth of vegetation.We took Xanthoceras sorbifolia as host plant and studied the effect of inoculated and non-inoculated AM fungi on plant growth and soil properties in the coal mining subsidence area by the method of in-situ field monitoring and lab analysis.The results showed that compared with the treatment of non-inoculated AM fungi,inoculation of AM fungi significantly increased the mycorrhizal infection rate and the hyphal density of outside the roots.The plant height,crown height,and ground diameter of X.sorbifoliainoculation with AM fungi in July increased by31.89%,23.07%and 9.89%,respectively.Compared with the treatment of non-inoculated AM fungi,the contents of total nitrogen,available nitrogen and soil organic carbon in rhizosphere soil treated with AM fungi in September increased by 0.29 g/kg,13.0 mg/kg and 1.4 g/kg,respectively.Inoculation with AM fungi significantly increased the water content of the rhizosphere soil,total glomalin and easily extracted glomalin,while the content of available phosphorus and available potassium decreased significantly.Correlation analysis showed that there was a synergistic feedback effect between mycorrhizal infection rate,the hyphal density of outside roots and rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties.Thus,the inoculation of AM fungi promoted the growth of X.sorbifoliaand soil improvement in the coal mining subsidence area,which is of great significance to soil and water conservation,to maintain the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem in the mining area.
引文
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[12] Wright S F,Upadhyaya A.A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin,aglycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J].Plant and Soil,1998,198(1):97-107.
[13] Janos D P,Garamszegi S,Beltran B.Glomalin extraction and measurement[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(3):728-739.
[14] K9hl L,Lukasiewicz C E,Heijden M G A V D.Establishment and effectiveness of inoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils[J].Plant Cell and Environment,2016,39(1):136-146.
[15]邓胤,申鸿,郭涛.丛枝菌根利用氮素研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5627-5635.
[16] Monica I F D,Saparrat M C N,Godeas A M,et al.The co-existence between DSE and AMF symbionts affects plant P pools through P mineralization and solubilization processes[J].Fungal Ecology,2015,17:10-17.
[17]贺学礼,郭辉娟,王银银.土壤水分和AM真菌对沙打旺根际土壤理化性质的影响[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2013,33(5):508-513,519.
[18]王建,周紫燕,凌婉婷.球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白的分布及环境功能研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):634-642.
[19] Rillig M C,Ramsey P W,Morris S,et al.Glomalin,an arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal soil protein,responds to land-use change[J].Plant and Soil,2003,253(2):293-299.
[20] Rillig M C,Maestre F T,Lamit L J.Microsite differences in fungal hyphal length,glomalin and soil aggregate stability in semiarid Mediterranean steppes[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(9):1257-1260.
[2]毕银丽.丛枝菌根真菌在煤矿区沉陷地生态修复应用研究进展[J].菌物学报,2017,36(7):800-806.
[3]何新华,段英华,陈应龙,等.中国菌根研究60年:过去,现在和将来[J].中国科学:生命科学,2012,42(6):431-454.
[4]孙金华,毕银丽,王建文,等.接种AM菌对西部黄土区采煤沉陷地柠条生长和土壤的修复效应[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2300-2306.
[5] Lendenmann M,Thonar C,Barnard RL,et al.Symbiont identity matters:Carbon and phosphorus fluxes between Medicago truncatula and different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J].Mycorrhiza,2011,21(8):689-702.
[6]王瑾,毕银丽,张延旭,等.接种丛枝菌根对矿区扰动土壤微生物群落及酶活性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(8):1417-1423.
[7] Smith S E,Facelli E,Pope S,et al.Plant performance in stressful environments:Interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas[J].Plant and Soil,2010,326(1/2):3-20.
[8]谢志玉,张文辉,刘新成.干旱胁迫对文冠果幼苗生长和生理生化特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(5):948-954.
[9] Phillips J M,Hayman D S.Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection[J].Transactions of the British Mycological Society,1970,55(1):158-161.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:56-83.
[11] Jakobsen I,Abbott L K,Robson A D.External hyphae of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Trifolium subterraneum L.[J].New Phytologist,2010,120(4):509-516.
[12] Wright S F,Upadhyaya A.A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin,aglycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J].Plant and Soil,1998,198(1):97-107.
[13] Janos D P,Garamszegi S,Beltran B.Glomalin extraction and measurement[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(3):728-739.
[14] K9hl L,Lukasiewicz C E,Heijden M G A V D.Establishment and effectiveness of inoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils[J].Plant Cell and Environment,2016,39(1):136-146.
[15]邓胤,申鸿,郭涛.丛枝菌根利用氮素研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5627-5635.
[16] Monica I F D,Saparrat M C N,Godeas A M,et al.The co-existence between DSE and AMF symbionts affects plant P pools through P mineralization and solubilization processes[J].Fungal Ecology,2015,17:10-17.
[17]贺学礼,郭辉娟,王银银.土壤水分和AM真菌对沙打旺根际土壤理化性质的影响[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2013,33(5):508-513,519.
[18]王建,周紫燕,凌婉婷.球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白的分布及环境功能研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):634-642.
[19] Rillig M C,Ramsey P W,Morris S,et al.Glomalin,an arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal soil protein,responds to land-use change[J].Plant and Soil,2003,253(2):293-299.
[20] Rillig M C,Maestre F T,Lamit L J.Microsite differences in fungal hyphal length,glomalin and soil aggregate stability in semiarid Mediterranean steppes[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(9):1257-1260.