牙菌斑生物膜的形成与控制
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摘要
牙菌斑生物膜是附着于牙釉质表面,由复杂的微生物群落构成的一种聚集体。牙菌斑生物膜的形成与生长对口腔健康有着直接或间接的影响,许多研究证实口腔疾病如龋齿和牙周病都与细菌的积累及牙菌斑的形成有关。在牙菌斑生物膜形态建成过程中,牙齿表面最初的定殖菌对生物膜的微生物组成和结构至关重要,这些初级定殖菌决定了后续与之结合形成共生体的微生物种类和数量。不同的微生物组成可能在与生物膜形成相关的口腔病理状况中发挥不同的作用。因此,本文就牙菌斑生物膜的生长及控制进行综述,介绍其微生物的早期定殖和成熟过程、以及通过物理和化学方法对牙菌斑生物膜的控制,以期为了解牙菌斑生物膜的形成机制及相关口腔疾病的预防和治疗提供有价值的参考。
A plaque biofilm is an aggregate of complex microbial communities attached to the enamel surface. The formation and growth of plaque biofilms have a direct or indirect impact on oral health. Many studies have confirmed that oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases are related to the accumulation of bacteria and the formation of plaque. During the formation of plaque biofilms, the initial colonization of bacteria on the surface of the tooth is crucial for the biofilm composition and structure of the microorganisms. These primary colonization bacteria determine the type and numbert of microorganisms with which subsequent symbionts are formed. Different microbial constituents may play different roles in oral pathological conditions associated with biofilm formation. Therefore, in this paper, the growth and control of dental plaque biofilm in human oral cavities were reviewed, and the early colonization and maturation process of the biofilm and the control of dental plaque biofilm through physical and chemical methods were introduced. These contents may provide valuable information to study the formation mechanism of plaque biofilm and related oral diseases prevention and treatment.
A plaque biofilm is an aggregate of complex microbial communities attached to the enamel surface. The formation and growth of plaque biofilms have a direct or indirect impact on oral health. Many studies have confirmed that oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases are related to the accumulation of bacteria and the formation of plaque. During the formation of plaque biofilms, the initial colonization of bacteria on the surface of the tooth is crucial for the biofilm composition and structure of the microorganisms. These primary colonization bacteria determine the type and numbert of microorganisms with which subsequent symbionts are formed. Different microbial constituents may play different roles in oral pathological conditions associated with biofilm formation. Therefore, in this paper, the growth and control of dental plaque biofilm in human oral cavities were reviewed, and the early colonization and maturation process of the biofilm and the control of dental plaque biofilm through physical and chemical methods were introduced. These contents may provide valuable information to study the formation mechanism of plaque biofilm and related oral diseases prevention and treatment.
引文
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[14]Diaz PI,Zilm PS,Rogers AH.Fusobacterium nucleatum supports the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis in oxygenated and carbon-dioxide-depleted environments.Microbiology,2002,148(2):467-472.
[15]Haffajee AD,Teles RP,Patel MR,Song X,Veiga N,Socransky SS.Factors affecting human supragingival biofilm composition.I.Plaque mass.Journal of Periodontal Research,2009,44(4):511-519.
[16]Garcia SS,Blackledge MS,Michalek S,Su L,Ptacek T,Eipers P,Morrow C,Lefkowitz EJ,Melander C,Wu H.Targeting of Streptococcus mutans biofilms by a novel small molecule prevents dental caries and preserves the oral microbiome.Journal of Dental Research,2017,96(7):807-814.
[17]Rosan B,Lamont RJ.Dental plaque formation.Microbes and Infection,2000,2(13):1599-1607.
[18]Marsh PD.Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community-implications for health and disease.BMC Oral Health,2006,6(S1):S14.
[19]Aas JA,Paster BJ,Stokes LN,Olsen I,Dewhirst FE.Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity.Journal of Clinical Microbiology,2005,43(11):5721-5732.
[20]Fejerskov O.Changing paradigms in concepts on dental caries:consequences for oral health care.Caries Research,2004,38(3):182-191.
[21]Caufield PW,Griffen AL.Dental caries:an infectious and transmissible disease.Pediatric Clinics of North America,2000,47(5):1001-1019.
[22]Wang J,Feng CL,Chen WX,Cai MJ,Jian XL,Geng L,Zeng HY,Zeng JR.Clinical observation of integrated Chinese-western medicine combined with health education on chronic periodontitis.Journal of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,2015,17(4):70-72.(in Chinese)王瑾,冯崇廉,陈文雄,蔡名金,简晓岚,耿丽,曾海燕,曾剑荣.中西医结合口腔健康教育治疗慢性牙周炎疗效观察.湖北中医药大学学报,2015,17(4):70-72.
[23]Wei KK,Hu BQ.Efficacy evaluation of minocycline hydrochloride ointment in the treatment of moderate chronic periodontitis with one-stop full subgingival scaling and root planing.Journal of Oral Science Research,2014,30(5):474,478.(in Chinese)韦侃侃,胡滨青.盐酸米诺环素软膏辅助一站式全口龈下刮治和根面平整术治疗中度慢性牙周炎的疗效评价.口腔医学研究,2014,30(5):474,478.
[24]Wang PW,Gu M.Comparison of therapeutic effects of minocycline hydrochloride and metronidazole films on periodontitis.Hainan Medical Journal,2014,25(1):99-100.(in Chinese)王普武,顾明.盐酸米诺环素与甲硝唑药膜治疗牙周炎的疗效比较.海南医学,2014,25(1):99-100.
[25]Kageyama S,Takeshita T,Asakawa M,Shibata Y,Takeuchi K,Yamanaka W,Yamashita Y.Relative abundance of total subgingival plaque-specific bacteria in salivary microbiota reflects the overall periodontal condition in patients with periodontitis.PLoS One,2017,12(4):e0174782.
[26]Lamont RJ,Jenkinson HF.Oral Microbiology at a Glance.Hoboken,New Jersey:Wiley-Blackwell,2010.
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[28]Hajishengallis G,Lamont RJ.Breaking bad:manipulation of the host response by Porphyromonas gingivalis.European Journal of Immunology,2014,44(2):328-338.
[29]Kolenbrander PE,Palmer RJ,Rickard AH,Jakubovics NS,Chalmers NI,Diaz PI.Bacterial interactions and successions during plaque development.Periodontology 2000,2006,42(1):47-79.
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