近自然杉木林经营对土壤微生物量碳氮特征的影响
|
摘要
在福建农林大学西芹教学林场,比较不同近自然杉木林经营模式(老龄林、萌芽林)与对照(91年二代杉木人工林(炼山)、93年二代杉木人工林(不炼山)、天然林)的土壤微生物量碳氮(MBC、MBN)含量的差异。结果表明:近自然杉木林经营模式(老龄林、萌芽林)和天然林的各层次土壤MBC、MBN含量及其占土壤全碳(TC)和全氮(TN)的比例均高于91年二代杉木人工林和93年二代杉木人工林;土壤MBC含量与土壤MBN含量呈显著正相关;土壤MBC/MBN除在0~10 cm土层,91年二代杉木人工林略高于老龄林外,其它土层均以老龄林最高;从土壤的垂直分布特征来看,5种模式的各层次土壤MBC、MBN含量大小依次均为0~10 cm>10~20 cm>20~40 cm>40~60 cm,即呈现出土壤MBC、MBN含量随土层的加深而降低的趋势。说明近自然杉木林经营模式(老龄林、萌芽林)更有利于土壤微生物的繁殖与生长,具有较高的土壤肥力。
The differences in soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN) were compared among different management patterns of Chinese fir plantation,including near-natural patterns of old-growth forests and sprout forests and traditional management patterns of second-generation 91(controlled-burning) and 93(without controlled-burning,natural forest) in the teaching forest farm in Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.The results showed that the concentrations of soil MBC and MBN and the ratio of MBC to total carbon(TC) and that of MBN to total nitrogen(TN) were higher at all soil layers in near-natural and natural forest of Chinese fir plantation than in the second generation Chinese fir plantation 91 and 93.Soil MBC presented significantly positive correlation with soil MBN.The ratio of MBC to MBN was the highest at soil layers in the old-growth forest except at 0-10 cm soil layer in the second generation Chinese fir plantation 91.The contents of soil MBC and MBN decreased along soil depth.In sum,the management patterns of near-natural Chinese fir plantation would be more benefit for soil microbial reproduction and soil fertility.
The differences in soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN) were compared among different management patterns of Chinese fir plantation,including near-natural patterns of old-growth forests and sprout forests and traditional management patterns of second-generation 91(controlled-burning) and 93(without controlled-burning,natural forest) in the teaching forest farm in Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.The results showed that the concentrations of soil MBC and MBN and the ratio of MBC to total carbon(TC) and that of MBN to total nitrogen(TN) were higher at all soil layers in near-natural and natural forest of Chinese fir plantation than in the second generation Chinese fir plantation 91 and 93.Soil MBC presented significantly positive correlation with soil MBN.The ratio of MBC to MBN was the highest at soil layers in the old-growth forest except at 0-10 cm soil layer in the second generation Chinese fir plantation 91.The contents of soil MBC and MBN decreased along soil depth.In sum,the management patterns of near-natural Chinese fir plantation would be more benefit for soil microbial reproduction and soil fertility.
引文
[1]张成霞,南志标.土壤微生物生物量的研究进展[J].草业科学,2010,27(6):50-57.
[2]欧伟,李琪,梁文举,等.不同水分管理方式对稻田土壤生物学特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(5):53-56.
[3]JENKINSON D S,LADD J N.Microbial biomass in soil:measurement and turnover[J].Soil biochemistry,1981,415-458.
[4]黄宇,汪思龙,冯宗炜,等.不同人工林生态系统林地土壤质量评价[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(12):2199-2205.
[5]姜培坤,徐秋芳,俞益武.土壤微生物量碳作为林地土壤肥力指标[J].浙江林学院学报,2002,19(1):17-19.
[6]李淑芬,俞元春,何晟.南方森林土壤溶解有机碳与土壤因子的关系[J].浙江林学院学报,2003,20(2):119-123.
[7]孙波,张桃林,赵其国.我国中亚热带缓丘红黏土红壤肥力的演化,物理学肥力的演化[J].土壤学报,1999,36(1):35-47.
[8]VAN BRUGGEN A H C,SEMEN0V A M.In search of biological indicators for soil health and disease suppression[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2000,15(1):13-24.
[9]闫德仁,刘永军,王晶莹,等.落叶松人工林土壤肥力与微生物含量的研究[J].东北林业大学学报,1996,24(3):46-50.
[10]陈国潮,何振立,姚槐应.红壤微生物量的季节性变化研究[J].浙江大学学报,1999,25(4):387-388.
[11]DALAL RC,HENDERSON PA,GUASBY J M.Organic matter and microbial biomass in a vertisol after 20 years of zero-tillage[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1991,23:435-441.
[12]GREGORICH EG,MONREAL CM,CARTER MR,et al.Towards a minimum data set to assess soil organic matter quality in agricultural soils[J].Canadian journal of soil science,1994,74(4):367-385.
[13]俞新妥.杉木栽培学[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1996:1-8.
[14]许新桥.西方近自然林业理论研究及其应用问题探讨[J].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
[15]张鼎华,林卿.“近自然林业”经营法在马尾松人工幼林经营中的应用[A].生态农业与可持续发展——2001年生态农业与可持续发展国际研讨会论文集[C].2001,11.
[16]刘建军,余仲东,李华.油松与锐齿栎林地土壤微生物生物量初步研究[J].陕西林业科技,2001,1(2):7-10.
[17]俞益武,徐秋芳.天然林改为经济林后土壤微生物量的变化[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(5):103-105.
[18]马效国,樊丽琴,陆妮,等.不同土地利用方式对苜蓿茬地土壤微生物生物量碳,氮的影响[J].草业科学,2005,22(10):13-17.
[19]彭佩钦,吴金水,黄道友,等.洞庭湖区不同利用方式对土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(7):2261-2267.
[20]吴建国,艾丽.祁连山3种典型生态系统土壤微生物活性和生物量碳氮含量[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(2):465-476.
[21]刘圣恩,林开敏,蔡锰柯,等.近自然生态恢复条件下杉木老龄林群落优势树种种群结构与空间格局[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(3):540-546.
[22]徐清乾,许忠坤,张勰,等.近自然经营对杉木人工林生长的影响[J].湖南林业科技,2014,41(3):71-76.
[23]QUIDEAU S.A,CHADWICK O.A,TRUMBORE S.E,.et al.Vegetation control on soil organic matter dynamics[J].Organic Geochemistry,2001,32(2):247-252.
[24]CHODAK M,NIKLINSKA M.Effect of texture and tree species on microbial properties of mine soils[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2010,46(2):268-275.
[25]BOHLEN P J,GROFFINAN P M,DRISCOLL C T,et al.Plant-soil microbial interactions in a northern hardwood forest[J].Ecology,2001,82(4):965-978.
[26]THOMS C,GATTINGER A,JACOB M,et al.Direct and indirect effects of tree diversity drive soil microbial diversity in temperate deciduous forest[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(9):1558-1565.
[27]刘纯,刘延坤,金光泽.小兴安岭6种森林类型土壤微生物量的季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):451-459.
[28]MAGER D M.THOMAS A D.Extracellular polysaccharides from cya-nobacterial soil crusts a review of their role in dry land soil processes[J].Journal of Arid Environments.2011.75(2):91-97.
[29]宋长青,吴金水,陆雅海,等.中国土壤微生物学研究10年回顾[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(10):1087-1105.
[30]林启美,王华,赵小蓉,等.一些细菌和真菌的解磷能力及其机理初探[J].微生物学通报,2001,28(2):26-30.
[31]WUJ,HUANG M.,XIAO H A,et al.Dynamics in microbial immobilization and transformations of phosphorus in highly weathered subtropical soil following organic amendments[J].Plant and Soil,2007,290(1/2):333-342.
[32]张静,马玲,丁新华,等.扎龙湿地不同生境土壤微生物生物量碳氮的季节变化[J].生态学报,2014,34(13):3712-3719.
[33]张蕴薇,韩建国,韩永伟,等.不同放牧强度下人工草地土壤微生物量碳、氮的含量[J].草地学报,2003,11(4):343-346.
[34]BARDGETT R D,LEEMANS D K.The short-term effects of cessation of fertilizer applications,liming,and grazing on microbial.biomass and activity in a reseeded upland grassland soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1995,19(2/3):148-154.
[2]欧伟,李琪,梁文举,等.不同水分管理方式对稻田土壤生物学特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(5):53-56.
[3]JENKINSON D S,LADD J N.Microbial biomass in soil:measurement and turnover[J].Soil biochemistry,1981,415-458.
[4]黄宇,汪思龙,冯宗炜,等.不同人工林生态系统林地土壤质量评价[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(12):2199-2205.
[5]姜培坤,徐秋芳,俞益武.土壤微生物量碳作为林地土壤肥力指标[J].浙江林学院学报,2002,19(1):17-19.
[6]李淑芬,俞元春,何晟.南方森林土壤溶解有机碳与土壤因子的关系[J].浙江林学院学报,2003,20(2):119-123.
[7]孙波,张桃林,赵其国.我国中亚热带缓丘红黏土红壤肥力的演化,物理学肥力的演化[J].土壤学报,1999,36(1):35-47.
[8]VAN BRUGGEN A H C,SEMEN0V A M.In search of biological indicators for soil health and disease suppression[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2000,15(1):13-24.
[9]闫德仁,刘永军,王晶莹,等.落叶松人工林土壤肥力与微生物含量的研究[J].东北林业大学学报,1996,24(3):46-50.
[10]陈国潮,何振立,姚槐应.红壤微生物量的季节性变化研究[J].浙江大学学报,1999,25(4):387-388.
[11]DALAL RC,HENDERSON PA,GUASBY J M.Organic matter and microbial biomass in a vertisol after 20 years of zero-tillage[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1991,23:435-441.
[12]GREGORICH EG,MONREAL CM,CARTER MR,et al.Towards a minimum data set to assess soil organic matter quality in agricultural soils[J].Canadian journal of soil science,1994,74(4):367-385.
[13]俞新妥.杉木栽培学[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1996:1-8.
[14]许新桥.西方近自然林业理论研究及其应用问题探讨[J].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
[15]张鼎华,林卿.“近自然林业”经营法在马尾松人工幼林经营中的应用[A].生态农业与可持续发展——2001年生态农业与可持续发展国际研讨会论文集[C].2001,11.
[16]刘建军,余仲东,李华.油松与锐齿栎林地土壤微生物生物量初步研究[J].陕西林业科技,2001,1(2):7-10.
[17]俞益武,徐秋芳.天然林改为经济林后土壤微生物量的变化[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(5):103-105.
[18]马效国,樊丽琴,陆妮,等.不同土地利用方式对苜蓿茬地土壤微生物生物量碳,氮的影响[J].草业科学,2005,22(10):13-17.
[19]彭佩钦,吴金水,黄道友,等.洞庭湖区不同利用方式对土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(7):2261-2267.
[20]吴建国,艾丽.祁连山3种典型生态系统土壤微生物活性和生物量碳氮含量[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(2):465-476.
[21]刘圣恩,林开敏,蔡锰柯,等.近自然生态恢复条件下杉木老龄林群落优势树种种群结构与空间格局[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(3):540-546.
[22]徐清乾,许忠坤,张勰,等.近自然经营对杉木人工林生长的影响[J].湖南林业科技,2014,41(3):71-76.
[23]QUIDEAU S.A,CHADWICK O.A,TRUMBORE S.E,.et al.Vegetation control on soil organic matter dynamics[J].Organic Geochemistry,2001,32(2):247-252.
[24]CHODAK M,NIKLINSKA M.Effect of texture and tree species on microbial properties of mine soils[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2010,46(2):268-275.
[25]BOHLEN P J,GROFFINAN P M,DRISCOLL C T,et al.Plant-soil microbial interactions in a northern hardwood forest[J].Ecology,2001,82(4):965-978.
[26]THOMS C,GATTINGER A,JACOB M,et al.Direct and indirect effects of tree diversity drive soil microbial diversity in temperate deciduous forest[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(9):1558-1565.
[27]刘纯,刘延坤,金光泽.小兴安岭6种森林类型土壤微生物量的季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):451-459.
[28]MAGER D M.THOMAS A D.Extracellular polysaccharides from cya-nobacterial soil crusts a review of their role in dry land soil processes[J].Journal of Arid Environments.2011.75(2):91-97.
[29]宋长青,吴金水,陆雅海,等.中国土壤微生物学研究10年回顾[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(10):1087-1105.
[30]林启美,王华,赵小蓉,等.一些细菌和真菌的解磷能力及其机理初探[J].微生物学通报,2001,28(2):26-30.
[31]WUJ,HUANG M.,XIAO H A,et al.Dynamics in microbial immobilization and transformations of phosphorus in highly weathered subtropical soil following organic amendments[J].Plant and Soil,2007,290(1/2):333-342.
[32]张静,马玲,丁新华,等.扎龙湿地不同生境土壤微生物生物量碳氮的季节变化[J].生态学报,2014,34(13):3712-3719.
[33]张蕴薇,韩建国,韩永伟,等.不同放牧强度下人工草地土壤微生物量碳、氮的含量[J].草地学报,2003,11(4):343-346.
[34]BARDGETT R D,LEEMANS D K.The short-term effects of cessation of fertilizer applications,liming,and grazing on microbial.biomass and activity in a reseeded upland grassland soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1995,19(2/3):148-154.