海南吊罗山低地雨林群落特征分析
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摘要
低地雨林群落是我国热带地区重要的森林群落类型之一,在发挥热带森林的生态功能中占有重要的位置。为揭示低地雨林群落特征,在海南岛吊罗山自然保护区内,选取低地雨林设立1 ha固定样地。结果表明:群落中胸径≥3 cm的乔木树种共3 660株,分属于52科121属236种;乔木层中龙脑香科、大戟科、壳斗科占据较大的优势,其中青皮是群落的建群种,具有明显的热带分布特征;低密度种97种,占样地总树种数的41.10%;群落中植物个体数量、胸径级呈倒"J"字型,处于旺盛的发展阶段,胸径较小,结构分层不明显;吊罗山低地雨群落特征分析至少面积要达到6 400 m~2。
The lowland rainforest community is one of the important types of tropical forest communities,and plays an important role in the ecological function in China. To reveal the community characteristics of lowland rainforest, one hectare sampling plot was established in a typical lowland rainforest in Diaoluoshan Natural Reserve of Hainan island. Results showed that trees with DBH ≥ 3.0 cm were about 3 660 individuals belonging to 121 genera and 52 families. Dominant families were Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fagaceae. Vatica mangachapoi had the largest importance value and was regarded as the construction species of the community. The community had a very typical tropical plant floria characteristics.The relationship between tree individuals and DBH distribution appears a inverted "J" form, which show the community is an active and productive stage, with small trees and obvious and no obvious layers structure. The minimum sampling area to analysis community characteristics of the lowland rain community in the Diaoluo Mountains should be at least6 400 m~2. The results of the study are intended to provide theoretical basis for the construction of tropical national parks and biodiversity conservation.
The lowland rainforest community is one of the important types of tropical forest communities,and plays an important role in the ecological function in China. To reveal the community characteristics of lowland rainforest, one hectare sampling plot was established in a typical lowland rainforest in Diaoluoshan Natural Reserve of Hainan island. Results showed that trees with DBH ≥ 3.0 cm were about 3 660 individuals belonging to 121 genera and 52 families. Dominant families were Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fagaceae. Vatica mangachapoi had the largest importance value and was regarded as the construction species of the community. The community had a very typical tropical plant floria characteristics.The relationship between tree individuals and DBH distribution appears a inverted "J" form, which show the community is an active and productive stage, with small trees and obvious and no obvious layers structure. The minimum sampling area to analysis community characteristics of the lowland rain community in the Diaoluo Mountains should be at least6 400 m~2. The results of the study are intended to provide theoretical basis for the construction of tropical national parks and biodiversity conservation.
引文
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[23]陈红锋,严岳鸿,秦新生,等.海南铜铁岭热带低地雨林群落特征研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(1):103-112.
[24]许涵,李意德,林明献,等.海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林60ha动态监测样地群落结构特征[J].生物多样性,2015,23(2):192-201.
[25]安树青,朱学雷,王峥峰,等.海南五指山热带山地雨林植物物种多样性研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(6):803-809.
[26]陈伟,杨小波,李时兴,等.海南中部山区植被演变阶段植物物种多样性与群落结构多样性变化规律[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(4):784-790.
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[28]PITMAN N C A,TERBORGH J,SILMAN M R,et al.Tree species distributions in an upper Amazonian forest[J].Ecology,1999,80(8):2651-2661.
[29]PITMAN N C A,TERBORGH J W,SILMAN M R,et al.Dominance and distribution of tree species in upper Amazonian terra firme forests[J].Ecology,2001,82(8):2101-2117.
[30]卓元午,安树青,项华均,等.热带森林的低密度种及其形成与维持机制[J].生物多样性,2003,11(2):147-154.
[31]宋君.森林凋落物对环境及植物群落结构的影响[J].广东林业科技,1994,10(1):47-50.
[32]WRIGHT J S.Plant diversity in tropical forests:a review of mechanisms of species coexistence[J].Oecologia,2002,130(1):1-14.
[33]王伯荪,余世孝,彭少麟,等.植物群落学实验手册[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1996:13.
[34]李意德,黄全.对海南岛热带山地雨林植物群落取样面积问题的探讨[J].热带林业科技,1986(3):23-29.
[35]颜文洪,胡玉佳.海南石梅湾青皮林最小取样面积与物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2004,12(2):245-251.
[2]QIE L,LEWIS S L,SULLIVAN M J P,et al.Long-term carbon sink in Borneo’s forests halted by drought and vulnerable to edge effects[J].Nature communications,2017,8(1):1966.
[3]马克平,钱迎倩.生物多样性研究的现状与发展趋势[J].科技导报(北京),1995,13(1):27-30.
[4]臧润国,张志东.热带森林植物功能群及其动态研究进展[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3289-3296.
[5]王峥峰,安树青,GAMPELL G D,等.海南岛吊罗山山地雨林物种多样性[J].生态学报,1999,19(1):61-67.
[6]安树青,王峥峰,曾繁敬,等.海南吊罗山热带山地雨林植物种类多样性研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1999(6):79-84.
[7]王峥峰,安树青,朱学雷,等.热带森林乔木种群分布格局及其研究方法的比较[J].应用生态学报,1998(6):17-22.
[8]王文进,张明,刘福德,等.海南岛吊罗山热带山地雨林两个演替阶段的种间联结性[J].生物多样性,2007,15(3):257-263.
[9]李佳灵,林育成,王旭,等.海南吊罗山不同海拔高度热带雨林种间联结性对比研究[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(3):584-590.
[10]马志波,黄清麟,庄崇洋,等.吊罗山国家森林公园山地雨林板根树与板根的数量特征[J].林业科学,2017,53(6):135-140.
[11]殷云翰.吊罗山国家森林公园热带雨林不同恢复阶段群落结构与生物多样性比较研究[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(10):2347-2351.
[12]郝清玉,王贵,吕冰,等.海南岛不同海拔高度青皮林天然更新特征[J].林业资源管理,2012(5):39-45;58.
[13]黄康有,廖文波,金建华,等.海南岛吊罗山植物群落特征和物种多样性分析[J].生态环境,2007(3):900-905.
[14]黄运峰,丁易,臧润国,等.海南岛霸王岭热带低地雨林树木的空间格局[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(4):269-280.
[15]兰国玉.世界热带森林生态系统大样地定位研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2007(10):2140-2145.
[16]李意德.海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林的群落结构特征[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1997(1):18-26.
[17]张金屯.数量生态学[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2011:248-249.
[18]马钦彦.负二项分布及种群格局检验分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(3):1-5.
[19]杨小波,林英,梁淑群.海南岛五指山的森林植被Ⅱ.五指山森林植被的植物种群分析与森林结构分析[J].海南大学学报(自然科学版),1994(4):311-323.
[20]方精云,李意德,朱彪,等.海南岛尖峰岭山地雨林的群落结构、物种多样性以及在世界雨林中的地位[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):29-43.
[21]臧润国,杨彦承,蒋有绪.海南岛霸王岭热带山地雨林群落结构及树种多样性特征的研究[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(3):270-275.
[22]王伯荪,张炜银,张军丽.海南岛热带山地雨林群落物种多样性的空间格局分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2001(3):229-234.
[23]陈红锋,严岳鸿,秦新生,等.海南铜铁岭热带低地雨林群落特征研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(1):103-112.
[24]许涵,李意德,林明献,等.海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林60ha动态监测样地群落结构特征[J].生物多样性,2015,23(2):192-201.
[25]安树青,朱学雷,王峥峰,等.海南五指山热带山地雨林植物物种多样性研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(6):803-809.
[26]陈伟,杨小波,李时兴,等.海南中部山区植被演变阶段植物物种多样性与群落结构多样性变化规律[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(4):784-790.
[27]毛超.海南岛甘什岭无翼坡垒林群落结构与物种多样性[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(11):2959-2965.
[28]PITMAN N C A,TERBORGH J,SILMAN M R,et al.Tree species distributions in an upper Amazonian forest[J].Ecology,1999,80(8):2651-2661.
[29]PITMAN N C A,TERBORGH J W,SILMAN M R,et al.Dominance and distribution of tree species in upper Amazonian terra firme forests[J].Ecology,2001,82(8):2101-2117.
[30]卓元午,安树青,项华均,等.热带森林的低密度种及其形成与维持机制[J].生物多样性,2003,11(2):147-154.
[31]宋君.森林凋落物对环境及植物群落结构的影响[J].广东林业科技,1994,10(1):47-50.
[32]WRIGHT J S.Plant diversity in tropical forests:a review of mechanisms of species coexistence[J].Oecologia,2002,130(1):1-14.
[33]王伯荪,余世孝,彭少麟,等.植物群落学实验手册[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1996:13.
[34]李意德,黄全.对海南岛热带山地雨林植物群落取样面积问题的探讨[J].热带林业科技,1986(3):23-29.
[35]颜文洪,胡玉佳.海南石梅湾青皮林最小取样面积与物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2004,12(2):245-251.