Modeling water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum applied to maize growth under plastic film mulching
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摘要
Based on our previous work modeling crop growth(CropSPAC) and water and heat transfer in the soilplant-atmosphere continuum(SPAC), the model was improved by considering the effect of plastic film mulching applied to field-grown maize in North-west China. In CropSPAC, a single layer canopy model and a multi-layer soil model were adopted to simulate the energy partition between the canopy and water and heat transfer in the soil, respectively. The maize growth module included photosynthesis, growth stage calculation, biomass accumulation, and participation. The CropSPAC model coupled the maize growth module and SPAC water and heat transfer module through leaf area index(LAI), plant height and soil moisture condition in the root zone. The LAI and plant height were calculated from the maize growth module and used as input for the SPAC water and heat transfer module, and the SPAC module output for soil water stress conditions used as an input for maize growth module. We used rs, the representation of evaporation resistance, instead of the commonly used evaporation resistance r_(s0) to reflect the change of latent heat flux of soil evaporation under film mulching as well as the induced change in energy partition. The model was tested in a maize field at Yingke irrigation area in North-west China.Results showed reasonable agreement between the simulations and measurements of LAI, above-ground biomass and soil water content. Compared with the original model,the modified model was more reliable for maize growth simulation under film mulching and showed better accuracy for the LAI(with the coefficient of determination R~2= 0.92, the root mean square of error RMSE = 1.23, and the Nush-Suttclife efficiency E_(ns)= 0.87), the above-ground biomass(with R~2= 0.96, RMSE = 7.17 t·ha~(–1) and E_(ns)=0.95) and the soil water content in 0–1 m soil layer(with R~2 = 0.78, RMSE = 49.44 mm and E_(ns)= 0.26). Scenarios were considered to simulate the influence of future climate change and film mulching on crop growth, soil water and heat conditions, and crop yield. The simulations indicated that the change of LAI, leaf biomass and yield are negatively correlated with temperature change, but the growing degree-days, evaporation, soil water content and soil temperature are positively correlated with temperature change. With an increase in the ratio of film mulching area,the evaporation will decrease, while the impact of film mulching on crop transpiration is not significant. In general, film mulching is effective in saving water,preserving soil moisture, increasing soil surface temperature, shortening the potential growth period, and increasing the potential yield of maize.
Based on our previous work modeling crop growth(CropSPAC) and water and heat transfer in the soilplant-atmosphere continuum(SPAC), the model was improved by considering the effect of plastic film mulching applied to field-grown maize in North-west China. In CropSPAC, a single layer canopy model and a multi-layer soil model were adopted to simulate the energy partition between the canopy and water and heat transfer in the soil, respectively. The maize growth module included photosynthesis, growth stage calculation, biomass accumulation, and participation. The CropSPAC model coupled the maize growth module and SPAC water and heat transfer module through leaf area index(LAI), plant height and soil moisture condition in the root zone. The LAI and plant height were calculated from the maize growth module and used as input for the SPAC water and heat transfer module, and the SPAC module output for soil water stress conditions used as an input for maize growth module. We used rs, the representation of evaporation resistance, instead of the commonly used evaporation resistance r_(s0) to reflect the change of latent heat flux of soil evaporation under film mulching as well as the induced change in energy partition. The model was tested in a maize field at Yingke irrigation area in North-west China.Results showed reasonable agreement between the simulations and measurements of LAI, above-ground biomass and soil water content. Compared with the original model,the modified model was more reliable for maize growth simulation under film mulching and showed better accuracy for the LAI(with the coefficient of determination R~2= 0.92, the root mean square of error RMSE = 1.23, and the Nush-Suttclife efficiency E_(ns)= 0.87), the above-ground biomass(with R~2= 0.96, RMSE = 7.17 t·ha~(–1) and E_(ns)=0.95) and the soil water content in 0–1 m soil layer(with R~2 = 0.78, RMSE = 49.44 mm and E_(ns)= 0.26). Scenarios were considered to simulate the influence of future climate change and film mulching on crop growth, soil water and heat conditions, and crop yield. The simulations indicated that the change of LAI, leaf biomass and yield are negatively correlated with temperature change, but the growing degree-days, evaporation, soil water content and soil temperature are positively correlated with temperature change. With an increase in the ratio of film mulching area,the evaporation will decrease, while the impact of film mulching on crop transpiration is not significant. In general, film mulching is effective in saving water,preserving soil moisture, increasing soil surface temperature, shortening the potential growth period, and increasing the potential yield of maize.
Based on our previous work modeling crop growth(CropSPAC) and water and heat transfer in the soilplant-atmosphere continuum(SPAC), the model was improved by considering the effect of plastic film mulching applied to field-grown maize in North-west China. In CropSPAC, a single layer canopy model and a multi-layer soil model were adopted to simulate the energy partition between the canopy and water and heat transfer in the soil, respectively. The maize growth module included photosynthesis, growth stage calculation, biomass accumulation, and participation. The CropSPAC model coupled the maize growth module and SPAC water and heat transfer module through leaf area index(LAI), plant height and soil moisture condition in the root zone. The LAI and plant height were calculated from the maize growth module and used as input for the SPAC water and heat transfer module, and the SPAC module output for soil water stress conditions used as an input for maize growth module. We used rs, the representation of evaporation resistance, instead of the commonly used evaporation resistance r_(s0) to reflect the change of latent heat flux of soil evaporation under film mulching as well as the induced change in energy partition. The model was tested in a maize field at Yingke irrigation area in North-west China.Results showed reasonable agreement between the simulations and measurements of LAI, above-ground biomass and soil water content. Compared with the original model,the modified model was more reliable for maize growth simulation under film mulching and showed better accuracy for the LAI(with the coefficient of determination R~2= 0.92, the root mean square of error RMSE = 1.23, and the Nush-Suttclife efficiency E_(ns)= 0.87), the above-ground biomass(with R~2= 0.96, RMSE = 7.17 t·ha~(–1) and E_(ns)=0.95) and the soil water content in 0–1 m soil layer(with R~2 = 0.78, RMSE = 49.44 mm and E_(ns)= 0.26). Scenarios were considered to simulate the influence of future climate change and film mulching on crop growth, soil water and heat conditions, and crop yield. The simulations indicated that the change of LAI, leaf biomass and yield are negatively correlated with temperature change, but the growing degree-days, evaporation, soil water content and soil temperature are positively correlated with temperature change. With an increase in the ratio of film mulching area,the evaporation will decrease, while the impact of film mulching on crop transpiration is not significant. In general, film mulching is effective in saving water,preserving soil moisture, increasing soil surface temperature, shortening the potential growth period, and increasing the potential yield of maize.
引文
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2.Gardner W R.Dynamic aspects of water availability to plants.Soil Science,1960,89(2):63-73
3.Cowan I R.Transport of water in the soil-plant-atmosphere system.Journal of Applied Ecology,1965,2(1):221-239
4.Molz F J,Remson I.Extracting tern model of soil moisture use of transpiring plants.Water Resources Research,1970,6(5):1346-1356
5.Nimah M N,Hanks R J.Model for estimating soil water,plant,and atmospheric interrelations:I.description and sensitivity.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1973,37(4):522-527
6.Feddes R A,Kowalik P J,Zaradny H.Simulation of field water use and crop yield.Soil Science,1982,129(3):193
7.Hoogland J C,Feddes R A,Belmans C.Root water uptake model depending on soil water pressure head and maximum extraction rate.Acta Horticulturae,1981,36(119):123-136
8.Molz F J.Models of water transport in the soil-plant system:a review.Water Resources Research,1981,17(5):1245-1260
9.Prasad R.A linear root water uptake model.Journal of Hydrology,1988,99(3-4):297-306
10.Thom A S.Momentum,mass,and heat exchange of plant communities.Vegetation&the Atmosphere,1975,2(1):57-109
11.Bailey W G,Davies J A.The effect of uncertainty in aerodynamic resistance on evaporation estimates from the combination model.Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1981,20(2):187-199
12.de Vries F W T P.A model for simulating transpiration of leaves with special attention to stomatal functioning.Journal of Applied Ecology,1972,9(1):57-78
13.Jarvis P G.The interpretation of the variations in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance found in canopies in the field.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.Series B:Biological Sciences,1976,273(927):593-610
14.Noilhan J,Planton S.A simple parameterization of land surface processes for meteorological models.Monthly Weather Review,1989,117:536-549
15.Mao X M,Shang S H,Lei Z D,Yang S X.Study on evapotranspiration of winter wheat using SPAC model.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,32(8):7-12(in Chinese)
16.van de Griend A A,van Boxel J H.Water and surface energy balance model with a multilayer canopy representation for remote sensing purposes.Water Resources Research,1989,25(5):949-971
17.Whisler F D,Acock B,Baker D N,Fye R E,Hodges H F,Lambert JR,Lemmon H E,Mckinion J M,Reddy V R.Crop simulation models in agronomic systems.Advances in Agronomy,1986,40(1):141-208
18.Kropff M J,Spitters C J T.A simple model of crop loss by weed competition from early observations on relative leaf area of the weeds.Weed Research,1991,31(2):97-105
19.Walker G K.CERES-maize(book review).Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1987,68(3):513-514
20.Brown D M.CERES-Maize:a simulation model of maize growth and development.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1987,41(3-4):339-339
21.Peake A S,Robertson M J,Bidstrup R J.Optimising maize plant population and irrigation strategies on the Darling Downs using the APSIM crop simulation model.Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,2008,48(3):313-325
22.Yang H S,Dobermann A,Lindquist J L,Walters D T,Arkebauer T J,Cassman K G.Hybrid-maize-a maize simulation model that combines two crop modeling approaches.Field Crops Research,2004,87(2-3):131-154
23.Diepen C A,Wolf J,Keulen H,Rappoldt C.WOFOST:a simulation model of crop production.Soil Use and Management,2010,5(1):16-24
24.Hsiao T C,Heng L,Steduto P,Rojas-Lara B,Raes Dirk,Fereres E.AquaCrop-the FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water:III.parameterization and testing for maize.Agronomy Journal,2009,101(3):448-459
25.Monteith J L.Evaporation and environment.Symposia of the Society for Experimental,1965,19(19):205-234
26.Cowan I R.Transport of water in the soil-plant-atmosphere system.Journal of Applied Ecology,1965,2(1):221-239
27.Yang W C,Mao X M,Yang J,Ji M M,Adeloye A J.A coupled model for simulating water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum with crop growth.Water,2019,11(1):47
28.Mcmaster G S,Wilhelm W W.Growing degree-days:one equation,two interpretations.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1997,87(4):291-300
29.Allan J C,Kiniry J R,Dyke P T.CERES-Maize:a Simulation Model of Maize Growth and Development.US:Texas A&MUniversity Press,1986(3):49-111
30.Thornley J H M.Dynamic model of leaf photosynthesis with acclimation to light and nitrogen.Annals of Botany,1998,81(3):421-430
31.Collatz G J,Ribascarbo M,Berry J A.Coupled photosynthesisstomatal conductance model for leaves of C4plants.Australian Journal of Plant Biology,1992,19(5):519-538
32.Amthor J S.Respiration and crop productivity.Quarterly Review of Biology,1989,10(3):271-273
33.Iersel M W V,Seymour L.Growth respiration,maintenance respiration,and carbon fixation of vinca:a time series analysis.Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science American Society for Horticultural Science,2000,125(6):702-706
34.Abrecht D G,Carberry P S.The influence of water deficit prior to tassel initiation on maize growth,development and yield.Field Crops Research,1993,31(1-2):55-69
35.Hawkins R C,Cooper P J M.Growth,development and grain yield of maize.Experimental Agriculture,1981,17(2):203-207
36.Camillo P J,Gurney R J.A resistance parameter for bare soil evaporation models.Soil Science,1986,141(2):95-105
37.Choudhury B J,Monteith J L.A four-layer model for the heat budget of homogeneous land surfaces.Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1988,114(480):373-398
38.Zribi W,Aragüés R,Medina E,Faci J M.Efficiency of inorganic and organic mulching materials for soil evaporation control.Soil&Tillage Research,2015,148(3):40-45
39.Stewart J B.Measurement and prediction of evaporation from forested and agricultural catchments.Agricultural Water Management,1984,8(1-3):1-28
40.Bristow K L,Horton R.Modeling the impact of partial surface mulch on soil heat and water flow.Theoretical and Applied Climatology,1996,54(1-2):85-98
41.Wu Y,Huang F,Zhang C,Jia Z K.Effects of different mulching patterns on soil moisture,temperature,and maize yield in a semiarid region of the Loess Plateau,China.Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation,2016,30(4):490-504
42.Karandish F,Shahnazari A.Soil temperature and maize nitrogen uptake improvement under partial root-zone drying irrigation.Pedosphere,2016,26(6):872-886
43.Jabran K,Ullah E,Akbar N.Mulching improves crop growth,grain length,head rice and milling recovery of basmati rice grown in water-saving production systems.International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2015,17(5):920-928
44.Flerchinger G N,Hanson C L,Wight J R.Modeling evapotranspiration and surface energy budgets across a watershed.Water Resources Research,1996,32(8):2539-2548
45.Gusev Y M,Nasonova O N.Modelling annual dynamics of soil water storage for agro-and natural ecosystems of the steppe and forest-steppe zones on a local scale.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1997,85(3-4):171-191
46.Scott R,Entekhabi D,Koster R,Suarez M.Timescales of land surface evapotranspiration response.Journal of Climate,1997,10(4):559-566
47.Daamen C C,Simmonds L P.Measurement of evaporation from bare soil and its estimation using surface resistance.Water Resources Research,1996,32(5):1393-1402
48.Lizaso J I,Batchelor W D,Westgate M E.A leaf area model to simulate cultivar-specific expansion and senescence of maize leaves.Field Crops Research,2003,80(1):1-17
49.Warrington I J,Kanemasu E T.Corn growth response to temperature and photoperiod II.Leaf-initiation and leaf-appearance rates.Agronomy Journal,1983,75(5):755-761
50.Bano S,Aslam M,Saleem M,Basra S M.Evaluation of maize accessions under low temperature stress at early growth stages.Journal of Animal&Plant Sciences,2015,25(2):392-400
51.Igbadun H E,Ramalan A A,Oiganji E.Effects of regulated deficit irrigation and mulch on yield,water use and crop water productivity of onion in Samaru,Nigeria.Agricultural Water Management,2012,109(9):162-169
52.Ren J,Chen Z,Tang H,Zhou Q B.Regional crop yield simulation based on crop growth model and remote sensing data.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(8):257-264(in Chinese)
53.Mohammadi M,Ghahraman B,Davary K,Ansari1 H,Shahidi A.Validation of AquaCrop model for simulation of winter wheat yield and water use efficiency under simultaneous salinity and water stress.Majallah-iāb va Khāk,2016,29(1):67-84
54.Klare M T.Global warming battlefields:how climate change threatens security.Current History,2007,106(703):355-361
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