框架型棚洞承受落石冲击力的模型试验研究
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摘要
针对框架型棚洞在不同种类缓冲垫层防护下抵抗落石冲击力的力学性能,通过大比例尺室内模型试验进行了测试研究。分析了在不同种类缓冲垫层和不同冲击能量下落石冲击力的变化规律;依据试验数据和理论推导给出了反应落石平均冲击力与最大冲击力之间关系的扩大系数,改进了框架型棚洞在不同类型缓冲垫层防护下落石冲击力的计算方法。研究结果表明:改进的落石冲击力计算方法能够综合考虑影响落石冲击力大小的诸多因素;对于特定的落石冲击能量,不同类型的垫层属性所反应的落石冲击力大小实质是受到垫层属性函数f~(h,E,μ,γ)的影响,具体表现为f值越大,不同垫层种类下的冲击力扩大系数的离散性越小,反之越大。
Large scale indoor model experiment is performed to test the frame shed tunnel under the protection of different kinds of cushion embedded on tunnel roof slabs against impact force of rockfall.The changing rule of impact force induced by rockfall is analyzed according to different impact energies and different types of cushions.An enlargement coefficient reflecting the relationship between average impact force and maximum impact force is derived using experimental data and theoretical analysis,the calculation method of frame shed tunnel against impact force of rockfall under different kinds of cushion is improved.The result shows that(1) improved rockfall impact force calculation method can consider many factors that affect the rockfall impact force;(2) for the particular rockfall impact energy,the rockfall impact forces with different types of cushion properties are affected by the cushion property function f-(h,E,μ,γ),showing that the greater the value of f,the smaller the discreteness of impact force expansion coefficient with different kinds of cushion,and vice versa.
Large scale indoor model experiment is performed to test the frame shed tunnel under the protection of different kinds of cushion embedded on tunnel roof slabs against impact force of rockfall.The changing rule of impact force induced by rockfall is analyzed according to different impact energies and different types of cushions.An enlargement coefficient reflecting the relationship between average impact force and maximum impact force is derived using experimental data and theoretical analysis,the calculation method of frame shed tunnel against impact force of rockfall under different kinds of cushion is improved.The result shows that(1) improved rockfall impact force calculation method can consider many factors that affect the rockfall impact force;(2) for the particular rockfall impact energy,the rockfall impact forces with different types of cushion properties are affected by the cushion property function f-(h,E,μ,γ),showing that the greater the value of f,the smaller the discreteness of impact force expansion coefficient with different kinds of cushion,and vice versa.
引文
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[17]汪精河,周晓军,王爽,等.落石冲击下隧道明洞耗能措施研究[J].公路交通科技,2015,32(9):103-108.WANG Jing-he,ZHOU Xiao-jun,WANG Shuang,et al.Study on Energy Dissipation Measures for Open Cut Tunnel under Rockfall Impact[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2015,32(9):103-108.
[2]张群利,王全才,吴清,等.不同结构类型棚洞的抗冲击性能研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(3):73-76.ZHANG Qun-li,WANG Quan-cai,WU Qing,et al.Antiimpact Performances of Different Kinds of Shed-tunnel Structures[J].Journal of Vibration And Shock,2015,34(3):73-76.
[3]JTGD30—2004,公路路基设计规范[S].JTGD30—2004,Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades[S].
[4]铁道第二勘察设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册·隧道[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1999:141-191.Second Railway Survey and Design Institute.Railway Engineering Design Technical Manual:Tunnel[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1999:141-191.
[5]杨其新,关宝树.落石冲击力计算方法试验研究[J].铁道学报,1996,18(1):102-106.YANG Qi-xin,GUAN Bao-shu.Test and Research on Calculating Method of Falling Stone Impulsive Force[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,1996,18(1):102-106.
[6]叶四桥,陈洪凯,唐红梅.落石冲击力计算方法[J].中国铁道科学,2010,31(6):56-62.YE Si-qiao,CHEN Hong-kai,TANG Hong-mei.The Calculation Method for the Impact Force of the Rockfall[J].China Railway Science,2010,31(6):56-62.
[7]KAWAHARA S,MURO T.Effects of Dry Density and Thickness of Sandy Soil on Impact Response Due to Rockfall[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2006,43(3):329-340.
[8]LABIOUSE V,DESCOEUDRES F,MONTANI S.Experimental Study of Rock Sheds Impacted by rock Blocks[J].Structural Engineering International,1966,6(3):171-175.
[9]PICHLER B,HELLMICH C,MANG H A.Impact of Rocks on to Gravel Design and Evaluation of Experiments[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2005,31(5):559-578.
[10]叶四桥,陈洪凯,唐红梅.落石冲击力计算方法的比较研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(2):59-64.YE Si-qiao,CHEN Hong-kai,TANG Hong-mei.Comparative Research on Impact Force Calculation Methods for Rockfalls[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2010,37(2):59-64.
[11]袁进科,黄润秋,裴向军.滚石冲击力测试研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(1):49-53.YUAN Jin-ke,HUANG Run-qiu,PEI Xiang-jun.Test Research on Rockfall Impact Force[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(1):49-53.
[12]郭绍平,王全才,吴清,等.一种改进的落石冲击力计算方法[J].山地学报,2013,32(3):345-349.GUO Shao-ping,WANG Quan-cai,WU Qing,et al.An Improved Impact Force Calculation Method for Rockfall[J].Mountain Research,2013,32(3):345-349.
[13]叶四桥.隧道洞口段落石灾害研究与防治[D].成都:西南交通大学,2008:75-119.YE Si-qiao.Research on Mitigation of Rockfall Hazards at Tunnel Entrance and Exit[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2008:75-119.
[14]MURAISHI H,SAMIZO M,SUGIYAMA T.Development of a Flexible Low-energy Rock Fall Protection Fence[J].Quarterly Report of RTRI,2005,46(3):161-166.
[15]刘汉龙,董金梅,周云东,等.聚苯乙烯轻质混合土应力-应变特性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(5):579-583.LIU Han-long,DONG Jin-mei,ZHOU Yun-dong,et al.Study on the Stress-Strain Characteristics of light Heterogeneous Soil Mixed with Expanded Polystyrene[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(5):579-583.
[16]马时冬.聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料轻质填土(SLS)的特性[J].岩土力学,2001,22(3):245-249.MA Shi-dong.The Properties of Stabilized Light Soil(SLS)with Expanded Polystyrene[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(3):245-249.
[17]汪精河,周晓军,王爽,等.落石冲击下隧道明洞耗能措施研究[J].公路交通科技,2015,32(9):103-108.WANG Jing-he,ZHOU Xiao-jun,WANG Shuang,et al.Study on Energy Dissipation Measures for Open Cut Tunnel under Rockfall Impact[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2015,32(9):103-108.