井下圆球运动分析与新型试压体设计
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摘要
在油、气、水井井下作业中,圆球广泛地应用于管柱试压、坐封和分段(层)压裂等施工作业。为准确计算现场施工时圆球到达设计点时间(即候球时间),通过对圆球运动过程和受力分析得出新的候球时间计算公式,并指出圆球绕流阻力系数、圆球直径、圆球密度和压井液性能等是影响候球时间的关键因素,为优化施工设计提供了依据;同时提出了一种能减少候球和反洗球时间的新型管柱试压体设计构思,为进一步优化施工作业奠定了基础。
In the downhole operation of oil, gas and water wells, the ball is widely used for pipe pressure testing, sealing and multi-stage(layer) fracturing. In order to accurately calculate the time when the ball arrives at the design point(i. e., the waiting time), the new formula of the waiting time calculation is developed by analyzing the movement process and the forces of the ball. It is pointed out the key factors affecting the waiting time include the coefficient of resistance around the ball, the ball diameter and density, and fracturing fluid properties, which provides a basis for optimizing the construction design. At the same time, a new type of tubular pressure test body that can reduce the waiting time and backwashing time is proposed, laying the foundation for further construction optimization.
In the downhole operation of oil, gas and water wells, the ball is widely used for pipe pressure testing, sealing and multi-stage(layer) fracturing. In order to accurately calculate the time when the ball arrives at the design point(i. e., the waiting time), the new formula of the waiting time calculation is developed by analyzing the movement process and the forces of the ball. It is pointed out the key factors affecting the waiting time include the coefficient of resistance around the ball, the ball diameter and density, and fracturing fluid properties, which provides a basis for optimizing the construction design. At the same time, a new type of tubular pressure test body that can reduce the waiting time and backwashing time is proposed, laying the foundation for further construction optimization.
引文
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[2] 肖晖,李洁,曾俊.投球压裂堵塞球运动方程研究[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(5):162-167.XIAO Hui,LI Jie,ZENG Jun.Ball motion equation in the ball sealer fracturing[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition),2011,33(5):162-167.
[3] 温杰文,谢欣.投球式封隔器候球时间计算和球入座问题分析[J].钻采工艺,2016,39(3):43-45.WEN Jiewen,XIE Xin.Ball waiting time calculation of the ball-throwed packer and problem analysis of the ball into the seat[J].Drilling & Production Technology,2016,39(3):43-45.
[4] Kelessidis V C.An explicit equation for the terminal velocity of solid spheres falling in pseudoplastic liquids[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2004,59(21):4437-4447.
[5] Rooki R,Ardejani F D,Moradzadeh A,et al.Prediction of terminal velocity of solid spheres falling through Newtonian and non-Newtonian pseudoplastic power law fluid using artificial neural network[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2012:53-61.
[6] Vertchenko L,Vertchenko L.Determina??o da viscosidade por meio da velocidade terminal:uso da for?a de arrasto com termo quadrático na velocidade[J].Revista Brasileira De Ensino De Física,2017,39(4).
[7] 沈燕来,陈建武.冲砂洗井水力计算方法综述[J].水动力学研究与进展,1998,13(3):347-353.SHEN Yanlai,CHEN Jianwu.Brief review on hydraulic calculation methods of sand flushing[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,1998,13(3):347-353.
[8] M.Nozaki,D.Zhu,A.D.Hill.Experimental and field data analyses of ball-sealer diversion[J].SPE Production & Operations,2013,28(3):286-295.
[9] 由长福,祁海鹰,徐旭常.Basset力研究进展与应用分析[J].应用力学学报,2002,19(2):31-33.YOU Changfu,QI Haiying,XU Xuchang.Progresses and application of basset force[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2002,19(2):31-33.
[10] 王子振,何英明,仲冠宇,等.流水中重物运动过程的数学建模与分析[J].数学的认识与实践,2011,41(14):138-145.WANG Zizhen,HE Yingming,ZHONG Guanyu,et al.The modeling and analysis of the object’s motion in flowing water[J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2011,41(14):138-145.
[11] 卢修峰,刘凤琴.投球分压的理论验证及实例分析[J].石油钻采工艺,1993,16(3):57-62.LU Xiufeng,LIU Fengqin.The theory verification and examples analysis of steeling ball separate-layer fracturing[J].Oil Drilling & Production Technology,1993,16(3):57-62.
[12] 单定军,张劲松,代健.重物落水后运动过程的数学模型[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2011,44(6):720-725.SHAN Dingjun,ZHANG Jinsong,DAI Jian.Mathematical model of weight’s movement process after fell into water[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2011,44(6):720-725.
[13] 任安禄,李广望,邹建峰.中等雷诺数圆球绕流的数值研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2004,38(5):644-648.REN Anlu,LI Guangwang,ZOU Jianfeng.Numerical study of uniform flow over sphere at intermediate Reynolds Numbers[J].Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science),2004,38(5):644-648.
[14] 禹华谦.工程流体力学(水力学)[M].四川成都:西南交通大学出版社,2013,99-136.YU Huaqian.Engineering fluid mechanics (Hydraulics)[M].Chengdu Sichuan:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2013,99-136.
[15] 魏辽,马兰荣,朱敏涛,等.大通径桥塞压裂用可溶解球研制及性能评价[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(1):90-94.WEI Liao,MA Lanrong,ZHU Mintao,et al.Development and performance evaluation of dissolvable balls for large borehole bridge plug fracturing[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(1):90-94.
[16] 王兴文,杨建英,任山,等.堵塞球选择性分层压裂排量控制技术研究[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(1):75-76,86.WANG Xingwen,YANG Jianying,REN Shan,et al.Study on displacement control technique for ball-off separate layer fracturing[J].Drilling & Production Technology,2007,30(1):75-76,86.
[17] 盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2004.SHENG Zhenbang,LIU Yingzhong.Ship principle[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University Press,2004.
[18] 田红旗,周丹,许平.列车空气动力性能与流线型头部外形[J].中国铁道科学,2006,27(3):47-55.TIAN Hongqi,ZHOU Dan,XU Ping.Aerodynamic performance and streamlined head shape of train[J].China Railway Science,2006,27(3):47-55.
[19] 李林.鲹科鱼类游动力学特性的理论与仿真研究[D].黑龙江哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.LI Lin.The theory and simulink research of thunniform fish’s swimming mechanic[D].Harbin Heilongjiang:Harbin Institute of Technology,2008.
[20] 肖华攀,方子帆,朱陈,等.水下流线型体的结构阻力特性及其应用研究[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(6):92-96.XIAO Huapan,FANG Zifan,ZHU Chen,et al.Structural drag characteristic and application research of underwater streamlined body[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University (Natural Sciences),2013,35(6):92-96.