民间文学艺术表达司法实践发现和概念再认识——兼评《民间文学艺术作品著作权保护条例》(征求意见稿)第二条
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摘要
民间文学艺术表达的著作权保护应明确传统性和群体性要求,注重保护审美价值,而非拘泥于物质形式固定。把握民间文学艺术表达概念内涵应重点界定传承性,同时关注文化价值,放宽对集体创作方面的要求,将个人和家族纳入到创作集体范畴。结合我国社会管理特点,授权地方政府代表创作集体主张权利。民间文学艺术表达外延应将传统手工技艺表达、传统工艺美术和杂技的外在表现形式也纳入到保护范围。
The copyright protection of folk literature and art expression should clarify the traditional and collective requirements, pay attention to the protection of aesthetic value, rather than being restricted to the fixed material form. To grasp the concept and connotation of folk literature and art expression, we should focus on defining inheritance, pay attention to cultural value as well, relax the requirements on collective creation, and include individuals and families into the category of creative collective. Combined with the characteristics of social management in China, local governments should be authorized to represent creative groups to claim rights. The extension of folk literature and art expression should include the expression of traditional handicraft, traditional arts and crafts and the external expression of acrobatics, all of which should be included into the scope of protection.
The copyright protection of folk literature and art expression should clarify the traditional and collective requirements, pay attention to the protection of aesthetic value, rather than being restricted to the fixed material form. To grasp the concept and connotation of folk literature and art expression, we should focus on defining inheritance, pay attention to cultural value as well, relax the requirements on collective creation, and include individuals and families into the category of creative collective. Combined with the characteristics of social management in China, local governments should be authorized to represent creative groups to claim rights. The extension of folk literature and art expression should include the expression of traditional handicraft, traditional arts and crafts and the external expression of acrobatics, all of which should be included into the scope of protection.
引文
[1]郑成思.从“入世”及法学研究角度透视著作权法和商标法的修改[N].人民法院报,2001-11-4.
[2]赵海怡,钱锦宇.非物质文化遗产保护的制度选择———对知识产权保护模式的反思[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013(2):74-79.
[3] Tina Hart,Simon Clark and Linda Fazzani,IntellectualProperty Law[M], 6th ed. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013:142.
[4]田村善之.日本知识产权法[M]周超等译,北京:知识产权出版社,2011:422.
[5]孙新强,李伟民.Literary Works译意探源[J].知识产权.2014(1):34-38.
[6]张玉敏.民间文学艺术法律保护模式的选择[J].法商研究.2007(4):3-9.
[7]郑媛媛.作品概念不清造成的理论和实践问题———兼评《著作权法》修改草案第三稿第3条[J].知识产权.2014(2):46-50.
[8]陕西省榆林市中级人民法院(2013)榆中法民二初字第00004号民事判决书[Z].
[9]北京市高级人民法院(2003)高民终字第246号民事判决书[Z].
[10]北京市第一中级人民法院(2011)一中民终字第13010号民事判决书[Z].
[11]最高人民法院(2010)民提字第113号民事判决书[Z].
[12]青海省西宁市中级人民法院(2003)宁民三初字第3号民事判决书[Z].
[13]昆明市中级人民法院(2005)昆民六初字第64号民事判决书[Z].
[14] WIPO/GRTKF/IC/28/6:The Protection of Traditional cul-tural expressions:Draft Articles[Z].
[15] Berne Convention[Z], Articles 2(1), 2(7), 7(2).
[16]丁丽瑛.实用艺术品纳入著作权对象的原则[J].厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2004(6):38-46.
(1)由于《著作权法》第六条使用的是“民间文学艺术作品”一词,为我国研究此领域划定了一个基调,这一基调利弊明显,争议不断。在专家倡议下,本次《著作权法》修改有望将民间文学艺术作品改为民间文学艺术表达,故本文采用民间文学艺术表达一词展开讨论。
(2)王宏建.艺术概论[M].北京:文化艺术出版社,2000:114.艺术理论认为,“……最常用、最具有实践意义的分类方法,就是以创造艺术形态的材料和技法为依据,分为美术、音乐、舞蹈、文学、戏剧、影视、摄影、曲艺、杂技、建筑和园林等。”
(3)《原告白广成诉被告北京稻香村食品有限责任公司著作权权属侵权纠纷案民事判决书》,(2010)东民初字第2764号。该案例获选为2010年中国法院知识产权司法保护五十个典型案例,供各级人民法院在知识产权审判工作中参考借鉴。
(4)[Traditional]cultural expression means any form of[artistic and literary],[creative and other spiritual]expression,tangible or intangible,or a combination thereof,such as actions,materials,music and sound,verbal and written[and their adaptations],regardless of the form in which it is embodied,expressed or illustrated[which may subsist in written/codified,oral or other forms].actions:such as dance,works of mas,plays,ceremonies,rituals,rituals in sacred places and peregrinations,games and traditional sports/sports and traditional games,puppet performances,and other performances,whether fixed or unfixed.materials:such as material expressions of art,handicrafts,ceremonial masks or dress,handmade carpets,architecture,and tangible spiritual forms,and sacred places.music and sound:such as songs,rhythms,and instrumental music,the songs which are the expression of rituals.verbal:Such as stories,epics,legends,popular stories,poetry,riddles and other narratives;words,signs,names and symbols.
[2]赵海怡,钱锦宇.非物质文化遗产保护的制度选择———对知识产权保护模式的反思[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013(2):74-79.
[3] Tina Hart,Simon Clark and Linda Fazzani,IntellectualProperty Law[M], 6th ed. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013:142.
[4]田村善之.日本知识产权法[M]周超等译,北京:知识产权出版社,2011:422.
[5]孙新强,李伟民.Literary Works译意探源[J].知识产权.2014(1):34-38.
[6]张玉敏.民间文学艺术法律保护模式的选择[J].法商研究.2007(4):3-9.
[7]郑媛媛.作品概念不清造成的理论和实践问题———兼评《著作权法》修改草案第三稿第3条[J].知识产权.2014(2):46-50.
[8]陕西省榆林市中级人民法院(2013)榆中法民二初字第00004号民事判决书[Z].
[9]北京市高级人民法院(2003)高民终字第246号民事判决书[Z].
[10]北京市第一中级人民法院(2011)一中民终字第13010号民事判决书[Z].
[11]最高人民法院(2010)民提字第113号民事判决书[Z].
[12]青海省西宁市中级人民法院(2003)宁民三初字第3号民事判决书[Z].
[13]昆明市中级人民法院(2005)昆民六初字第64号民事判决书[Z].
[14] WIPO/GRTKF/IC/28/6:The Protection of Traditional cul-tural expressions:Draft Articles[Z].
[15] Berne Convention[Z], Articles 2(1), 2(7), 7(2).
[16]丁丽瑛.实用艺术品纳入著作权对象的原则[J].厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2004(6):38-46.
(1)由于《著作权法》第六条使用的是“民间文学艺术作品”一词,为我国研究此领域划定了一个基调,这一基调利弊明显,争议不断。在专家倡议下,本次《著作权法》修改有望将民间文学艺术作品改为民间文学艺术表达,故本文采用民间文学艺术表达一词展开讨论。
(2)王宏建.艺术概论[M].北京:文化艺术出版社,2000:114.艺术理论认为,“……最常用、最具有实践意义的分类方法,就是以创造艺术形态的材料和技法为依据,分为美术、音乐、舞蹈、文学、戏剧、影视、摄影、曲艺、杂技、建筑和园林等。”
(3)《原告白广成诉被告北京稻香村食品有限责任公司著作权权属侵权纠纷案民事判决书》,(2010)东民初字第2764号。该案例获选为2010年中国法院知识产权司法保护五十个典型案例,供各级人民法院在知识产权审判工作中参考借鉴。
(4)[Traditional]cultural expression means any form of[artistic and literary],[creative and other spiritual]expression,tangible or intangible,or a combination thereof,such as actions,materials,music and sound,verbal and written[and their adaptations],regardless of the form in which it is embodied,expressed or illustrated[which may subsist in written/codified,oral or other forms].actions:such as dance,works of mas,plays,ceremonies,rituals,rituals in sacred places and peregrinations,games and traditional sports/sports and traditional games,puppet performances,and other performances,whether fixed or unfixed.materials:such as material expressions of art,handicrafts,ceremonial masks or dress,handmade carpets,architecture,and tangible spiritual forms,and sacred places.music and sound:such as songs,rhythms,and instrumental music,the songs which are the expression of rituals.verbal:Such as stories,epics,legends,popular stories,poetry,riddles and other narratives;words,signs,names and symbols.