住宅小区配套教育设施所有权探析:优质教育资源保障的视角
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摘要
建设用地使用权的设立方式是小区配套教育设施权属认定的前提。以出让或划拨方式取得建设用地使用权,其地上建筑物分别归属受让方和国家所有。作为规范和认定住宅小区配套教育设施权属的上位法依据,《物权法》并未明确小区配套教育设施的所有权。经由法律解释和法规梳理,应由地方政府和房地产商而非业主享有配套教育设施的所有权。在法律规范确权的前提下,只有充分发挥政府的主导作用,鼓励房地产商投入,探索业主委员会参与学校管理的有效途径,才能持续保障住宅小区优质教育资源的供给。
The method of establishment of the right to use construction land is the premise of the identification of the ownership of educational facilities in the community. The right to use construction land is obtained by means of transfer or allot, and the aboveground buildings are owned by the transferee and the state. As the upper-level law and basic legal basis for standardizing and determining the ownership of supporting educational facilities in residential quarters, the Real Right Law does not clarify the ownership of supporting educational facilities in the community. Through legal interpretation and statute comb, the local government and real estate developers, rather than the owners, should have ownership of the supporting educational facilities. In order to consistently guarantee the supply of quality educational resources in residential communities, the government, who must play the leading role, should explore effective ways for real estate developers to invest and for owners' committees to participate in school management, with the premise of legal norms ascertaining the right.
The method of establishment of the right to use construction land is the premise of the identification of the ownership of educational facilities in the community. The right to use construction land is obtained by means of transfer or allot, and the aboveground buildings are owned by the transferee and the state. As the upper-level law and basic legal basis for standardizing and determining the ownership of supporting educational facilities in residential quarters, the Real Right Law does not clarify the ownership of supporting educational facilities in the community. Through legal interpretation and statute comb, the local government and real estate developers, rather than the owners, should have ownership of the supporting educational facilities. In order to consistently guarantee the supply of quality educational resources in residential communities, the government, who must play the leading role, should explore effective ways for real estate developers to invest and for owners' committees to participate in school management, with the premise of legal norms ascertaining the right.
引文
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[3]王利明.物权法研究(修订版)下卷[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:95.
[4][6]温世扬.物权法要义[M].北京:法律出版社,2007:186,186.
[5][7][19]江平.中国物权法教程[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2007:335,335,248.
[8]张文显.法理学(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社、北京大学出版社,2011:69.
[9]马新福.法理学[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,1997:229.
[10]殷鼎.理解的命运[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1988:145.
[11][16]沈宗灵.法理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999:536,547.
[12][13][14][17][20]王利明.物权法研究(修订版)上卷[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:105,595,599,395,587.
[15]崔建远.物权法(第二版)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2010:197.
[18]法律出版社法规中心.中华人民共和国物权法典:应用版[M].北京:法律出版社,2014:21.
[21]全国人大常委会法制工作委员会民法室.物权法条文说明、立法理由及相关规定[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007:266.
[22]市政府办公厅.广州市居住区配套公共服务设施管理暂行规定[EB/OL].http://www.gz.gov.cn/gzgov/s8263/201602/55730e8059224ef6afdab5266aee3c28.shtml.2016-01-18.
[23]北京市人民政府.北京市居住公共服务设施配置指标实施意见[EB/OL].http://zhengce.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/197/1861/1921/1005141/60686/index.html.2015-02-02.
[24]北京市人民政府办公厅.北京市人民政府办公厅转发市教委等部门关于加强本市居住区配套教育设施规划建设管理意见的通知[EB/OL].http://zhengce.beijing.gov.cn/zfwj/25/27/421255/15011/index.html.2013-8-07.
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[30]陈耀东.论业主委员会作为非法人组织的法律地位[J].社会治理,2017,(7):42-48.
[31]陈其象.最高人民法院关于金湖新村业主委员会是否具备民事诉讼主体资格请示一案的复函[EB/OL].http://ms.isheng.net/index.php?docview-2576-%E8%AF%89%E8%AE%BC%E4%B8%BB%E4%BD%93.2003-8-20.