葛采收加工过程及深加工过程废弃物的资源化利用现状与策略探讨
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摘要
葛在我国资源丰富、分布极广,作为我国传统药用植物资源已有近两千年的临床应用历史。由于葛药食两用的特性,目前已广泛应用于药品、食品、化妆品等领域,据统计,我国葛资源(栽培和野生)约40 hm~2左右,年产量在150万t以上,同时,在葛采收加工过程中产生的非药用部位(藤茎、叶、花等)及深加工产业化过程产生的固体废弃物药渣等均未被有效利用而废弃,造成环境污染和资源浪费。基于中药资源的综合利用及中药资源产业的可持续发展思路,本文通过查阅国内外相关文献,并进行归纳、分析和总结。针对我国葛资源种类及分布,以及采收加工过程及深加工产业化过程中产生的藤茎、叶、花和药渣等废弃物的研究与综合利用作一综述,以期为构建葛资源循环经济和绿色产业发展提供参考。
Pueraria,a traditional medicinal plant resource that has been used for nearly two thousand years in China,which is rich in resources and widely distributed.Pueraria nowadays has been widely used in medicine,food,cosmetics and other fields because of its characteristics of dual-use.According to statistics,the area of Pueraria in China(cultivated and wild)is about 40 hm~2,and the annual output is more than 1.5 million tons,meanwhile,the non-medicinal parts of Pueraria lovaris and drug residue that produced in the harvesting process and deep processing usually be discarded without effectively used,which causing the pollution of ecological environment and serious waste of resources.Based on the comprehensive utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources and the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine resources industry,this paper reviewed,analyzed and summarized the relevant literature both at home and abroad.Species and distribution of Pueraria in China and the research and comprehensive utilization of waste materials such as caulis,leaf,flower and medicine residue produced during the harvesting process and deep processing are reviewed.Therefore it provides reference for improving the research and development depth,environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of Pueraria.
Pueraria,a traditional medicinal plant resource that has been used for nearly two thousand years in China,which is rich in resources and widely distributed.Pueraria nowadays has been widely used in medicine,food,cosmetics and other fields because of its characteristics of dual-use.According to statistics,the area of Pueraria in China(cultivated and wild)is about 40 hm~2,and the annual output is more than 1.5 million tons,meanwhile,the non-medicinal parts of Pueraria lovaris and drug residue that produced in the harvesting process and deep processing usually be discarded without effectively used,which causing the pollution of ecological environment and serious waste of resources.Based on the comprehensive utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources and the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine resources industry,this paper reviewed,analyzed and summarized the relevant literature both at home and abroad.Species and distribution of Pueraria in China and the research and comprehensive utilization of waste materials such as caulis,leaf,flower and medicine residue produced during the harvesting process and deep processing are reviewed.Therefore it provides reference for improving the research and development depth,environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of Pueraria.
引文
[1] 张德武,任燕,戴胜军,等.野葛藤中的异黄酮类化合物[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(24):3217-3220.
[2] 朱校奇,周佳民,黄艳宁,等.中国葛资源及其利用[J].亚热带农业研究,2011,7(4):230-234.
[3] MOCAN A,CARRADORI S,LOCATELLI M,et al.Bioactive isoflavones from Pueraria lobata root and starch:Different extraction techniques and carbonic anhydrase inhibition[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2018(112):441-447.
[4] 李玲,全沁果,沈艳欣,等.野葛藤地上部分葛根素的提取及稳定性研究[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(9):235-239.
[5] WANG X L,JIAO F R,YU M,et al.Constituents with potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Pueraria lobata(Willd.)ohwi.[J].Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2017,27(9):1993-1998.
[6] 吴超,徐凌刚,何杭生,等.葛叶、葛蔓总黄酮化合物提取的优化设计[J].食品研究与开发,2012,33(11):25-28.
[7] 赵路,关琴笑,路丽,等.UHPLC法同时测定不同产地葛根中5种活性成分的含量[J].中药材,2015,38(3):473-475.
[8] 裴莉昕,纪宝玉,陈随清.不同采收期葛根中总黄酮含量的动态变化研究[J].中国医药导报,2017,14(19):28-30.
[9] 杨旭东,王爱勤,何龙飞.葛根种质资源及其开发利用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(24):11-16.
[10] ZHANG Z,LAM T N,ZUO Z.Radix puerariae:an overview of its chemistry,pharmacology,pharmacokinetics,and clinical use[J].J Pharmacol Clin Toxicol,2013,53(8):787-811.
[11] HE X Z,BLOUNT J W,GE S J,et al.A genomic approach to isoflavone biosynthesis in kudzu(Pueraria lobata)[J].Planta,2011,233(4):843-855.
[12] MUN S C,MUN G S.Dynamics of phytoestrogen,isoflavonoids,and its isolation from stems of Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi growing in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea[J].J Food Drug Anal,2015,23(3):538-544.
[13] 周红英,王建华,闫凤云.RP-HPLC分离测定甘葛藤茎叶中葛根素、大豆苷和大豆苷元的含量[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(10):937-939.
[14] 张杰,常义生,曾铖,等.葛花化学成分[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(23):65-67.
[15] 王胜鹏,陈美婉,王一涛,等.葛花化学成分和药理活性研究进展[J].中药药理与临床,2012,28(2):194-197.
[16] 常欣,袁园,谢媛媛,等.粉葛花黄酮类化学成分研究[J].中国药物化学杂志,2009,19(4):284-287.
[17] 黄彤,李丽华,刘蕾,等.纤维素酶预处理对葛渣异黄酮提取的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2013.31(1):42-48.
[18] TAO Z.Puerarin inhibits cardiac fibrosis via monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP)-1 and the transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)pathway in myocardial infarction mice[J].Am J Transl Res,2016,8(10):4425-4433.
[19] SANG C,ZHANG Y,CHEN F,et al.Tumor necrosis factor alpha suppresses osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by inhibiting semaphorin 3B via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in estrogen-deficiency induced osteoporosis[J].Bone,2016,84(1):78-87.
[20] 仰玲玲,吴向阳,仰榴青.野葛藤地上部分挥发油成分分析和抗氧化活性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(2):568-271.
[21] 李琳,唐汉军,单杨,等.栽培粉葛藤蔓的营养成分特性及其安全性评价[J].食品与机械,2014,30(3):64-68,173.
[22] 田国政.葛不同品种成分的比较研究[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(6):1051-1051,1066.
[23] 何美军,廖朝林,王华,等.野葛叶蛋白质提取工艺研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(10):2298-2300.
[24] 邬开模,林世锋,邬国栋.葛叶复合红茶及其制作工艺研究[J].农产品加工,2016(3):37-39.
[25] 韩萍,刘利娥,刘洁,等.野生葛不同部位铜、锌、铁、钙、镁含量测定[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(9):1507-1509.
[26] 魏文恺,郝建平,王峰,等.响应面法优化野葛叶中叶绿素超声波提取工艺[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(11):202-206.
[27] 陈平,蒋世翠,雷燕,等.药用植物葛的研究进展及综合开发利用[J].海峡药学,2012,24(9):25-27.
[28] 郁建华.葛蔓葛叶茶:中国,CN1857094A[P].2006-11-8.
[29] 何美军,廖朝林,王华,等.一种野葛叶蛋白的制备方法:中国,CN101984839A[P].2011-3-16.
[30] 潘玲玲,任江剑,江建铭.野葛葛根素积累动态的研究[J].中国现代中药,2011,13(9):15-17.
[31] 吴庆玲,许缘巧,章琼蕾.葛叶的研究进展[J].科技创新与应用,2016(11):62-63.
[32] 王旭,陈绍红,钟赣生,等.葛花、枳椇子配伍对慢性酒精性肝损伤大鼠海马7种单胺类神经递质及代谢产物含量水平的影响[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(5):558-594.
[33] 饶先军,陈艳秋,彭莘.一种桂圆花生养生葛花茶:中国,CN104824264A[P].2015-8-12.
[34] 张志强,孟欣桐,苗明三.葛花的现代研究与思考[J].中医学报,2016,31(223):1957-1960.
[35] 梅新,施建斌,蔡沙,等.葛渣曲奇饼干的研制[J].粮油食品科技,2015,23(5):27-31.
[36] 王勇,江新华,张兴奎.利用葛根废渣栽培猴头菇技术[J].食用菌,2017(2):49-50.
[37] 谭小燕,王毅,贾晗,等.野葛葛粉与总黄酮连续提取工艺研究[J].中国现代中药,2014,16(6):475-477,509.
[38] 付小果,汪卫东,陈洪章.汽爆处理后葛根总黄酮的提取:中国,CN101190255A[P].2006-11-22.
[39] 孙术国,麻成金,黄群,等.高速剪切与微波辅助偶联提取鲜葛中葛根素[J].食品科学,2009,30(22):50-53.
[40] 段金廒.中药废弃物的资源化利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.
[2] 朱校奇,周佳民,黄艳宁,等.中国葛资源及其利用[J].亚热带农业研究,2011,7(4):230-234.
[3] MOCAN A,CARRADORI S,LOCATELLI M,et al.Bioactive isoflavones from Pueraria lobata root and starch:Different extraction techniques and carbonic anhydrase inhibition[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2018(112):441-447.
[4] 李玲,全沁果,沈艳欣,等.野葛藤地上部分葛根素的提取及稳定性研究[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(9):235-239.
[5] WANG X L,JIAO F R,YU M,et al.Constituents with potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Pueraria lobata(Willd.)ohwi.[J].Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2017,27(9):1993-1998.
[6] 吴超,徐凌刚,何杭生,等.葛叶、葛蔓总黄酮化合物提取的优化设计[J].食品研究与开发,2012,33(11):25-28.
[7] 赵路,关琴笑,路丽,等.UHPLC法同时测定不同产地葛根中5种活性成分的含量[J].中药材,2015,38(3):473-475.
[8] 裴莉昕,纪宝玉,陈随清.不同采收期葛根中总黄酮含量的动态变化研究[J].中国医药导报,2017,14(19):28-30.
[9] 杨旭东,王爱勤,何龙飞.葛根种质资源及其开发利用研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(24):11-16.
[10] ZHANG Z,LAM T N,ZUO Z.Radix puerariae:an overview of its chemistry,pharmacology,pharmacokinetics,and clinical use[J].J Pharmacol Clin Toxicol,2013,53(8):787-811.
[11] HE X Z,BLOUNT J W,GE S J,et al.A genomic approach to isoflavone biosynthesis in kudzu(Pueraria lobata)[J].Planta,2011,233(4):843-855.
[12] MUN S C,MUN G S.Dynamics of phytoestrogen,isoflavonoids,and its isolation from stems of Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi growing in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea[J].J Food Drug Anal,2015,23(3):538-544.
[13] 周红英,王建华,闫凤云.RP-HPLC分离测定甘葛藤茎叶中葛根素、大豆苷和大豆苷元的含量[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(10):937-939.
[14] 张杰,常义生,曾铖,等.葛花化学成分[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(23):65-67.
[15] 王胜鹏,陈美婉,王一涛,等.葛花化学成分和药理活性研究进展[J].中药药理与临床,2012,28(2):194-197.
[16] 常欣,袁园,谢媛媛,等.粉葛花黄酮类化学成分研究[J].中国药物化学杂志,2009,19(4):284-287.
[17] 黄彤,李丽华,刘蕾,等.纤维素酶预处理对葛渣异黄酮提取的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2013.31(1):42-48.
[18] TAO Z.Puerarin inhibits cardiac fibrosis via monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP)-1 and the transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)pathway in myocardial infarction mice[J].Am J Transl Res,2016,8(10):4425-4433.
[19] SANG C,ZHANG Y,CHEN F,et al.Tumor necrosis factor alpha suppresses osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by inhibiting semaphorin 3B via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in estrogen-deficiency induced osteoporosis[J].Bone,2016,84(1):78-87.
[20] 仰玲玲,吴向阳,仰榴青.野葛藤地上部分挥发油成分分析和抗氧化活性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(2):568-271.
[21] 李琳,唐汉军,单杨,等.栽培粉葛藤蔓的营养成分特性及其安全性评价[J].食品与机械,2014,30(3):64-68,173.
[22] 田国政.葛不同品种成分的比较研究[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(6):1051-1051,1066.
[23] 何美军,廖朝林,王华,等.野葛叶蛋白质提取工艺研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(10):2298-2300.
[24] 邬开模,林世锋,邬国栋.葛叶复合红茶及其制作工艺研究[J].农产品加工,2016(3):37-39.
[25] 韩萍,刘利娥,刘洁,等.野生葛不同部位铜、锌、铁、钙、镁含量测定[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(9):1507-1509.
[26] 魏文恺,郝建平,王峰,等.响应面法优化野葛叶中叶绿素超声波提取工艺[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(11):202-206.
[27] 陈平,蒋世翠,雷燕,等.药用植物葛的研究进展及综合开发利用[J].海峡药学,2012,24(9):25-27.
[28] 郁建华.葛蔓葛叶茶:中国,CN1857094A[P].2006-11-8.
[29] 何美军,廖朝林,王华,等.一种野葛叶蛋白的制备方法:中国,CN101984839A[P].2011-3-16.
[30] 潘玲玲,任江剑,江建铭.野葛葛根素积累动态的研究[J].中国现代中药,2011,13(9):15-17.
[31] 吴庆玲,许缘巧,章琼蕾.葛叶的研究进展[J].科技创新与应用,2016(11):62-63.
[32] 王旭,陈绍红,钟赣生,等.葛花、枳椇子配伍对慢性酒精性肝损伤大鼠海马7种单胺类神经递质及代谢产物含量水平的影响[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(5):558-594.
[33] 饶先军,陈艳秋,彭莘.一种桂圆花生养生葛花茶:中国,CN104824264A[P].2015-8-12.
[34] 张志强,孟欣桐,苗明三.葛花的现代研究与思考[J].中医学报,2016,31(223):1957-1960.
[35] 梅新,施建斌,蔡沙,等.葛渣曲奇饼干的研制[J].粮油食品科技,2015,23(5):27-31.
[36] 王勇,江新华,张兴奎.利用葛根废渣栽培猴头菇技术[J].食用菌,2017(2):49-50.
[37] 谭小燕,王毅,贾晗,等.野葛葛粉与总黄酮连续提取工艺研究[J].中国现代中药,2014,16(6):475-477,509.
[38] 付小果,汪卫东,陈洪章.汽爆处理后葛根总黄酮的提取:中国,CN101190255A[P].2006-11-22.
[39] 孙术国,麻成金,黄群,等.高速剪切与微波辅助偶联提取鲜葛中葛根素[J].食品科学,2009,30(22):50-53.
[40] 段金廒.中药废弃物的资源化利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.