水平井体积压裂基质-裂缝渗流规律分析
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摘要
为了揭示水平井体积压裂流体渗流特征和优化裂缝参数,基于流体在基质改造区、未改造区、裂缝中的渗流特征,建立了一种新的水平井基质-裂缝流动模型,利用修正贝塞尔函数求得模型解析解,与现有模型和数值结果对比,验证了模型可靠性。研究了缝间距、导流能力、缝长和基质渗透率对流体渗流的影响。结果表明,缝间距越大,渗流距离越长,未改造区越大,渗流阻力越大;施工液量恒定时,产量随缝长的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势;基质渗透率越小,裂缝越趋近为无限导流裂缝。相比于改造区渗透率,裂缝之间未改造区渗透率对产量的影响更大。
In order to reveal the fluid seepage characteristics in volume fracturing of horizontal wells and obtain optimal fracture parameters,a new matrix-fracture seepage model for a horizontal well was established based on the seepage characteristics of fluid in the reformed and unreformed matrix zones and fractured zone.The analytical solution of the model is obtained by using the modified Bessel function,and the reliability of the model is verified by comparing with the existing models and numerical simulation results.The effects of fracture spacing,fracture conductivity,fracture length and matrix permeability on fluid seepage were studied.The results show that the larger the fracture spacing,the seepage distance and the unreformed zone,the greater the seepage resistance;when the fracturing fluid volume is constant,the output of the horizontal well increases first and then decreases with the increase of the fracture length;the smaller the permeability of the matrix,the closer the crack approaches the infinite conductivity crack.Compared with the permeability of reformed zone,the permeability of unreformed zone between cracks has a greater impact on production of horizontal well.
In order to reveal the fluid seepage characteristics in volume fracturing of horizontal wells and obtain optimal fracture parameters,a new matrix-fracture seepage model for a horizontal well was established based on the seepage characteristics of fluid in the reformed and unreformed matrix zones and fractured zone.The analytical solution of the model is obtained by using the modified Bessel function,and the reliability of the model is verified by comparing with the existing models and numerical simulation results.The effects of fracture spacing,fracture conductivity,fracture length and matrix permeability on fluid seepage were studied.The results show that the larger the fracture spacing,the seepage distance and the unreformed zone,the greater the seepage resistance;when the fracturing fluid volume is constant,the output of the horizontal well increases first and then decreases with the increase of the fracture length;the smaller the permeability of the matrix,the closer the crack approaches the infinite conductivity crack.Compared with the permeability of reformed zone,the permeability of unreformed zone between cracks has a greater impact on production of horizontal well.
引文
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[18] 吴奇,胥云,王腾飞,等.增产改造理念的重大变革:体积改造技术概论[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):7-12.WU Qi,XU Yun,WANG Tengfei,et al.The revolution of reservoir stimulation:an introduction of volume fracturing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(4):7-12.
[19] 奚定平.贝塞尔函数[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998:29-32.XI Dingping.Bessel Function[M].Beijing:High Education Press,1998:29-32.
[20] HAGOORT J.The productivity of a well completed with a vertical penny-shaped Fracture[J].SPE Journal,2011,16(2):401-410.
[2] 吴奇,胥云,王晓泉,等.非常规油气藏体积改造技术:内涵、优化设计与实现[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):352-358.WU Qi,XU Yun,WANG Xiaoquan,et al.Volume fracturing technology of unconventional reservoirs:connotation,design optimization and implementation[J].Petroleum Exploration & Development,2012,39(3):352-358.
[3] GRINGARTEN A,RAGHAVAN R.Unsteady-state pressure distributions created by a well with a single infinite-conductivity vertical fracture[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal,1974,4(4):347-360.
[4] GRINGARTEN A,RAMEY H.Unsteady-state pressure distributions created by a well with a single horizontal fracture,partial penetration,or restricted entry[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers,1974,5(4):327-335.
[5] CHEN C,RAJAGOPAL R.A multiply-fractured horizontal well in a rectangular drainage region[J].SPE Journal,1997,2(4):455-465.
[6] RAGHAVAN R,CHEN C,BI J A.An analysis of horizontal wells intercepted by multiple fractures[J].SPE Journal,1997,2(3):235-245.
[7] BELLO R O,WATTENBARGER R A.Modelling and analysis of shale gas production with a skin effect[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2010,49(12):37-48.
[8] MEDEIROS F,OZKAN E,KAZEMI H.Productivity and drainage area of fractured horizontal wells in tight gas reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering,2008,11(5):902-911.
[9] BROWN M L,OZKAN E,RAGHAVAN R S,et al.Practical solutions for pressure-transient responses of fractured horizontal wells in unconventional shale reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering,2009,14(6):663-676.
[10] OZKAN E,RAGHAVAN R S,APAYDIN O G.Modeling of fluid transfer from shale matrix to fracture network[C].Society of Petroleum Engineers.SPE Conference Papers.Florence:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010:19-22.
[11] 贾永禄,邓祺,聂仁仕,等.低渗透压裂井非对称区域三线性渗流模型[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(2):95-102.JIA Yonglu,DENG Qi,NIE Renshi,et al.Trilinear-flow model of fracutred well on asymmetric regions for low-permeability reservior[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition),2016,38(2):95-102.
[12] 郭小哲,周长沙.页岩气储层压裂水平井三线性渗流模型研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(2):86-94.GUO Xiaozhe,ZHOU Changsha.The trilinear seepage model for fractured horizontal well in shale gas reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition),2016,38(2):86-94.
[13] 苏玉亮,王文东,周诗雨,等.体积压裂水平井三线性流模型与布缝策略[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):435-440.SU Yuliang,WANG Wendong,ZHOU Shiyu,et al.Trilinear flow model and fracture arrangement of volume-fractured horizontal well[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(3):435-440.
[14] ZHANG Q,SU Y,ZHANG M,et al.A multi-linear flow model for multistage fractured horizontal wells in shale reservoirs[J].Journal of Petroleum Exploration & Production Technology,2017,7(3):747-758.
[15] 苏玉亮,王文东,盛广龙.体积压裂水平井复合流动模型[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):504-510.SU Yuliang,WANG Wendong,SHENG Guanglong.Compound flow model of volume fractured horizontal well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):504-510.
[16] MAO D,MILLER D S,KARANIKAS J M,et al.Influence of finite hydraulic-fracture conductivity on unconventional hydrocarbon recovery with horizontal wells[J].SPE Journal,2017,22(6):1790-1806.
[17] 赵金洲,许文俊,李勇明,等.低渗透油气藏水平井分段多簇压裂簇间距优化新方法[J].天然气工业,2016,36(10):63-69.ZHAO Jinzhou,XU Wenjun,LI Yongming,et al.A new method for cluster spacing optimization of multi-cluster staged fracturing in horizontal wells of low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(10):63-69.
[18] 吴奇,胥云,王腾飞,等.增产改造理念的重大变革:体积改造技术概论[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):7-12.WU Qi,XU Yun,WANG Tengfei,et al.The revolution of reservoir stimulation:an introduction of volume fracturing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(4):7-12.
[19] 奚定平.贝塞尔函数[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998:29-32.XI Dingping.Bessel Function[M].Beijing:High Education Press,1998:29-32.
[20] HAGOORT J.The productivity of a well completed with a vertical penny-shaped Fracture[J].SPE Journal,2011,16(2):401-410.