固体燃料催化助燃剂的研究进展
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摘要
催化助燃剂在固体燃料优化燃烧中具有改善燃烧性能、提高燃烧效率、减少污染物排放等优点。一方面,对于燃烧性能较差的固体燃料,催化助燃剂能够降低着火温度,稳定燃烧,减少硫、氮氧化物的释放;另一方面,对于结渣倾向较强的固体燃料,催化助燃剂在优化燃烧的同时还具有影响灰渣生成特性,缓解结渣结焦的作用。本文分析了固体燃料燃烧过程中存在的问题,总结了有机化合物和金属化合物等催化助燃剂及添加方式对固体燃料催化燃烧的影响,从氧传递和电子转移角度阐述了催化助燃剂的催化燃烧机理,并对未来复合催化剂及固体废弃物催化助燃研究进行了展望。
Combustion catalysts had the advantages of ameliorating combustion performance,improving combustion efficiency and reducing the pollutant discharge.On the one hand,for solid fuel with poor combustion performance,catalysts could reduce the ignition temperature,stabilize combustion and reduce the release of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides.On the other,for solid fuel with strong slagging tendencies,catalysts could optimize combustion,affect the ash generation and relieve slagging as well as coking.In this paper,the problems in solid fuel combustion were analyzed.The effects on catalytic combustion of catalysts,such as organic compounds and metal compounds,and adding modes were summarized.The catalytic mechanisms of catalysts were discussed from the theory of oxygen and electron transfers. The further developments of composite catalysts and solid wastes for catalytic combustion were on prospect.
Combustion catalysts had the advantages of ameliorating combustion performance,improving combustion efficiency and reducing the pollutant discharge.On the one hand,for solid fuel with poor combustion performance,catalysts could reduce the ignition temperature,stabilize combustion and reduce the release of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides.On the other,for solid fuel with strong slagging tendencies,catalysts could optimize combustion,affect the ash generation and relieve slagging as well as coking.In this paper,the problems in solid fuel combustion were analyzed.The effects on catalytic combustion of catalysts,such as organic compounds and metal compounds,and adding modes were summarized.The catalytic mechanisms of catalysts were discussed from the theory of oxygen and electron transfers. The further developments of composite catalysts and solid wastes for catalytic combustion were on prospect.
引文
[1]王培平,陈旺生,孟康.高炉喷吹配煤催化燃烧特性的研究[J].武汉科技大学学报,2012,35(6):432-436.
[2]Mckee D W.Mechanisms of the alkali metal catalyzed gasification of carbon[J].Fuel,2000,62(2):170-175.
[3]Badin E J.Coal combustion chemistry-correlation aspects[M].Amster:Elsev Sci Pub B.V,1999:157-159.
[4]Hedden K,Wilhelm A.Catalytic effects of inorganic substance on reactivity and ignition temperature of solid fuels[J].Germ Chem Engin,1998,25(3):142-147.
[5]樊晋元,陈鸿伟.中国动力煤的着火温度与着火热的分布规律[J].化学化工,2015,166(10):4170-4176.
[6]闵凡飞,张明旭.生物质燃烧模式及燃烧特性的研究[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(1):104-108.
[7]方江涛,廖艳芬,黄泽浩,等.中国南方典型农业生物质结渣特性实验研究[J].新能源进展,2014,2(4):275-281.
[8]鲁光武,陈海平.生物质与煤掺烧燃烧特性及动力学分析[J].电站系统工程,2013,29(4):7-11.
[9]刘豪,邱建荣,董学文,等.生物质和煤混合燃烧实验[J].燃烧科学与技术,2002,8(4):319-322.
[10]董信光,李荣玉,刘志超,等.生物质与煤混燃的灰分特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(16):118-124.
[11]杨双平,丁学锁,郑英辉.添加助燃剂对煤粉燃烧性能的影响[J].钢铁研究,2010,38(1):8-11.
[12]蒋贵仲,陈耀壮,张华西.催化燃烧催化剂的研究进展[J].轻工技术,2014,184:17-19.
[13]张和平,陈朝晖,邱明建,等.煤燃烧催化剂研究和应用进展[J].精细与专用化学品,2007,15(21):234-239.
[14]罗晔,孙思平,徐蕾,等.高炉喷煤助燃剂的催化燃烧效果及其工业应用[J].洁净煤技术,2009,16(3):56-58.
[15]Van Eyk,P.J,A.Kosminski,P.J.Ashman.Control of agglomeration and defluidization during Fluidized-Bed combustion of south australian low-rank coals[J].Energ Fuel2012,26(1):118-129.
[16]S.Q.Turn,C.M.Kinoshita,D.M.Ishimura,et al.An experimental investigation of alkali removal from biomass producer gas using a fixed bed of solid sorbent[J].Indust engin chemistry resea,2001,40(8):1960-1967.
[17]孟丽莉,付春慧,王美君,等.碱金属碳酸盐对褐煤程序升温热解过程中H2S和NH3生成的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2012,40(2):138-142.
[18].Tran K Q,Iisa K,Steenari B M,et al.A kinetic study of gaseous alkali capture by kaolin in the fixed bed reactor equipped with an alkali detector[J].Fuel,2005,84(2):169-175.
[19]Jianjun Cai,Shuzhong Wang,Cao Kuang,et al.Insight into the kinetic analysis of catalytic combustion for biomass after alkaline metals loaded pretreatment[J].Fuel,2017,203:501-513.
[20]Escobar I,Oleschko H,Wolf K J,et al.Alkali removal from hot flue gas by solid sorbents in pressurized pulverized coal combustion[J].Powd Technol,2008,180(1):51-56.
[21]许慎启,周志杰,代正华,等.碱金属及灰分对煤焦碳微晶结构及气化反应特性的影响[J].高校化学工程学报,2010,24(1):64-70.
[23]刘艳华,车得福,李荫堂,等.几种含铁化合物对煤燃烧特性的影响[J].西安交通大学学报,2000,34(9):20-24.
[24]邹兴,卢惠民,方克明.变价稀土氧化物对催化剂性能的影响[J].稀土,2000,21(02):16-18.
[25]王觅堂,李梅,柳召刚,等.稀土在催化燃烧中的应用研究进展[J].稀土,2007,28(5):104-108.
[26]张卉,郭占成,王志,等.综合热分析法研究催化剂对煤粉燃烧过程的影响[J].过程工程学报,2007,12(4):1154-1158.
[27]田君,朱百鸣,尹敬群.稀土催化劣质燃煤燃烧动力学研究[J].稀土,2002,23(2):16-19.
[28]马廷权.添加剂La2O3对钙基固硫剂高温固硫效果的影响[J].化工设计通讯,2014,40(3):88-91.
[29]公旭中,郭占成,王志.Ca-Fe-Ce系催化剂对无烟煤燃烧的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2009,37(4):421-426.
[32]Otero M,Diez C,Garcia A I..Analysis of the co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal by TG-MS[J].Bioma Bioener,2002,2(22):319-329.
[33]马保国,徐立,李相国,等.碱/碱土金属盐对高灰分煤粉燃烧的催化作用[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(9):69-72.
[34]雷士文.煤助催化燃烧技术[J].能源研究与利用,2005,(5):23-25.
[35]宣小平,岳长涛,姚强,等.以飞灰为载体的金属氧化物催化剂脱硝研究[J].环境科学学报,2003,23(1):33-38.
[36]徐万仁,杜鹤桂.催化剂对煤粉燃烧特性的影响[J].燃料化学学报,1995,23(3):272-275.
[37]欧阳德刚,罗安智.煤燃烧催化剂的研究状况与发展方向的分析[J].钢铁研究,2004,4(139):123-128.
[38]Wang S J,Wu F,Zhang G,et al.Research on the combustion characteristics of anthracite and blended coal with composite catalysts[J].Energ Instit,2014,87:96-101.
[41]Gupta S,Al-Omari Y,Sahajwalla V,et al.Influence of carbon structure and mineral association of coals on their combustion characteristics for pulverized coal injection(PCI)application[J].Metallur Mater Transa B.2006,37(3):457-472.
[42]肖健立,康华,王振阳.燃煤催化剂催化机理的探讨[J].煤炭技术,2002,21(11):73-75.
[43]齐永锋,李正明,徐亮,等.煤焦燃烧特性与其脱硝效率间的关联实验研究[J].扬州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,18(01):53-56.
[44]齐永锋,章明川,于娟.考虑热解产物组分的煤粉着火燃烧数学模型[J].上海交通大学学报,2013,47(09):1358-1362.
[45]陈伟,张宏亮,张吉范,等.生物质电站固体生物质燃料中氯含量的测定[J].化学研究与应用,2017,29(07):1083-1088.
[2]Mckee D W.Mechanisms of the alkali metal catalyzed gasification of carbon[J].Fuel,2000,62(2):170-175.
[3]Badin E J.Coal combustion chemistry-correlation aspects[M].Amster:Elsev Sci Pub B.V,1999:157-159.
[4]Hedden K,Wilhelm A.Catalytic effects of inorganic substance on reactivity and ignition temperature of solid fuels[J].Germ Chem Engin,1998,25(3):142-147.
[5]樊晋元,陈鸿伟.中国动力煤的着火温度与着火热的分布规律[J].化学化工,2015,166(10):4170-4176.
[6]闵凡飞,张明旭.生物质燃烧模式及燃烧特性的研究[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(1):104-108.
[7]方江涛,廖艳芬,黄泽浩,等.中国南方典型农业生物质结渣特性实验研究[J].新能源进展,2014,2(4):275-281.
[8]鲁光武,陈海平.生物质与煤掺烧燃烧特性及动力学分析[J].电站系统工程,2013,29(4):7-11.
[9]刘豪,邱建荣,董学文,等.生物质和煤混合燃烧实验[J].燃烧科学与技术,2002,8(4):319-322.
[10]董信光,李荣玉,刘志超,等.生物质与煤混燃的灰分特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(16):118-124.
[11]杨双平,丁学锁,郑英辉.添加助燃剂对煤粉燃烧性能的影响[J].钢铁研究,2010,38(1):8-11.
[12]蒋贵仲,陈耀壮,张华西.催化燃烧催化剂的研究进展[J].轻工技术,2014,184:17-19.
[13]张和平,陈朝晖,邱明建,等.煤燃烧催化剂研究和应用进展[J].精细与专用化学品,2007,15(21):234-239.
[14]罗晔,孙思平,徐蕾,等.高炉喷煤助燃剂的催化燃烧效果及其工业应用[J].洁净煤技术,2009,16(3):56-58.
[15]Van Eyk,P.J,A.Kosminski,P.J.Ashman.Control of agglomeration and defluidization during Fluidized-Bed combustion of south australian low-rank coals[J].Energ Fuel2012,26(1):118-129.
[16]S.Q.Turn,C.M.Kinoshita,D.M.Ishimura,et al.An experimental investigation of alkali removal from biomass producer gas using a fixed bed of solid sorbent[J].Indust engin chemistry resea,2001,40(8):1960-1967.
[17]孟丽莉,付春慧,王美君,等.碱金属碳酸盐对褐煤程序升温热解过程中H2S和NH3生成的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2012,40(2):138-142.
[18].Tran K Q,Iisa K,Steenari B M,et al.A kinetic study of gaseous alkali capture by kaolin in the fixed bed reactor equipped with an alkali detector[J].Fuel,2005,84(2):169-175.
[19]Jianjun Cai,Shuzhong Wang,Cao Kuang,et al.Insight into the kinetic analysis of catalytic combustion for biomass after alkaline metals loaded pretreatment[J].Fuel,2017,203:501-513.
[20]Escobar I,Oleschko H,Wolf K J,et al.Alkali removal from hot flue gas by solid sorbents in pressurized pulverized coal combustion[J].Powd Technol,2008,180(1):51-56.
[21]许慎启,周志杰,代正华,等.碱金属及灰分对煤焦碳微晶结构及气化反应特性的影响[J].高校化学工程学报,2010,24(1):64-70.
[23]刘艳华,车得福,李荫堂,等.几种含铁化合物对煤燃烧特性的影响[J].西安交通大学学报,2000,34(9):20-24.
[24]邹兴,卢惠民,方克明.变价稀土氧化物对催化剂性能的影响[J].稀土,2000,21(02):16-18.
[25]王觅堂,李梅,柳召刚,等.稀土在催化燃烧中的应用研究进展[J].稀土,2007,28(5):104-108.
[26]张卉,郭占成,王志,等.综合热分析法研究催化剂对煤粉燃烧过程的影响[J].过程工程学报,2007,12(4):1154-1158.
[27]田君,朱百鸣,尹敬群.稀土催化劣质燃煤燃烧动力学研究[J].稀土,2002,23(2):16-19.
[28]马廷权.添加剂La2O3对钙基固硫剂高温固硫效果的影响[J].化工设计通讯,2014,40(3):88-91.
[29]公旭中,郭占成,王志.Ca-Fe-Ce系催化剂对无烟煤燃烧的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2009,37(4):421-426.
[32]Otero M,Diez C,Garcia A I..Analysis of the co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal by TG-MS[J].Bioma Bioener,2002,2(22):319-329.
[33]马保国,徐立,李相国,等.碱/碱土金属盐对高灰分煤粉燃烧的催化作用[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(9):69-72.
[34]雷士文.煤助催化燃烧技术[J].能源研究与利用,2005,(5):23-25.
[35]宣小平,岳长涛,姚强,等.以飞灰为载体的金属氧化物催化剂脱硝研究[J].环境科学学报,2003,23(1):33-38.
[36]徐万仁,杜鹤桂.催化剂对煤粉燃烧特性的影响[J].燃料化学学报,1995,23(3):272-275.
[37]欧阳德刚,罗安智.煤燃烧催化剂的研究状况与发展方向的分析[J].钢铁研究,2004,4(139):123-128.
[38]Wang S J,Wu F,Zhang G,et al.Research on the combustion characteristics of anthracite and blended coal with composite catalysts[J].Energ Instit,2014,87:96-101.
[41]Gupta S,Al-Omari Y,Sahajwalla V,et al.Influence of carbon structure and mineral association of coals on their combustion characteristics for pulverized coal injection(PCI)application[J].Metallur Mater Transa B.2006,37(3):457-472.
[42]肖健立,康华,王振阳.燃煤催化剂催化机理的探讨[J].煤炭技术,2002,21(11):73-75.
[43]齐永锋,李正明,徐亮,等.煤焦燃烧特性与其脱硝效率间的关联实验研究[J].扬州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,18(01):53-56.
[44]齐永锋,章明川,于娟.考虑热解产物组分的煤粉着火燃烧数学模型[J].上海交通大学学报,2013,47(09):1358-1362.
[45]陈伟,张宏亮,张吉范,等.生物质电站固体生物质燃料中氯含量的测定[J].化学研究与应用,2017,29(07):1083-1088.