文蛤“万里红”和“万里2号”稚贝池塘养殖生长性能比较研究
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摘要
为筛选适宜在连云港推广的文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)新品种,课题组引进了文蛤"万里红"系列新品种(系)。通过前期的成贝试养殖,预选出"万里红"与"万里2号"的池塘养殖性能更优,但稚贝到幼贝阶段生长尚不清楚。进一步比较研究了这两种文蛤稚贝在池塘中生长性能以及季节性差异。经过1年的生长比较(2016年12月10日-2017年12月10日),结果表明,稚贝在160~220 d养殖期间,"万里2号"的壳长、壳高、壳宽和体质量都显著大于"万里红"(P<0.05);在220~280 d养殖期间,"万里红"生长性能指标又显著大于"万里2号"(P<0.05);280 d后,"万里红"各项生长性能逐渐与"万里2号"缩小差距直至趋于一致。该品种(系)受季节影响大,在连云港沿海养殖具有春冬季(11-5月)迟缓、夏秋季(5-11月)生长迅速的规律,8月份为生长顶峰期,"万里红"日均增重为"万里2号"的1.2倍。
In order to popularize new strains of hard clam Meretrix meretrix in Lianyungang,research group brought in "Wanlihong"series of new strains. The former adult shellfish test showed that the performance of"Wanlihong"and "Wanli 2"in culture pond were the best. However,the comparative study on juvenile shellfish is unknown. In this experiment,the growth performance and the effect of water temperature on juvenile M. meretrix between "Wanlihong"and "Wanli 2 "were further comparatively studied. After a year long experiment( from December 10 th of 2016 to December 10 th of 2017),the results showed that the shell length,shell height,shell width and body weight of "Wanli 2 "were significantly bigger than that of"Wanlihong"during the period of 160-220 d( P < 0. 05). In 220-280 d,the growth performance of"Wanlihong"were significantly better than that of"Wanli 2"( P < 0. 05). After 280 d,they narrowed the gap until it became uniform. Besides,the results indicated that the stains were easily affected by season and fell into a regular pattern. The regular were as follows: the juvenile shellfish grew slowly between spring and winter( From November to May),rapidly between summer and autumn( From May to november). Besides,from June to July,the daily weight gain of "Wanli 2 "( 0. 027 9 g · d~(-1)) was bigger than that of"Wanlihong"( 0. 013 5 g·d~(-1)) while the"Wanlihong"( 0. 033 2 g·d~(-1)) was bigger than that of "Wanli2"( 0. 024 0 g·d~(-1)) from August to October. What's more,the growth rate reached the peak in August,and the the daily weight gain of "Wanlihong"was 20% bigger than that of "Wanli 2". The experiment would provide scientific basis for the promotion of the new strains in Lianyungang and promote the process of local clam breeding.
In order to popularize new strains of hard clam Meretrix meretrix in Lianyungang,research group brought in "Wanlihong"series of new strains. The former adult shellfish test showed that the performance of"Wanlihong"and "Wanli 2"in culture pond were the best. However,the comparative study on juvenile shellfish is unknown. In this experiment,the growth performance and the effect of water temperature on juvenile M. meretrix between "Wanlihong"and "Wanli 2 "were further comparatively studied. After a year long experiment( from December 10 th of 2016 to December 10 th of 2017),the results showed that the shell length,shell height,shell width and body weight of "Wanli 2 "were significantly bigger than that of"Wanlihong"during the period of 160-220 d( P < 0. 05). In 220-280 d,the growth performance of"Wanlihong"were significantly better than that of"Wanli 2"( P < 0. 05). After 280 d,they narrowed the gap until it became uniform. Besides,the results indicated that the stains were easily affected by season and fell into a regular pattern. The regular were as follows: the juvenile shellfish grew slowly between spring and winter( From November to May),rapidly between summer and autumn( From May to november). Besides,from June to July,the daily weight gain of "Wanli 2 "( 0. 027 9 g · d~(-1)) was bigger than that of"Wanlihong"( 0. 013 5 g·d~(-1)) while the"Wanlihong"( 0. 033 2 g·d~(-1)) was bigger than that of "Wanli2"( 0. 024 0 g·d~(-1)) from August to October. What's more,the growth rate reached the peak in August,and the the daily weight gain of "Wanlihong"was 20% bigger than that of "Wanli 2". The experiment would provide scientific basis for the promotion of the new strains in Lianyungang and promote the process of local clam breeding.
引文
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[4]吴杨平,陈爱华,姚国兴,等.3个不同地理群体红壳色文蛤杂交的配合力分析[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(4):314-319.WU Y P,CHEN A H,YAO G X,et al.Combining ability analysis on diallel cross from three different red Meretrix meretrix populations[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(4):314-319.
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[6]张冬冬,徐官根,李晓英,等.文蛤“万里”新品种(系)生长性能养殖比较研究[J/OL].基因组学与应用生物学:1-8[2018-06-02].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1369.q.20170904.1507.006.html.ZHANG D D,XU G G,LI X Y,et al.Comparative study on growth performance of Meretrix meretrix of“Wanli”new strains[J/OL].Genomics and Applied Biology:1-8[2018-06-02].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1369.q.20170904.1507.006.html.
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[8]董志国,李家乐,郑汉丰,等.三角帆蚌三个优异群体杂交后代生长性能比较研究[J],淡水渔业,2007,37(3):17-21.DONG Z G,LI J L,ZHEN H F,et al.Comparative study on growth performance of hybrids F1of three stocks of Hyriopsis cumingii[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2007,37(3):17-21.
[9]张跃环,闫喜武,姚托,等.菲律宾蛤仔2个壳色品系群体杂交的研究[J].南方水产,2008,4(3):27-32.ZHANG Y H,YAN X W,YAO T,et al.Study on population hybridization of two shell color strains of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum[J].South China Fisheries Science,2008,4(3):27-32.
[10]顾向飞.文蛤不同壳色花纹品系生长性状和营养成分的差异分析[D].宁波:宁波大学,2014.GU X F.The variation analysis of nutrient composition and the growth trait of clams with different shell color and decorative pattern[D].Ningbo:Ningbo University,2014.
[11]官俊良.香港巨牡蛎人工育苗及其两个群体双列杂交的初步研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2015.GUAN J L.Preliminary study on artificial breeding of Crassostrea hongkongensis and dialel cross from two populations[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2015.
[12]葛建龙,李琪,于红,等.长牡蛎3种壳色家系间杂交子代生长和存活比较[J].水产学报,2015,39(3):345-352.GE J L,LI Q,YU H,et al.Comparison of growth and survival among the hybrid offspring of three different shell color families of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(3):345-352.
[13]NEWKIRK G F.Genetics of shell color in Mytilus edulis L.and the association of growth rate with shell color[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1980,47(1):892-894.
[14]邓岳文,张凌飞,杜晓东,等.华贵栉孔扇贝两种壳色群体生长和消化酶活力比较[J].广东海洋大学学报,2008(3):20-23.DENG Y W,ZHANG L F,DU X D,et al.Comparison of growth and digestive enzymes between two shell color stocks of Huagui Scallop Chlamys nobilis[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2008(3):20-23.
[15]闫喜武,张国范,杨凤,等.菲律宾蛤仔莆田群体两个壳色品系生长发育的比较[J].大连水产学院学报,2005(4):266-269.YAN X W,ZHANG G F,YANG F,et al.A comparison of growth and development of Manila Clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)from two pedigrees[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2005(4):266-269.
[16]吴杨平,陈爱华,张雨,等.文蛤红壳色选育系F-3的生长规律及模型[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(4):411-418.WU Y P,CHEN A H,ZHANG Y,et al.On the growth law and model of the selected line(F3)of red shell colored Meretrix meretrix[J].Marine Fisheries,2017,39(4):411-418.
[17]张安国,袁秀堂,杨凤影,等.温度、盐度及底质对文蛤潜砂行为的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(6):1595-1601.ZHANG A G,YUAN X T,YANG F Y,et al.Effects of temperature,salinity and sediment on the burrowing behavior of clam Meretrix meretrix[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(6):1595-1601.
[18]杨杰青,蒋玫,李磊,等.p H、盐度对文蛤呼吸与排泄的影响[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(4):406-414.YANG J Q,JIANG M,LI L,et al.Effects of p H and salinity on respiration and excretion in Meretrix meretrix[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(4):406-414.
[19]张嵩.生态因子对青蛤、文蛤的潜沙及其苗种生长与存活的影响[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2014.ZHANG S.Influence of ecological factors on burrowing behavior,larval growth and survival of Cyclina sinensis and Meretrix meretrix[D].Dalian:Dalian Ocean University,2014.
[20]曹伏君,刘志刚,罗正杰.海水盐度、温度对文蛤稚贝生长及存活的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2545-2550.CAO F J,LIU Z G,LUO Z J.Effects of sea water temperature and salinity on the growth and survival of juvenile Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(10):2545-2550.
[21]肖国强,林志华,董迎辉.文蛤不同地理群体自繁和互交F-1代的早期生长性状[J].水产学报,2010,34(2):255-263.XIAO G Q,LIN Z H,DONG Y H,et al.The growth of F1 from matings and crosses of different geographical populations of Meretrix meretrix[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(2):255-263.
[22]李凯,尹相菡,景福涛,等.海水池塘虾-蟹-贝多品种生态高效养殖实例[J].河北渔业,2017(9):31-32,35.LI K,YIN X H,JING F T,et al.An example of multi-species ecological efficient breeding of mariculture in pond of crab,shrimp and clam[J].Hebei Fisheries,2017(9):31-32,35.
[2]张安国,李太武,苏秀榕,等.文蛤养殖现状及展望[J].水产科学,2005,24(2):31-33.ZHANG A G,LI T W,SU X R,et al.Current status and prospect of Meretrix meretrix culture[J].Fisheries Science,2005,24(2):31-33.
[3]赵莎莎,刘晨晨,杨最素,等.文蛤的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(9):2617-2618.ZHAO S S,LIU C C,YANG Z S,et al.Progress in researches on Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2014,42(9):2617-2618.
[4]吴杨平,陈爱华,姚国兴,等.3个不同地理群体红壳色文蛤杂交的配合力分析[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(4):314-319.WU Y P,CHEN A H,YAO G X,et al.Combining ability analysis on diallel cross from three different red Meretrix meretrix populations[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(4):314-319.
[5]林志华,董迎辉.文蛤“万里红”[J].中国水产,2015(10):50-52.LIN Z H,DONG Y H.Meretrix meretrix(Wanlihong)[J].China Fisheries,2015(10):50-52.
[6]张冬冬,徐官根,李晓英,等.文蛤“万里”新品种(系)生长性能养殖比较研究[J/OL].基因组学与应用生物学:1-8[2018-06-02].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1369.q.20170904.1507.006.html.ZHANG D D,XU G G,LI X Y,et al.Comparative study on growth performance of Meretrix meretrix of“Wanli”new strains[J/OL].Genomics and Applied Biology:1-8[2018-06-02].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1369.q.20170904.1507.006.html.
[7]李松荣.淡水珍珠培育技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,1997.LI S R.Freshwater pearl cultivation technology[M].Beijing:Shield Press,1997.
[8]董志国,李家乐,郑汉丰,等.三角帆蚌三个优异群体杂交后代生长性能比较研究[J],淡水渔业,2007,37(3):17-21.DONG Z G,LI J L,ZHEN H F,et al.Comparative study on growth performance of hybrids F1of three stocks of Hyriopsis cumingii[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2007,37(3):17-21.
[9]张跃环,闫喜武,姚托,等.菲律宾蛤仔2个壳色品系群体杂交的研究[J].南方水产,2008,4(3):27-32.ZHANG Y H,YAN X W,YAO T,et al.Study on population hybridization of two shell color strains of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum[J].South China Fisheries Science,2008,4(3):27-32.
[10]顾向飞.文蛤不同壳色花纹品系生长性状和营养成分的差异分析[D].宁波:宁波大学,2014.GU X F.The variation analysis of nutrient composition and the growth trait of clams with different shell color and decorative pattern[D].Ningbo:Ningbo University,2014.
[11]官俊良.香港巨牡蛎人工育苗及其两个群体双列杂交的初步研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2015.GUAN J L.Preliminary study on artificial breeding of Crassostrea hongkongensis and dialel cross from two populations[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2015.
[12]葛建龙,李琪,于红,等.长牡蛎3种壳色家系间杂交子代生长和存活比较[J].水产学报,2015,39(3):345-352.GE J L,LI Q,YU H,et al.Comparison of growth and survival among the hybrid offspring of three different shell color families of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(3):345-352.
[13]NEWKIRK G F.Genetics of shell color in Mytilus edulis L.and the association of growth rate with shell color[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1980,47(1):892-894.
[14]邓岳文,张凌飞,杜晓东,等.华贵栉孔扇贝两种壳色群体生长和消化酶活力比较[J].广东海洋大学学报,2008(3):20-23.DENG Y W,ZHANG L F,DU X D,et al.Comparison of growth and digestive enzymes between two shell color stocks of Huagui Scallop Chlamys nobilis[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2008(3):20-23.
[15]闫喜武,张国范,杨凤,等.菲律宾蛤仔莆田群体两个壳色品系生长发育的比较[J].大连水产学院学报,2005(4):266-269.YAN X W,ZHANG G F,YANG F,et al.A comparison of growth and development of Manila Clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)from two pedigrees[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2005(4):266-269.
[16]吴杨平,陈爱华,张雨,等.文蛤红壳色选育系F-3的生长规律及模型[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(4):411-418.WU Y P,CHEN A H,ZHANG Y,et al.On the growth law and model of the selected line(F3)of red shell colored Meretrix meretrix[J].Marine Fisheries,2017,39(4):411-418.
[17]张安国,袁秀堂,杨凤影,等.温度、盐度及底质对文蛤潜砂行为的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(6):1595-1601.ZHANG A G,YUAN X T,YANG F Y,et al.Effects of temperature,salinity and sediment on the burrowing behavior of clam Meretrix meretrix[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(6):1595-1601.
[18]杨杰青,蒋玫,李磊,等.p H、盐度对文蛤呼吸与排泄的影响[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(4):406-414.YANG J Q,JIANG M,LI L,et al.Effects of p H and salinity on respiration and excretion in Meretrix meretrix[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(4):406-414.
[19]张嵩.生态因子对青蛤、文蛤的潜沙及其苗种生长与存活的影响[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2014.ZHANG S.Influence of ecological factors on burrowing behavior,larval growth and survival of Cyclina sinensis and Meretrix meretrix[D].Dalian:Dalian Ocean University,2014.
[20]曹伏君,刘志刚,罗正杰.海水盐度、温度对文蛤稚贝生长及存活的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2545-2550.CAO F J,LIU Z G,LUO Z J.Effects of sea water temperature and salinity on the growth and survival of juvenile Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(10):2545-2550.
[21]肖国强,林志华,董迎辉.文蛤不同地理群体自繁和互交F-1代的早期生长性状[J].水产学报,2010,34(2):255-263.XIAO G Q,LIN Z H,DONG Y H,et al.The growth of F1 from matings and crosses of different geographical populations of Meretrix meretrix[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(2):255-263.
[22]李凯,尹相菡,景福涛,等.海水池塘虾-蟹-贝多品种生态高效养殖实例[J].河北渔业,2017(9):31-32,35.LI K,YIN X H,JING F T,et al.An example of multi-species ecological efficient breeding of mariculture in pond of crab,shrimp and clam[J].Hebei Fisheries,2017(9):31-32,35.