湘江长沙综合枢纽浮游动物群落结构及水质分析
|
摘要
为探讨湘江长沙综合枢纽上下游的浮游动物群落结构分布以及水质状况,2016年1—11月对研究水域进行6次采样分析。鉴定出浮游动物共计125种,包含轮虫60种、原生动物41种、枝角类13种、桡足类11种,物种组成上以轮虫和原生动物占据优势。优势种在时间尺度以原生动物占优势,其中球形砂壳虫为研究水域全年的优势种。单因素方差分析显示,浮游动物密度在时间尺度上具显著差异(P<0.05),空间尺度不具显著性(P>0.05)。主成分分析法(PCA)显示溶解氧、氟化物、Cu、Cd、Zn含量是影响浮游动物密度变化的主要环境因子;冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,重金属仍是影响群落结构的主要污染物,有机污染较严重。生物多样性指数评价显示,研究流域水质呈轻度至中度污染,上游的水质优于下游水质,流域水质符合Ⅱ至Ⅲ类水标准。
To explore the distribution of zooplankton community structure and water quality in the upstream and downstream of the comprehensive hub of Xiangjiang river, Changsha, the samples were collected 6 times and analyzed from January 2016 to November 2016. The results showed that 125 species of zooplankton, include 60 species of rotifers, 41 species of protozoa, 13 species of cladocera and 11 species of copepods were identified. Rotifers and protozoa occupy the dominant position in species composition. The protozoa was dominant species on the time scale, and spherical sand shell was the dominant species in the water whole year. One-way analysis of variance showed significant differences in zooplankton density on time scale(P<0.05), but not on spatial scale(P>0.05). The results of principal component analysis(PCA) showed that dissolved oxygen, fluoride, Cu, Cd and Zn were the main environmental factors affecting the community structure of zooplankton. Redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that heavy metals were still the main pollutants affecting the community structure, and were heavily polluted by organic pollutants. The biodiversity index evaluation showed that the water quality of the studied watershed was slight to middle level pollution, and the water quality of the upstream watershed was better than that of the downstream,and the water quality met the class II to III water standards.
To explore the distribution of zooplankton community structure and water quality in the upstream and downstream of the comprehensive hub of Xiangjiang river, Changsha, the samples were collected 6 times and analyzed from January 2016 to November 2016. The results showed that 125 species of zooplankton, include 60 species of rotifers, 41 species of protozoa, 13 species of cladocera and 11 species of copepods were identified. Rotifers and protozoa occupy the dominant position in species composition. The protozoa was dominant species on the time scale, and spherical sand shell was the dominant species in the water whole year. One-way analysis of variance showed significant differences in zooplankton density on time scale(P<0.05), but not on spatial scale(P>0.05). The results of principal component analysis(PCA) showed that dissolved oxygen, fluoride, Cu, Cd and Zn were the main environmental factors affecting the community structure of zooplankton. Redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that heavy metals were still the main pollutants affecting the community structure, and were heavily polluted by organic pollutants. The biodiversity index evaluation showed that the water quality of the studied watershed was slight to middle level pollution, and the water quality of the upstream watershed was better than that of the downstream,and the water quality met the class II to III water standards.
引文
[1]刘健康.高级水生生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[2] BLANCHER C E. Zooplankton-trophic relationship in some north and central Florida lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,1984,109(3):251-263.
[3]彭利,罗钰.湘江长沙段沉积物重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境研究与监测,2009,22(3):1-4.
[4]刘丽,廖伏初,邓时铭,等.湘江干流水体无机氮污染现状分析[J].环境保护科学,2011,37(2):14-16,33.
[5]王士达,刘保元,杨潼.湘江的水生生物与水质污染[J].环境科学,1981(6):49-51,48.
[6]蒋昭凤,王菊芳,齐庆临.用底栖生物的变化趋势评价湘江水质污染[J].江苏环境科技,1997(4):21-25.
[7]曾亚英,王晓清,熊钢,等.湘江浮游生物资源状况的调查与分析[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,38(5):535-541,561.
[8]王晓清,曾亚英,吴含含,等.湘江干流浮游生物群落结构及水质状况分析[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(3):488-494.
[9]刘一澎.湘江长株潭库区浮游植物群落结构与环境因子关系研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.
[10]章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[11]中国科学院动物研究所甲壳动物研究组.中国动物志淡水桡足类[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[12] KOSTE W. Rotatoria[M].Berlin:Die radertiere mitteleuropas,Bd. II. gebriider borntraeger,1978.
[13]王家楫.中国淡水轮虫志[M].北京:科学出版社,1961.
[14]蒋燮治,堵南山.中国动物志节肢动物门甲壳纲淡水枝角类[M].北京:科学出版社, 1979.
[15]刘福康.原生动物学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1991.
[16]周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水微型生物图谱[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[17] SHANNON C E,WEAVER W. The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana:University of illinois press,1949.213-216.
[18]郑丙辉,田自强,张摇雷,等.太湖西岸湖滨带水生生物分布特征及水质营养状况[J].生态学报,2007,27(10):4214-4223.
[19] MARGALEF D R. Inpersproctivesi marine biology(A BuzzatiTraversoed)[M].California:University california press,1958.323-347.
[20]徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,1989,8(4):13-15.
[21] SUN J,LIU D Y,XU J,et al. The netz-phytoplanton community of the Central Bohai Sea and its adjacent waters in spring 1999[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(9):2003-2016.
[22] GB 3838-2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].
[23]张烂漫.上海市南汇大治河水质CODCr的监测评价[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2002,12(4):40-43.
[24] REYNOLDS C S. What factors influence the species composition of phytoplankton in lakes of different trophic status[J].Hydrobiologia,1998,369-370:11-26.
[25]李杰,彭福利,丁栋博,等.湘江藻类水质结构特征及对重金属的积累[J].中国科学,2011,41(8):699-677.
[2] BLANCHER C E. Zooplankton-trophic relationship in some north and central Florida lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,1984,109(3):251-263.
[3]彭利,罗钰.湘江长沙段沉积物重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境研究与监测,2009,22(3):1-4.
[4]刘丽,廖伏初,邓时铭,等.湘江干流水体无机氮污染现状分析[J].环境保护科学,2011,37(2):14-16,33.
[5]王士达,刘保元,杨潼.湘江的水生生物与水质污染[J].环境科学,1981(6):49-51,48.
[6]蒋昭凤,王菊芳,齐庆临.用底栖生物的变化趋势评价湘江水质污染[J].江苏环境科技,1997(4):21-25.
[7]曾亚英,王晓清,熊钢,等.湘江浮游生物资源状况的调查与分析[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,38(5):535-541,561.
[8]王晓清,曾亚英,吴含含,等.湘江干流浮游生物群落结构及水质状况分析[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(3):488-494.
[9]刘一澎.湘江长株潭库区浮游植物群落结构与环境因子关系研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.
[10]章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[11]中国科学院动物研究所甲壳动物研究组.中国动物志淡水桡足类[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[12] KOSTE W. Rotatoria[M].Berlin:Die radertiere mitteleuropas,Bd. II. gebriider borntraeger,1978.
[13]王家楫.中国淡水轮虫志[M].北京:科学出版社,1961.
[14]蒋燮治,堵南山.中国动物志节肢动物门甲壳纲淡水枝角类[M].北京:科学出版社, 1979.
[15]刘福康.原生动物学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1991.
[16]周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水微型生物图谱[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[17] SHANNON C E,WEAVER W. The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana:University of illinois press,1949.213-216.
[18]郑丙辉,田自强,张摇雷,等.太湖西岸湖滨带水生生物分布特征及水质营养状况[J].生态学报,2007,27(10):4214-4223.
[19] MARGALEF D R. Inpersproctivesi marine biology(A BuzzatiTraversoed)[M].California:University california press,1958.323-347.
[20]徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,1989,8(4):13-15.
[21] SUN J,LIU D Y,XU J,et al. The netz-phytoplanton community of the Central Bohai Sea and its adjacent waters in spring 1999[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(9):2003-2016.
[22] GB 3838-2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].
[23]张烂漫.上海市南汇大治河水质CODCr的监测评价[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2002,12(4):40-43.
[24] REYNOLDS C S. What factors influence the species composition of phytoplankton in lakes of different trophic status[J].Hydrobiologia,1998,369-370:11-26.
[25]李杰,彭福利,丁栋博,等.湘江藻类水质结构特征及对重金属的积累[J].中国科学,2011,41(8):699-677.