超强台风山竹近地层外围风速剖面演变特性现场实测
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摘要
利用多普勒激光雷达在琼州海峡北岸徐闻地区从2018年9月15日12:28到2018年9月17日13:53对1822号超强台风山竹外围风场进行实测,获得台风登陆前29个小时至登陆后21个小时时间范围内每隔10min一次的近地层风速剖面演变数据。总结台风远端风场演变过程的4个阶段:外围小风、登陆前强风切变、登陆后低空急流、台风远离时风速衰减;发现台风远端风场S形和反C形2种风剖面形态;总结距离台风中心230～750km范围内最大风速高度沿台风半径向外先增大后减小的趋势;发现台风登陆前远端风场平均最大风速高度约360m,平均风剖面幂指数0.41,登陆后平均最大风速高度约800m,平均风剖面幂指数0.28;验证Vickery提出的对数律修正模型对台风远端风场风剖面形态的适用性,发现该模型对反C形风剖面拟合度较好,对S形风剖面上部重现度较差。
The Doppler LiDAR was used to measure the periphery wind field of super typhoon‘Mangkhut'in Xuwen-the north shore of Qiongzhou Strait.The measurement lasted from 12:28 on September 15 th,2018 to 13:53 on September 17 th,2018,during which the evolution of wind speed profiles on the boundary layer was obtained from 29 hours before the landfall of the typhoon to 21 hours after its landfall.The evolution of wind speed profiles of the typhoon is summarized into 4 periods:low-speed-wind period,strong wind shear period before landfall,low-level jet period,and typhoon-far-away period.It is found that,there are 2 types of wind profiles which are different from monsoon:the S shape profile and anti-C shape profile;within the range of 230 km～750 km from the center of the typhoon,the maximum wind speed height increases first and then decreases with the increasing distance between the observation site and the typhoon center;the average maximum wind speed height and average power law exponent are respectively,about 360 mand 0.41 before the typhoon landfall,while the values change to800 mand 0.28 after the landfall;Vickery empirical model was used to fit the S shape profiles and the anti-C shape profiles,and the results indicate that,the Vickery model can reproduce the antiC shape of the hurricane boundary layer(i.e.low-level jet)but can not the S shape profiles.
The Doppler LiDAR was used to measure the periphery wind field of super typhoon‘Mangkhut'in Xuwen-the north shore of Qiongzhou Strait.The measurement lasted from 12:28 on September 15 th,2018 to 13:53 on September 17 th,2018,during which the evolution of wind speed profiles on the boundary layer was obtained from 29 hours before the landfall of the typhoon to 21 hours after its landfall.The evolution of wind speed profiles of the typhoon is summarized into 4 periods:low-speed-wind period,strong wind shear period before landfall,low-level jet period,and typhoon-far-away period.It is found that,there are 2 types of wind profiles which are different from monsoon:the S shape profile and anti-C shape profile;within the range of 230 km～750 km from the center of the typhoon,the maximum wind speed height increases first and then decreases with the increasing distance between the observation site and the typhoon center;the average maximum wind speed height and average power law exponent are respectively,about 360 mand 0.41 before the typhoon landfall,while the values change to800 mand 0.28 after the landfall;Vickery empirical model was used to fit the S shape profiles and the anti-C shape profiles,and the results indicate that,the Vickery model can reproduce the antiC shape of the hurricane boundary layer(i.e.low-level jet)but can not the S shape profiles.
引文
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[24]王浩,李爱群,黄瑞新,等.润扬悬索桥桥址区韦帕台风特性现场实测研究[J].工程力学,2009,26(4):128-133.WANG H,LI A Q,HUANG R X,et al.Field measurements on wind characteristics of typhoon wipha at runyang suspension bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(4):128-133.(in Chinese)
[25]CAO S,TAMURA Y,KIKUCHI N,et al.Wind characteristics of a strong typhoon[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2009,97(1):11-21.
[26]李秋胜,戴益民,李正农,等.强台风“黑格比”登陆过程中近地风场特性[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(4):54-61.LI Q S,DAI Y M,LI Z N,et al.Surface layer wind field characteristics during a severe typhoon‘Hagupit’landfalling[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(4):54-61.(in Chinese)
[27]王小松,郭增伟,袁航,等.台风“布拉万”远端风场阵风特性分析[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(8):34-41.WANG X S,GUO Z W,YUAN H,et al.Gust characteristic analysis of wind field at the periphery of typhoon‘Bolaven’[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(8):34-41.(in Chinese)
[28]罗叠峰,李正农,回忆.海边三栋相邻高层建筑顶部台风风场实测分析[J].建筑结构学报,2014,35(12):133-139.LUO D F,LI Z N,HUI Y.Field measurement and analysis of typhoon wind field on top of three adjacent high-rise buildings at seaside[J].Journal of Building Structures,2014,35(12):133-139.(in Chinese)
[29]FANG G,ZHAO L,CAO S,et al.A novel analytical model for wind field simulation under typhoon boundary layer considering multi-field correlation and height-dependency[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2018,175:77-89.
[30]WAGNER R.Comparison test of WLS200S-22(Final)[R].DTU Wind Energy,LC I-046(EN),2014:78-84.
[31]VICKERY P J,MASTERS F J,POWELL M D,et al.Hurricane hazard modeling:The past,present,and future[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2009,97(7):392-405.
[32]GRAY W M.Recent advances in tropical cyclone research from rawinsonde composite analysis[R].1981:166-180.
[2]PAN J,ZHAO L,LIANG X,et al.Wind characteristics near flat ground at and inside the periphery of strong typhoons during the landfall process[C]//14th International Symposium on Structural Engineering,2016.
[3]CHOI E C C.Characteristics of typhoons over the South China Sea[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1978,3(4):353-365.
[4]MENG Y,MATSUI,HIBI.An analytical model for simulation of the wind field in a typhoon boundary layer[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1995,56(2-3):291-310.
[5]VICKERY P J,SKERLJ P F,TWISDALE L A.Simulation of Hurricane Risk in the U.S.using empirical track model[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2000,126(10):1222-1237.
[6]KEPERT J.The dynamics of boundary layer jets within the tropical cyclone core.PartⅠ:Linear theory[J].J Atmos Sci,2001,58(58):2485-2501.
[7]KEPERT J,WANG Y.The dynamics of boundary layer jets within the tropical cyclone core.PartⅡ:Nonlinear enhancement[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,2001,58(17):2469-2484.
[8]GIAMMANCO I M,SCHROEDER J L,POWELL M D.GPSdropwindsonde and WSR-88Dobservations of tropical cyclone vertical wind profiles and their characteristics[J].Weather&Forecasting,2013,28(1):77-98.
[9]POWELL M D,VICKERY P J,REINHOLD T A.Reduced drag coefficient for high wind speeds in tropical cyclones[J].Nature,2003,422(6929):279-283.
[10]VICKERY P J,WADHERA D,POWELL M D,et al.Ahurricane boundary layer and wind field model for use in engineering applications[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology&Climatology,2009,48(2):381-405.
[11]方平治,赵兵科,鲁小琴,等.华东沿海地带台风风廓线特征的观测个例分析[J].大气科学,2013,37(5):1091-1098.FANG P Z,ZHAO B K,LU X Q,et al.Case studies on the characteristics of the coastal wind profiles of three typhoons landing along East China[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2013,37(5):1091-1098.(in Chinese)
[12]方平治,赵兵科,鲁小琴,等.台风影响下福州地区的风廓线特征[J].自然灾害学报,2013,22(2):91-98.FANG P Z,ZHAO B K,LU X Q,et al.Study on characteristics of wind profiles affected by landed typhoons in Fuzhou area[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2013,22(2):91-98.(in Chinese)
[13]HOCK T F,FRANKLIN J L.The NCAR GPS dropwindsonde[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1999,80(3):407-420.
[14]FRANKLIN J L,BLACK M L,VALDE K.GPSdropwindsonde wind profiles in hurricanes and their operational implications[J].Weather&Forecasting,2003,18(1):32-44.
[15]ZHAO L,LU A,ZHU L,et al.Radial pressure profile of typhoon field near ground surface observed by distributed meteorologic stations[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2013,122(11):105-112.
[16]SONG L L,MAO H Q,TANG H Y,et al.Observation and analysis of Guangdong coastal gales in the near-surface layer[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2004,20(6):731-736.
[17]SONG L,MAO H.Analysis on boundary layer turbulent features of landfalling typhoon[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2005,63(6):915-921.
[18]SONG L,CHEN W,WANG B,et al.Characteristics of wind profiles in the landfalling typhoon boundary layer[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2016,149:77-88.
[19]TAMURA Y,IWATANI Y,HIBI K,et al.Profiles of mean wind speeds and vertical turbulence intensities measured at seashore and two inland sites using doppler sodars[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2007,95(6):411-427.
[20]李利孝,肖仪清,宋丽莉,等.基于风观测塔和风廓线雷达实测的强台风黑格比风剖面研究[J].工程力学,2012,29(9):284-293.LI L X,XIAO Y Q,SONG L L,et al.Study on wind profile of typhoon hagupit using wind observed tower and wind profile radar measurements[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(9):284-293.(in Chinese)
[21]肖仪清,李利孝,宋丽莉,等.基于近海海面观测的台风黑格比风特性研究[J].空气动力学学报,2012,30(3):380-387.XIAO Y Q,LI L X,SONG L L,et al.Study on wind characteristics of typhoon Hagupit based on offshore sea surface measurements[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2012,30(3):380-387.(in Chinese)
[22]王澈泉,李正农,胡佳星,等.城市地貌高空台风特性及湍流积分尺度的研究[J].空气动力学学报,2017,35(6):801-806.WANG C Q,LI Z N,HU J X,et al.Study on typhoon characteristics at high urban landform altitude and turbulence integral length scale[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2017,35(6):801-806.(in Chinese)
[23]胡尚瑜,聂功恒,李秋胜.近海岸强风风场特性现场实测研究[J].空气动力学学报,2017,35(2):242-250.HU S Y,NIE G H,LI Q S.Field measurement study on wind characteristics of strong windstorm in coastal terrain[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2017,35(2):242-250.(in Chinese)
[24]王浩,李爱群,黄瑞新,等.润扬悬索桥桥址区韦帕台风特性现场实测研究[J].工程力学,2009,26(4):128-133.WANG H,LI A Q,HUANG R X,et al.Field measurements on wind characteristics of typhoon wipha at runyang suspension bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(4):128-133.(in Chinese)
[25]CAO S,TAMURA Y,KIKUCHI N,et al.Wind characteristics of a strong typhoon[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2009,97(1):11-21.
[26]李秋胜,戴益民,李正农,等.强台风“黑格比”登陆过程中近地风场特性[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(4):54-61.LI Q S,DAI Y M,LI Z N,et al.Surface layer wind field characteristics during a severe typhoon‘Hagupit’landfalling[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(4):54-61.(in Chinese)
[27]王小松,郭增伟,袁航,等.台风“布拉万”远端风场阵风特性分析[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(8):34-41.WANG X S,GUO Z W,YUAN H,et al.Gust characteristic analysis of wind field at the periphery of typhoon‘Bolaven’[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(8):34-41.(in Chinese)
[28]罗叠峰,李正农,回忆.海边三栋相邻高层建筑顶部台风风场实测分析[J].建筑结构学报,2014,35(12):133-139.LUO D F,LI Z N,HUI Y.Field measurement and analysis of typhoon wind field on top of three adjacent high-rise buildings at seaside[J].Journal of Building Structures,2014,35(12):133-139.(in Chinese)
[29]FANG G,ZHAO L,CAO S,et al.A novel analytical model for wind field simulation under typhoon boundary layer considering multi-field correlation and height-dependency[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2018,175:77-89.
[30]WAGNER R.Comparison test of WLS200S-22(Final)[R].DTU Wind Energy,LC I-046(EN),2014:78-84.
[31]VICKERY P J,MASTERS F J,POWELL M D,et al.Hurricane hazard modeling:The past,present,and future[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2009,97(7):392-405.
[32]GRAY W M.Recent advances in tropical cyclone research from rawinsonde composite analysis[R].1981:166-180.