基于黑木耳菌渣的辣椒育苗基质筛选研究
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摘要
为减少资源浪费,降低环境污染,合理利用黑木耳菌渣资源。以腐熟的黑木耳菌渣为对象,结合蛭石和有机肥配制成不同物料构成的配方基质,并以辣椒育苗为目标,从基质理化性质和辣椒幼苗生长指标等方面研究了黑木耳菌渣配方基质对辣椒幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:菌渣∶有机肥∶蛭石(8∶1∶1)和菌渣∶有机肥∶蛭石(7∶1∶2)2个基质配方的全氮、全磷、硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均高于传统的育苗土壤(对照),其上培养的辣椒幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积和壮苗指数等指标显著高于对照,而根冠比和干物质等指标与对照相近。菌渣∶有机肥∶蛭石(8∶1∶1)基质配方上培养的辣椒苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、根冠比和壮苗指数分别比对照提高了102.2%、55.9%、120.7%、1.3%和133.3%;菌渣∶有机肥∶蛭石(7∶1∶2)配方基质的上述指标分别比对照增加110.4%、74.5%、154.7%、9.5%和222.2%。2种基质配方均可用于辣椒育苗。
In order to reduce the waste of resources,reduce environmental pollution and make rational use of fungus dregs of Auricularia auricula,in this study,taking pepper seedling as the test material,the pepper seedling was planted in fungus dregs of Auricularia auricula substrate mixed with vermiculite and organic fertilize,the effects of the formula matrix of Auricularia auricula on the growth of capsicum seedlings were studied from the aspects of physical and chemical properties of substrate and growth index of pepper seedlings.The results showed that the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium were higher in the two matrix formulations of ‘fungus residue∶organic fertilizer∶vermiculite(8∶1∶1)' and ‘fungus residue∶organic fertilizer∶vermiculite(7∶1∶2)'.The plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and seedling strength index of capsicum seedlings were significantly higher than those of the control,but the root-shoot ratio and dry matter were similar to those of the control.The plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,root-shoot ratio and seedling strength index of the pepper seedlings cultured on the ‘fungus residue∶organic manure∶vermiculite(8∶1∶1)' formula were 102.2%,55.9%,120.7%,1.3% and 133.3% higher than those of the control.The above indexes of ‘fungus residue∶organic fertilizer∶vermiculite(7∶1∶2)' formula matrix increased 110.4%,74.5%,154.7% and 222.2% than those of control treatment.These two formulation matrices can be used for pepper seedling cultivation.
In order to reduce the waste of resources,reduce environmental pollution and make rational use of fungus dregs of Auricularia auricula,in this study,taking pepper seedling as the test material,the pepper seedling was planted in fungus dregs of Auricularia auricula substrate mixed with vermiculite and organic fertilize,the effects of the formula matrix of Auricularia auricula on the growth of capsicum seedlings were studied from the aspects of physical and chemical properties of substrate and growth index of pepper seedlings.The results showed that the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium were higher in the two matrix formulations of ‘fungus residue∶organic fertilizer∶vermiculite(8∶1∶1)' and ‘fungus residue∶organic fertilizer∶vermiculite(7∶1∶2)'.The plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and seedling strength index of capsicum seedlings were significantly higher than those of the control,but the root-shoot ratio and dry matter were similar to those of the control.The plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,root-shoot ratio and seedling strength index of the pepper seedlings cultured on the ‘fungus residue∶organic manure∶vermiculite(8∶1∶1)' formula were 102.2%,55.9%,120.7%,1.3% and 133.3% higher than those of the control.The above indexes of ‘fungus residue∶organic fertilizer∶vermiculite(7∶1∶2)' formula matrix increased 110.4%,74.5%,154.7% and 222.2% than those of control treatment.These two formulation matrices can be used for pepper seedling cultivation.
引文
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[19] 李晓强,卜崇兴,郭世荣,等.菇渣复合基质栽培对蔬菜幼苗生长的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(3):517-520.
[20] 胡青青,李恋卿,潘根兴.生物质炭醋糟复配物代替草炭对辣椒幼苗生长的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(2):273-282.
[2] 刘士哲.现代实用无土栽培技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[3] 王利民,王文志,孙海涛,等.金针菇菌渣代替麸皮对肉兔生产性能的影响[J.山东农业科学,2014,46(5):113-114,117.
[4] 姚利,袁长波,王艳芹,等.菌渣厌氧发酵制取沼气研究[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(2):77-81.
[5] 韩建东,宫志远,姚强,等.金针菇菌渣栽培秀珍菇的营养成分分析[J].中国食用菌,2013,32(6):30-31,35.
[6] 孙凤建.不同育苗基质对辣椒苗生长发育的影响[J].上海蔬菜,2017(6):76-77.
[7] 万水霞.食用菌菌渣综合利用情况综述[J].安徽农学通报,2011,17(14):247-248.
[8] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[9] 程斐,孙朝晖.芦苇末有机栽培基质的基本理化性能分析[J].南京农业大学学报,2001,24(3):19-22,696.
[10] 郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[11] 葛晓光.蔬菜育苗大全[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[12] 陈振德.蔬菜穴盘育苗技术[M].青岛:青岛出版社,2000.
[13] 崔秀敏,王秀峰.黄瓜穴盘育苗基质特性及育苗效果的研究[J].山东农业大学学报,2001,32(2):124-128.
[14] 李谦盛.芦苇末基质的应用基础研究及园艺基质质量标准的探讨[D].南京:南京农业大学,2003.
[15] 刘伟,余宏军,蒋卫杰.我国蔬菜无土栽培基质研究与应用进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(3):4-7.
[16] 吴志行,凌丽娟,张义平.蔬菜育苗基质的理论与技术的研究[J].农业工程学报,1988(3):20-27.
[17] 周静,史向远,王保平,等.几种有机物料与市售草炭基质理化性状比较分析[J].北方园艺,2016(5):186-190.
[18] 王东升,陈欢,唐懋华,等.不同基质配方对辣椒苗期生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(5):181-183.
[19] 李晓强,卜崇兴,郭世荣,等.菇渣复合基质栽培对蔬菜幼苗生长的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(3):517-520.
[20] 胡青青,李恋卿,潘根兴.生物质炭醋糟复配物代替草炭对辣椒幼苗生长的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(2):273-282.