加工精度对大米矿质元素分布的影响
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摘要
矿质元素指纹分析技术已逐渐被应用到农产品的质量控制中,大米中的矿质元素含量不仅与环境(产地和年份)、品种密切相关,还受加工方式的影响。为研究大米中矿物元素在不同加工等级间的差异,筛选出受加工精度影响较大的元素,以水稻品种龙粳40作为模式生物,加工成5个等级,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定不同等级大米中52种矿物元素的含量,并通过X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对龙粳40水稻籽粒颖果外表面、近表面、近米中部和米中部的元素含量进行定量分析。结果表明,不同加工精度间Na,Mg,Al,Ca,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,Zn,Rb,Sr,Mo,Cs和Ba元素含量差异显著。Na,Ca,Fe元素在水稻籽粒不同部位的含量有差异,颖果表面Na,K,Ca,Fe含量较高,近米中部和米中部含量较低,说明在颖果中Na,K,Ca,Fe等元素主要富集在糙米籽粒的外最层(主要是糠层和外胚乳层),加工精度是稻米矿质元素指纹分析技术研究中应考虑主要因素之一。
Mineral elements fingerprinting is applied for quality control detection of agricultural products.The content of the mineral elements in rice is not only related to genotype,environment factors,but also the processing precision.As a major influence factor for mineral elements distribution in rice,it deserves further study.Rice variety of Longjing-40 was taken as the model material in this study,which was divided into 5 grades under different precision levels.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were applied for mineral elements contents detection in rice.The contents of Na,Mg,Al,Ca,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,Zn,Rb,Sr,Mo,Cs and Ba were notably different in different precision levels of rice.The data suggest that the content of Na,K,Ca,Fe were significantly higher in outer layer of rice,and were lower in the middle layer and near middle of rice.The results show that the contents of Na,Mg,Al,Ca,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,Zn,Rb,Sr,Mo,Cs and Ba are significantly different among different processing precisions.The contents of Na,Ca and Fe in different parts of rice grains are different.The content of Na,K,Ca and Fe on the surface of the caryopsis is higher,and that is lower in the near center parts and center parts of the rice,indicating that Na,K,Ca and Fe are mainly enriched in the outermost layer of brown rice(mainly the bran layer and the outer endosperm layer).The processing precision is one of the main factors that should be considered in the research of rice mineral element fingerprint analysis technology.
Mineral elements fingerprinting is applied for quality control detection of agricultural products.The content of the mineral elements in rice is not only related to genotype,environment factors,but also the processing precision.As a major influence factor for mineral elements distribution in rice,it deserves further study.Rice variety of Longjing-40 was taken as the model material in this study,which was divided into 5 grades under different precision levels.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were applied for mineral elements contents detection in rice.The contents of Na,Mg,Al,Ca,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,Zn,Rb,Sr,Mo,Cs and Ba were notably different in different precision levels of rice.The data suggest that the content of Na,K,Ca,Fe were significantly higher in outer layer of rice,and were lower in the middle layer and near middle of rice.The results show that the contents of Na,Mg,Al,Ca,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,Zn,Rb,Sr,Mo,Cs and Ba are significantly different among different processing precisions.The contents of Na,Ca and Fe in different parts of rice grains are different.The content of Na,K,Ca and Fe on the surface of the caryopsis is higher,and that is lower in the near center parts and center parts of the rice,indicating that Na,K,Ca and Fe are mainly enriched in the outermost layer of brown rice(mainly the bran layer and the outer endosperm layer).The processing precision is one of the main factors that should be considered in the research of rice mineral element fingerprint analysis technology.
引文
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[13]LONG Z L,ZHOU Y C,XIAO L.Characterization of black chromate conversion coating on the electrodeposited zinc-iron alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2003,218(1/2/3/4):124-137.
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[17]WANG Z,LI W F,GU Y J,et al.Development of rice endosperm and the pathway of nutrients entering the endosperm[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1995,21(5):520-527.
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[20]TANAKA K,OGAWA M,KASAI Z.The rice scutellum.II.A comparison of scutellar and aleurone electron-dense particles by transmission electron microscopy including energy-dispersive X-ray analysis[J].Cereal Chemistry,1997,54:684-689.
[21]TANAKA K,YUSHIDA T,ASADA K,et al.Subcellular particles isolated from aleurone of rice seeds[J].Arch Biochem Biophys,1973,155(1):136-143.
[2]夏立娅.大米产地特征因子及溯源方法研究[D].保定:河北大学,2013.
[3]钟敏.用碳氮稳定同位素对大米产地溯源的研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2013.
[4]LONG Z,QU A,JIANG H,et al.Discriminant the geographical origin of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum based on mineral elements[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2013,27(10):1553-1559.
[5]ZHANG S X,WANG J W,LIANG T B,et al.Effects of cultivar,crop year and growing area on middle-and microelement contents in flue-cured tobacco and relationships between these elements[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2010,49(11):26-32.
[6]赵海燕.小麦产地矿物元素指纹信息特征研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[7]白玉兰,徐红彬,张懿,等.FTIR和XPS对含低价Cr混合物物相分析的应用研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2007,27(4):675-678.
[8]冯绍彬,商士波,冯丽婷,等.采用深度刻蚀与XPS能谱研究缓蚀膜/镀铜层/铁基体界面成分[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(1):166-169.
[9]欧谷平,宋珍,桂文明,等.PTCDA/ITO表面和界面的X射线光电子能谱分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(4):753-756.
[10]ARENAS M A,GARCIA I,DAMBORENEA J DX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the corrosion behaviour of galvanised steel implanted with rare earths[J].Corrosion Science,2004,46(46):1033-1049.
[11]HANAWA T,HIROMOTO S,YAMAMOTO A,et al.XPS characterization of the surface oxide film of316L stainless steel samples that were located in quasi-biological environments[J].Materials Transactions,2002,43(12):3088-3092.
[12]MORA N,CANO E,POLO J L,et al.Corrosion protection properties of cerium layers formed on tinplate[J].Corrosion Science,2004,46(3):563-578.
[13]LONG Z L,ZHOU Y C,XIAO L.Characterization of black chromate conversion coating on the electrodeposited zinc-iron alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2003,218(1/2/3/4):124-137.
[14]中华人民共和国国家标准.大米国家标准:GB/T1354-1986[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1986:12.
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准.米类加工精度检验:GB/T5502-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008:1-3.
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准.粮食、油料检验水分测定法:GB/T 5497-1985[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1985:223.
[17]WANG Z,LI W F,GU Y J,et al.Development of rice endosperm and the pathway of nutrients entering the endosperm[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1995,21(5):520-527.
[18]王忠,顾蕴洁,李卫芳,等.水稻糊粉层的形成及其在萌发过程中的变化[J].扬州大学学报(自然科学版),1998(1):19-24.
[19]OGAWA M,TANAKA K,KASAI Z.Accumulation of phosphorus,magnesium and potassium in developing rice grains:Followed by electron microprobe X-ray analysis focusing on the aleurone layer[J].Plant and Cell Physio,1979,20(1):19-27.
[20]TANAKA K,OGAWA M,KASAI Z.The rice scutellum.II.A comparison of scutellar and aleurone electron-dense particles by transmission electron microscopy including energy-dispersive X-ray analysis[J].Cereal Chemistry,1997,54:684-689.
[21]TANAKA K,YUSHIDA T,ASADA K,et al.Subcellular particles isolated from aleurone of rice seeds[J].Arch Biochem Biophys,1973,155(1):136-143.