陈玉米粉碎粒度的研究
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摘要
为了探究玉米品种、储存时间和条件、粉碎机筛片直径对陈玉米粉碎粒度的影响,试验采集了国库储存不同年份的29个陈玉米样品、19个东北单一品种陈玉米样品,以及不同储存温度的玉米,通过孔径为3.60 mm和6.00 mm的筛片进行粉碎,采用筛分法测定粒度。结果表明:(1)不同储存时间的国库玉米粉碎粒度随储存时间的延长成波动变化,但无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)储存在相对温度低的玉米粉碎粒度高于储存在相对温度高的玉米;(3)粉碎粒度与玉米粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总淀粉和粗纤维含量没有显著的相关性(P>0.05),但与玉米NDF、ADF含量呈现显著的负相关(P<0.05);(4)筛片孔径显著影响陈玉米粉碎粒度(P<0.01),相对于3.60 mm孔径的筛片,使用6.00 mm孔径筛片粉碎玉米能大幅度提高颗粒度大于2 000μm玉米颗粒的比例(几乎提高8倍),并降低颗粒度小于850μm玉米颗粒的比例。由此可知,长时间储存和高温储存导致玉米脆性增加、粉碎粒度变小,提高粉碎机筛片直径可以增加陈玉米的粉碎粒度。
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of corn varieties, storage time, storage conditions, the screen size of grinder on grinding par-ticle size of corn. Twenty-nine stored corn samples were collected from Chinese national barn,nineteen stored commercial corn samples were collected from northeast of China and corn samples which were stored in different temperature condition were crushed and sieved through screens of two different pore size(3.60 mm and 6.00 mm). After mixing the cracked corn, we calculated their particle size. The results showed that(1)The corn particle size fluctuated with the increasing of storage time, however, there was no significant effect of storage time on grinding particle size of corn(P>0.05);(2) The grinding particle size of corn which were stored in lower temperature was greater than the corn stored in higher temperature;(3) The corn grinding particle size has no relationship with the content of the crude protein, crude fat, total starch and crude fiber in corn(P>0.05),but was negatively correlated with the content of NDF andADF in corn(P<0.05);(4) Screen size significantly affected the grinding particle size of the stored corn(P<0.01). Compared with 3.60 mm screen, 6.00 mm screen could greatly improve(almost 8 times high-er) the proportion of corn granule whose particle size were more than 2 000 μm(P<0.01), and decreased that one whose particle size were less than 850 μm. These results indicated that the long storage time and high temperature storage environment led to the increase of brittleness of corn and the decrease of corn particle size, and the grinding particle size of the corn could be increased by increasing the diameter of the mill screen.
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of corn varieties, storage time, storage conditions, the screen size of grinder on grinding par-ticle size of corn. Twenty-nine stored corn samples were collected from Chinese national barn,nineteen stored commercial corn samples were collected from northeast of China and corn samples which were stored in different temperature condition were crushed and sieved through screens of two different pore size(3.60 mm and 6.00 mm). After mixing the cracked corn, we calculated their particle size. The results showed that(1)The corn particle size fluctuated with the increasing of storage time, however, there was no significant effect of storage time on grinding particle size of corn(P>0.05);(2) The grinding particle size of corn which were stored in lower temperature was greater than the corn stored in higher temperature;(3) The corn grinding particle size has no relationship with the content of the crude protein, crude fat, total starch and crude fiber in corn(P>0.05),but was negatively correlated with the content of NDF andADF in corn(P<0.05);(4) Screen size significantly affected the grinding particle size of the stored corn(P<0.01). Compared with 3.60 mm screen, 6.00 mm screen could greatly improve(almost 8 times high-er) the proportion of corn granule whose particle size were more than 2 000 μm(P<0.01), and decreased that one whose particle size were less than 850 μm. These results indicated that the long storage time and high temperature storage environment led to the increase of brittleness of corn and the decrease of corn particle size, and the grinding particle size of the corn could be increased by increasing the diameter of the mill screen.
引文
[1]倪海球,李军国,于纪宾,等.玉米粉碎粒度对育肥猪颗粒饲料加工质量及猪生长性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2724-2732.
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[3]吕明斌,王正国,徐绍华,等.肉鸭饲料中玉米适宜粉碎粒度的研究[J].中国饲料,2014(22):23-25.
[4]王卫国.饲料粉碎粒度最新研究进展[J].粮食与饲料工业,2001(11):16-19.
[5]Maxwell C,Reimann E,Hoekstra W,et al.Effect of dietary particle size on lesion development and on the contents of various regions of the swine stomach[J].Journal of Animal Science,1970,30:911.
[6]Jones G P D,Taylor R D.The incorporation of whole grain into pelleted broiler chicken diets:production and physiological responses[J].British Poultry Science,2001,42:477-483.
[7]刘德芳,张浩东.不同粒度玉米全价料饲喂肉鸡代谢试验[J].饲料研究,1988(2):30-31.
[8]张春兰,张克英,丁雪梅,等.玉米粒度对蛋鸡消化道生理及饲料流通速率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010(5):1271-1278.
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[11]王卫国,陈四勇,宁锋.仔猪配合饲料的粉碎粒度研究[J].饲料工业,2000(11):22-24.
[12]王卫国.饲料粉碎粒度研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2000(8):22-23.
[13]张俊.浅谈粮食陈化及减缓粮食陈化速度的方法[J].今日科苑,2009(12):284.
[14]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].第4版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2016:26-27.
[15]王璐,肖志斌,呙于明,等.东北玉米肉鸡表观代谢能预测方程的建立[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3496-3505.
[16]董光宇,唐守凯,高文迪,等.影响玉米脂肪酸值变化的因素[J].北京农业,2015(14):238.
[17]殷晶晶,赵妍,田晓花.不同储藏温湿度对玉米中蛋白质影响[J].食品工业科技,2017,38(3):331-335.
[18]R.M.Villareal,A.P.Resurreccion,L.B.Suzuki,et al.Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Rice during Storage[J].Starch/Starke,1976,29:88-94.
[19]张燕鸣,杨秀娟,曹胜雄,等.饲料粉碎粒度及粒度分布对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J].饲料工业,2015(17):18-22.
[20]张春兰,张克英,丁雪梅,等.玉米粒度对蛋鸡消化道生理及饲料流通速率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010(5):1271-1278.
[21]段海涛,秦玉昌,于纪宾,等.粉碎粒度对生长猪颗粒饲料加工质量及其生长性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015(7):2038-2043.
[22]M.Wadhwa,Dharam Paul,P.Kataria,et al.Effect of particle size of corn grains on the release of nutrients and in sacco degradability[J].Animal Feed Science Technology,1998(72):11-17.
[23]王卫国,邓金明,廖再生.饲料粉碎粒度与蛋白质消化率的体外消化试验研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2000(11):16-19.
[24]Vukmirovi??uro,?olovi?Radmilo,Rakita Sla?ana,et al.Importance of feed structure(particle size)and feed form(mash vs.pellets)in pig nutrition-A review[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017.
[25]孙启波,刘宁,杨玲,等.筛孔直径对玉米和小麦粉碎粒度、生产效率和饲料性状的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(9):15-18.
[26]Amerah A.M,Ravindran V,Lentle R.G,et al.Feed particle size:Implications on the digestion and performance of poultry[J].World’s Poultry Science,2007,63(3):439-455.
[27]A.S.Parsons,N.P.Buchanan,K.P.Blemings,et al.Effect of Corn Particle Size and Pellet Texture on Broiler Performance in the Growing Phase[J].Poultry Science Association,2006(15):245-255.
[28]吕明斌,王正国,徐绍华,等.肉鸭饲料中玉米适宜粉碎粒度的研究[J].中国饲料,2014(22):23-25.
[29]A.B.Kasim,H.M.Edwards.Effect of sources of maize and maize particle sizes on the utilization of phytate phosphorus in broiler chicks[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2000(86):15-26.
[30]J.Kilburn,H.M.Edwards Jr.The response of broilers to the feeding of mash or pelleted diets containing maize of varying particle sizes[J].British Poultry Science,2001(42):484-492.
[2]高天权.玉米粉碎粒度对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响[D].四川农业大学,2007.
[3]吕明斌,王正国,徐绍华,等.肉鸭饲料中玉米适宜粉碎粒度的研究[J].中国饲料,2014(22):23-25.
[4]王卫国.饲料粉碎粒度最新研究进展[J].粮食与饲料工业,2001(11):16-19.
[5]Maxwell C,Reimann E,Hoekstra W,et al.Effect of dietary particle size on lesion development and on the contents of various regions of the swine stomach[J].Journal of Animal Science,1970,30:911.
[6]Jones G P D,Taylor R D.The incorporation of whole grain into pelleted broiler chicken diets:production and physiological responses[J].British Poultry Science,2001,42:477-483.
[7]刘德芳,张浩东.不同粒度玉米全价料饲喂肉鸡代谢试验[J].饲料研究,1988(2):30-31.
[8]张春兰,张克英,丁雪梅,等.玉米粒度对蛋鸡消化道生理及饲料流通速率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010(5):1271-1278.
[9]Amerah A M,Ravindran V,Lentle R G,et al.Feed particle size:Implications on the digestion and performance of poultry[J].2007,63(3):439-455.
[10]张国栋,杨洁,孔丹丹,等.不同品种玉米饲料加工特性分析[J].饲料工业,2016,37(7):5-10.
[11]王卫国,陈四勇,宁锋.仔猪配合饲料的粉碎粒度研究[J].饲料工业,2000(11):22-24.
[12]王卫国.饲料粉碎粒度研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2000(8):22-23.
[13]张俊.浅谈粮食陈化及减缓粮食陈化速度的方法[J].今日科苑,2009(12):284.
[14]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].第4版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2016:26-27.
[15]王璐,肖志斌,呙于明,等.东北玉米肉鸡表观代谢能预测方程的建立[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3496-3505.
[16]董光宇,唐守凯,高文迪,等.影响玉米脂肪酸值变化的因素[J].北京农业,2015(14):238.
[17]殷晶晶,赵妍,田晓花.不同储藏温湿度对玉米中蛋白质影响[J].食品工业科技,2017,38(3):331-335.
[18]R.M.Villareal,A.P.Resurreccion,L.B.Suzuki,et al.Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Rice during Storage[J].Starch/Starke,1976,29:88-94.
[19]张燕鸣,杨秀娟,曹胜雄,等.饲料粉碎粒度及粒度分布对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J].饲料工业,2015(17):18-22.
[20]张春兰,张克英,丁雪梅,等.玉米粒度对蛋鸡消化道生理及饲料流通速率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010(5):1271-1278.
[21]段海涛,秦玉昌,于纪宾,等.粉碎粒度对生长猪颗粒饲料加工质量及其生长性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015(7):2038-2043.
[22]M.Wadhwa,Dharam Paul,P.Kataria,et al.Effect of particle size of corn grains on the release of nutrients and in sacco degradability[J].Animal Feed Science Technology,1998(72):11-17.
[23]王卫国,邓金明,廖再生.饲料粉碎粒度与蛋白质消化率的体外消化试验研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2000(11):16-19.
[24]Vukmirovi??uro,?olovi?Radmilo,Rakita Sla?ana,et al.Importance of feed structure(particle size)and feed form(mash vs.pellets)in pig nutrition-A review[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017.
[25]孙启波,刘宁,杨玲,等.筛孔直径对玉米和小麦粉碎粒度、生产效率和饲料性状的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(9):15-18.
[26]Amerah A.M,Ravindran V,Lentle R.G,et al.Feed particle size:Implications on the digestion and performance of poultry[J].World’s Poultry Science,2007,63(3):439-455.
[27]A.S.Parsons,N.P.Buchanan,K.P.Blemings,et al.Effect of Corn Particle Size and Pellet Texture on Broiler Performance in the Growing Phase[J].Poultry Science Association,2006(15):245-255.
[28]吕明斌,王正国,徐绍华,等.肉鸭饲料中玉米适宜粉碎粒度的研究[J].中国饲料,2014(22):23-25.
[29]A.B.Kasim,H.M.Edwards.Effect of sources of maize and maize particle sizes on the utilization of phytate phosphorus in broiler chicks[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2000(86):15-26.
[30]J.Kilburn,H.M.Edwards Jr.The response of broilers to the feeding of mash or pelleted diets containing maize of varying particle sizes[J].British Poultry Science,2001(42):484-492.