贵州福泉高洞铝土矿床成矿地质地球化学特征
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摘要
贵州福泉高洞铝土矿床是近年在贵州新的铝土矿成矿区探明的中型矿床之一,其含矿岩系为下石炭统九架炉组,铝土矿呈层状、似层状产于上泥盆统高坡场组碳酸盐岩古侵蚀面之上,与上覆中二叠统梁山组和下伏上泥盆统高坡场组均呈假整合接触,矿床成因类型为古风化壳沉积型。通过对含矿岩系中敏感元素Ga、Ba、Sr、Th含量及B/Ga、Rb/K、V/Zr比值特征分析,认为铝土矿主要形成于陆相沉积环境;δCe、Ni/Co、Th/U、Sr/Cu、V/Cr特征揭示铝土矿成岩成矿过程主要为氧化环境。含矿岩系中Al与Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th、U等呈正相关性反映出铝土矿成矿过程中具同迁移、显著富集特征;含矿岩系中微量元素含量与下伏高坡场组碳酸盐岩相比,总体成强烈富集态势。与黎彤值对比,含矿岩系中高温成矿元素(W、Sn、Mo、Bi)、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Th、U、Hf、Zr)、粘土矿物易吸附元素(Li、V)及细碎屑岩中高地球化学背景元素(Sb)富集强度高。LREE与HREE分馏作用明显,推测为次生风化淋滤过程中离子半径较小的HREE向下渗滤迁移的速率大于离子半径较大的LREE所致。
The bauxite deposit in the Gaodong area of Guizhou Province is one of the newly discovered mid-sized bauxite deposits in recent years. Its ore-bearing strata are the Jiujialu Formation of the Lower Carboniferous. Layered and layered-like bauxite lies on the ancient erosion surface of the carbonate rocks in the Upper Devonian System,contacting the overlying Liangshan Formation of the Middle Permian System and underlying Gaopochang Formation of the Upper Devonian System in a disconformable manner. The genesis of the deposit is of an ancient weathering crust depositional type. Analyzing the characteristics of Ga,Ba,Sr and Th contents and B/Ga,Rb/K and V/Zr ratios in the ore-bearing rocks suggests that the bauxite formed in a continental sedimentary setting. The features δCe,Ni/Co,Th/U,Sr/Cu and V/Cr reveal that the diagenesis and mineralization process of the bauxite was in an oxidative environment. The positive correlation between Al and Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta,Th and U in the ore-bearing rocks indicates that the bauxite has the same migration and significant enrichment characteristics. The content of trace elements in the ore-bearing rock series is strongly enriched compared with that of the carbonate rocks of underlying strata Gaopochang Formation. Compared with the value of Li Tong,the high-temperature metallogenic elements( W,Sn,Mo and Bi),high-field strength elements( Nb,Ta,Th,U,Hf and Zr),clay mineral easily adsorbed elements( Li and V) and the high-grade geochemical background element( Sb) in fine-grained rocks are highly enriched. Fractionation of LREE and HREE is obvious. It is inferred that the migration rate of HREE with smaller ionic radius is larger than LREE with larger ionic radius in the process of secondary weathering leaching.
The bauxite deposit in the Gaodong area of Guizhou Province is one of the newly discovered mid-sized bauxite deposits in recent years. Its ore-bearing strata are the Jiujialu Formation of the Lower Carboniferous. Layered and layered-like bauxite lies on the ancient erosion surface of the carbonate rocks in the Upper Devonian System,contacting the overlying Liangshan Formation of the Middle Permian System and underlying Gaopochang Formation of the Upper Devonian System in a disconformable manner. The genesis of the deposit is of an ancient weathering crust depositional type. Analyzing the characteristics of Ga,Ba,Sr and Th contents and B/Ga,Rb/K and V/Zr ratios in the ore-bearing rocks suggests that the bauxite formed in a continental sedimentary setting. The features δCe,Ni/Co,Th/U,Sr/Cu and V/Cr reveal that the diagenesis and mineralization process of the bauxite was in an oxidative environment. The positive correlation between Al and Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta,Th and U in the ore-bearing rocks indicates that the bauxite has the same migration and significant enrichment characteristics. The content of trace elements in the ore-bearing rock series is strongly enriched compared with that of the carbonate rocks of underlying strata Gaopochang Formation. Compared with the value of Li Tong,the high-temperature metallogenic elements( W,Sn,Mo and Bi),high-field strength elements( Nb,Ta,Th,U,Hf and Zr),clay mineral easily adsorbed elements( Li and V) and the high-grade geochemical background element( Sb) in fine-grained rocks are highly enriched. Fractionation of LREE and HREE is obvious. It is inferred that the migration rate of HREE with smaller ionic radius is larger than LREE with larger ionic radius in the process of secondary weathering leaching.
引文
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Chen Qing-gang,Chen Qun,Dai Xiao-yan.2016.Discussion of metallogenic epoch of bauxite deposit in central Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology,33(2):101-107(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Gu Jing,Huang Zhi-long,Fan Hong-peng,Jin Zhong-guo,Yan Zaifei,Zhang Jia-wei.2013.Mineralogy,geochemistry and genesis of lateritic bauxite deposits in the Wuchuan-Zheng'an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou Province,China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,130:44-59
Han Zhong-hua,Wu Bo,Weng Shen-fu,Chen Qiang,Tao Ping.2016.Geochemical characteristics of bauxite deposits in the WuchuanZheng’an-Daozhen area of Guizhou Province and their geological implications[J].Geology and Exploration,52(4):678-687(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jin Zhong-guo,Xiang Xian-li,Huang Zhi-long,Liu Ling.2011.Regularities of elements migration in the Wachangping bauxite deposit in Wuchuan County,northern Guizhou Province[J].Geology and Exploration,47(6):957-966(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jin Zhong-guo,Liu Ling,Huang Zhi-long,Xiang Xian-li,Bao Miao.2012.REE composition of the bauxite deposits,in the WuchuanZheng'an-Daozhen area,Guizhou Province,and its geological significance[J].Geology and Exploration,48(6):1067-1076(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Laukas T C.1983.Origin of bauxite at Eufaula Alabama[J].USA Clay Minerals,8:350-361
Li Tong.1994.Element abundances of China’s continental crust and its sedimentary layer and upper continental crust[J].Geochimica,23(2):140-145(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liao Shi-fan.1989.A research on the paleogeographic and ore-forming conditions for Early Carboniferous paleo-weathered crust bauxite deposits in Guizhou,Sichuan,Hunan and Hubei[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,63(2):148-157(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu Bao-jun.1980.Sedimentary petrology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:1-406(in Chinese)
Liu Ping,Liao You-chang.2012.A tentative discussion on the age of bauxite-bearing rock series in central Guizhou-southern Chongqing area[J].Geology in China,39(3):661-682(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu Ping,Liao You-chang.2014.Regional metallogenic model and prospecting criteria of sedimentary bauxite deposits in central Guizhousouthern Chongqing region[J].Geology in China,41(6):2063-2082(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu Ying-jun,Cao Li-ming,Li Zhao-lin,Wang He-nian,Chu Tong-qing,Zhang Yuan-rong.1986.Geochemistry of the elements[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-386(in Chinese)
Liu You-ping,Zhou Wen-long,Chen Guo-fan,Cui Tao,Long Hansheng.2016.A research on characteristics of ore-bearing rock series and mineralization principles of bauxite from Guizhou Province,China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,36(2):289-296(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ma Ying-jun,Hou Run-ke,Xu Zhi-fang,Zhang Hui,Liu Congqiang.2004.REE behavior and influence factors during chemical weathering[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,19(1):87-94
Maksimovic Z,Panto G.1991.Contribution to the geochemistry of the rare earth elements in the karst-bauxite deposits of Yugoslavia and Greece[J].Geoderma,51(1-4):93-109
Mo Jiang-ping,Li Jin-ao.1991.Metallogenic environment of bauxite in central Guizhou[J].Geology and Prospecting,11:12-18
Nesbitt H W.1979.Mobility and fractionation of rare earth elements during weathering of a granodiorite[J].Nature,279:206-210
Nesbitt H W,Markovics G.1997.Weathering of granodioritic crust,long-term storage of elements in weathering profiles,and petro-genesis of siliciclastic sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,61(8):1653-1670
Song Ming-shui.2005.Sedimentary environment geochemistry in the Shasi section of southern ramp,Dongying depression[J].Mineral Petrol,25(3):67-73(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wan Chao-yuan.2010.The developing situation of aluminum and suggestion for the enhancement of bauxite exploration in Guizhou Province[J].Guizhou Geology,27(1):1-4,12(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Zhong-gang,Yu Xue-yuan,Zhao Zhen-hua.1989.Rare earth element geochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-359(in Chinese)
Wu Guo-hui,Jin Zhong-guo,Bao miao,Miao Zuo-lin.2008.Bauxite metallogenic regularity in the Wuchuan-Zheng’an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou[J].Geology and Prospecting,44(6):31-35(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Rui-dong,Yuan Shi-ting,Zhang Xiao-dong,Wei Xiao,Chen Ji-yan.2009.Mineralization characteristics and prospect of bauxite in west and south of central Guizhou lift[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,29(4):452-457(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yin Ke-hua.2009.Mineralization and metallogenic model for bauxite in the Wuchuan-Zheng'an-Daozhen area,northern,Guizhou[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,27(3):452-457(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yu Jin,Li Pu-tao,Yu Hang-bo.2009.Analysis on trace-element geochemical characteristics and ore-forming environment of bauxite mine in Sanhe town of Jingxi county[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),28(3):289-293(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Qi-lian,Liang Yu-ping,Yu Wen-chao,Du Yuan-sheng.2016.Sedimentary environment of allites in the Permian Heshan formation in western Guangxi[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,18(4):595-604(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou Jie,Wang Gen-hou,Wu Chun-jiao,Wang Xing-jun,Jiang Yongguo,Liao Jian-feng.2013.Geochemical characteristics and metallogenic environment of bauxite deposit in southeast Yunnan Province,China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,33(4):497-502(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou Wen-long,Liu You-ping.2016.Characteristics of basement strata in bauxite deposits of Guizhou province and their relationships to regional mineralization[J].Geology and Exploration,52(3):462-471(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhu Xiao-min.2010.Sedimentary petrology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press:1-231(in Chinese)
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