混播高寒草地群落特征及多样性研究
|
摘要
群落特征及多样性研究对退化草地的生态恢复具有重要意义。本研究以重度黑土滩退化草地为研究对象,通过翻耕混播措施进行恢复,测定了恢复后草地的群落组成及多样性特征。结果表明:混播后退化草地的植被盖度,地上地下生物量及禾本科牧草比例都显著(P<0.05)上升,而杂类草比例明显下降(P<0.05),根冠比有所增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。从物种组成看,退化草地混播后,草地植被群落组成和物种重要值都发生了变化,其中禾本科牧草占据了群落的主要地位。但是,与对照样地相比,物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Weiner指数、均匀度指数均有所上升,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,混播措施有利于重度黑土滩草地的恢复。
Community characteristics and diversity studies are important for the ecological restoration of degraded grassland, the heavy "black beach" land was chosen as studying in this paper. The replanting measures(mixed seeding), which was conducted by ploughing reseeding machine, was used to recover the degraded grassland, and the community composition and diversity of the grassland after restoration were determined. The results showed that the vegetation coverage, aboveground and underground biomass and poaceae herbage proportion of the degraded grassland increased significantly(P<0.05), while the weeds herbage proportion decreased significantly(P<0.05), root-shoot ratio of degraded grassland increased, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).From species composition, the composition of grassland vegetation and important values of the species changed after mixed seeding, and the poaceae herbage occupied the important position of the community after the replanting of degraded grassland. However, compared with the control plot, the species richness index, Shannon-Weiner index, and evenness index all increased, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).In summary, the mixed seeding measures have effectively improved the restoration of the heavy "black beach" grassland.
Community characteristics and diversity studies are important for the ecological restoration of degraded grassland, the heavy "black beach" land was chosen as studying in this paper. The replanting measures(mixed seeding), which was conducted by ploughing reseeding machine, was used to recover the degraded grassland, and the community composition and diversity of the grassland after restoration were determined. The results showed that the vegetation coverage, aboveground and underground biomass and poaceae herbage proportion of the degraded grassland increased significantly(P<0.05), while the weeds herbage proportion decreased significantly(P<0.05), root-shoot ratio of degraded grassland increased, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).From species composition, the composition of grassland vegetation and important values of the species changed after mixed seeding, and the poaceae herbage occupied the important position of the community after the replanting of degraded grassland. However, compared with the control plot, the species richness index, Shannon-Weiner index, and evenness index all increased, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).In summary, the mixed seeding measures have effectively improved the restoration of the heavy "black beach" grassland.
引文
[1]李凤霞,张德罡.草地退化指标及恢复措施.草原与草坪,2005(1):24-28.
[2]许中旗,李文华,鲍维楷,等.植被原生演替研究进展.生态学报,2005,25(12):3383-3389.
[3]刘兴元,龙瑞军,尚占环.草地生态系统服务功能及其价值评估方法研究.草业学报,2011. 20(1):167-174.
[4]Gao Q , Li Y , Wan Y , et al. Dynamics of alpine grassland NPP and its response to climate change in Northern Tibet[J].Climatic Change, 2009, 97(3-4):515-528.
[5]葛庆征, 魏斌, 张灵菲,等. 草地恢复措施对高寒草甸植物群落的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2012, 29(10):1517-1520.
[6]邢云飞,施建军,马玉寿,等.三江源区多年生禾草混播群落竞争效应研究[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2018,48(05):20-26.
[7]施建军,马玉寿,董全民,等.人工调控对三江源区多年生禾草混播草地生产性能的影响[J].草地学报,2018,26(04):907-916.
[8]马玉寿,董全民,施建军,等.三江源区“黑土滩”退化草地的分类分级及治理模式[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2008,(03):1-3.
[9]史惠兰,王启基,景增春,等.江河源区人工草地群落特征、多样性及其稳定性分析.草业学报,2005,14(3):23-30.
[10]马玉寿,郎百宁,李青云,等.江河源区高寒草甸退化草地恢复与重建技术研究.草业科学,2002,19(12):1-5.
[11]尚占环,龙瑞军,马玉寿.江河源区“黑土滩”退化草地特征、危害及治理思路探讨.中国草地学报,2006,28(1):69-74.
[12]马玉寿,尚占环,施建军,等.黄河源区“黑土型”退化草地人工群落组分配置技术研究.西北农业学报,2007,16(5):1-6.
[13]王堃,洪绂曾,宗锦耀.“三江源”地区草地资源现状及持续利用途径.草地学报,2005,13(s1):28-31.
[14]王启基,史惠兰,景增春,等.江河源区退化天然草地的恢复及其生态效益分析.草业科学,2004,21(12):37-41.
[15]马玉寿,王启基.“黑土型”退化草地研究工作的回顾与展望.草业科学,1999,16(2):5-9.
[16]侯宪宽,董全民,施建军,等.青海草地早熟禾单播人工草地群落结构特征及土壤理化性质研究.中国草地学报,2015, 37(1):65-69.
[17]施建军. 高寒牧区牧草引种及混播技术的研究[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2002,32(5):5-7.
[18]马玉寿, 施建军, 董全民, 等. 人工调控措施对“黑土型”退化草地垂穗披碱草人工植被的影响[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2006,36(2):1-3.
[19]张耀生,赵新全,黄德清.青藏高寒牧区多年生人工草地持续利用的研究.草业学报,2003, 12(3):22-27.
[20]董世魁,胡自治,龙瑞军,等.高寒地区多年生禾草混播草地的群落学特征研究.生态学杂志,2003, 22(5):20-25.
[21]郑伟,董全民,李世雄,等.放牧强度对环青海湖高寒草原群落物种多样性和生产力的影响.草地学报,2012,20(6):1033-1038.
[22]栗文瀚,干珠扎布,曹旭娟,等.海拔梯度对藏北高寒草地生产力和物种多样性的影响.草业学报,2017,26(9):200-207.
[23]姜恕.草地生态研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1988.
[24]Zhang,C.,Q.Dong,H. Chu,J. Shi,S. Li,Y.Wang,andX.Yang.Grassland Community Composition Response to Grazing Intensity Under Different Grazing Regimes.Rangeland Ecology & Management,2018,71(2):196-204
[25]Fuiman, L.A. and A.E. Magurran.Development of predator defences in fish.Reviews in Fish Biology & Fisheries,1994,4(2):145～183.
[26]李旭东,张春平,傅华.黄土高原典型草原草地根冠比的季节动态及其影响因素.草业学报,2012,21(4):307-312.
[27]施建军,洪绂曾,马玉寿, 等.人工调控对禾草混播草地群落特征的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2009, 17(6):745-751.
[28]杨慧茹,马玉寿,施建军,等.调控措施对“黑土滩”混播草地人工植被的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2011, 20(5):191-198.
[29]刘玉,马玉寿,李世雄,等.青海湖北岸不同类型退耕还草地群落物种多样性和生物量特征研究.西北农业学报,2014,23(1):48-52.
[30]宇万太,于永强.植物地下生物量研究进展.应用生态学报,2001,12(6):927-932.
[31]李凯辉,王万林,胡玉昆,等.不同海拔梯度高寒草地地下生物量与环境因子的关系.应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2364-2368.
[32]王艳芬,汪诗平.不同放牧率对内蒙古典型草原地下生物量的影响.草地学报,1999,7(3):198-203.
[33]刘伟,周华坤,周立.不同程度退化草地生物量的分布模式.中国草地学报,2005,27(2):9-15.
[34]金云翔,徐斌,杨秀春,等.不同沙化程度草原地下生物量及其环境因素特征.草业学报,2013,22(5):44-51.
[35]王敏,苏永中,杨荣,等.黑河中游荒漠草地地上和地下生物量的分配格局.植物生态学报,2013,37(3):209-219.
[36]陈晶,王峰,谢应忠,等.沙芦草+胡枝子混播草地的生物量及土壤速效养分.草业科学,2015,32(4):492-500.
[37]杨婷婷,高永,吴新宏,等.小针茅草原植被地下与地上生物量季节动态及根冠比变化规律.干旱区研究,2013.30(1):109-114.
[38]Mokany, K.,R.J. Raison, and A.S. Prokushkin.Critical analysis of root:shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes.Global Change Biology,2006,12(1):84-96.
[39]Jmo, S.and D.O. Hall.The global carbon sink: a grassland perspective.Global Change Biology,1998.4(2):229-233.
[40]侯宪宽,董全民,施建军,等.相同建植年限2种类型人工草地群落结构及物种多样性研究.草地学报,2014,22(5):000961-965.
[41]何孝德.海拔对不同功能群植物重要值影响的研究.青海草业,2013, 22(3):10-12.
[2]许中旗,李文华,鲍维楷,等.植被原生演替研究进展.生态学报,2005,25(12):3383-3389.
[3]刘兴元,龙瑞军,尚占环.草地生态系统服务功能及其价值评估方法研究.草业学报,2011. 20(1):167-174.
[4]Gao Q , Li Y , Wan Y , et al. Dynamics of alpine grassland NPP and its response to climate change in Northern Tibet[J].Climatic Change, 2009, 97(3-4):515-528.
[5]葛庆征, 魏斌, 张灵菲,等. 草地恢复措施对高寒草甸植物群落的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2012, 29(10):1517-1520.
[6]邢云飞,施建军,马玉寿,等.三江源区多年生禾草混播群落竞争效应研究[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2018,48(05):20-26.
[7]施建军,马玉寿,董全民,等.人工调控对三江源区多年生禾草混播草地生产性能的影响[J].草地学报,2018,26(04):907-916.
[8]马玉寿,董全民,施建军,等.三江源区“黑土滩”退化草地的分类分级及治理模式[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2008,(03):1-3.
[9]史惠兰,王启基,景增春,等.江河源区人工草地群落特征、多样性及其稳定性分析.草业学报,2005,14(3):23-30.
[10]马玉寿,郎百宁,李青云,等.江河源区高寒草甸退化草地恢复与重建技术研究.草业科学,2002,19(12):1-5.
[11]尚占环,龙瑞军,马玉寿.江河源区“黑土滩”退化草地特征、危害及治理思路探讨.中国草地学报,2006,28(1):69-74.
[12]马玉寿,尚占环,施建军,等.黄河源区“黑土型”退化草地人工群落组分配置技术研究.西北农业学报,2007,16(5):1-6.
[13]王堃,洪绂曾,宗锦耀.“三江源”地区草地资源现状及持续利用途径.草地学报,2005,13(s1):28-31.
[14]王启基,史惠兰,景增春,等.江河源区退化天然草地的恢复及其生态效益分析.草业科学,2004,21(12):37-41.
[15]马玉寿,王启基.“黑土型”退化草地研究工作的回顾与展望.草业科学,1999,16(2):5-9.
[16]侯宪宽,董全民,施建军,等.青海草地早熟禾单播人工草地群落结构特征及土壤理化性质研究.中国草地学报,2015, 37(1):65-69.
[17]施建军. 高寒牧区牧草引种及混播技术的研究[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2002,32(5):5-7.
[18]马玉寿, 施建军, 董全民, 等. 人工调控措施对“黑土型”退化草地垂穗披碱草人工植被的影响[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2006,36(2):1-3.
[19]张耀生,赵新全,黄德清.青藏高寒牧区多年生人工草地持续利用的研究.草业学报,2003, 12(3):22-27.
[20]董世魁,胡自治,龙瑞军,等.高寒地区多年生禾草混播草地的群落学特征研究.生态学杂志,2003, 22(5):20-25.
[21]郑伟,董全民,李世雄,等.放牧强度对环青海湖高寒草原群落物种多样性和生产力的影响.草地学报,2012,20(6):1033-1038.
[22]栗文瀚,干珠扎布,曹旭娟,等.海拔梯度对藏北高寒草地生产力和物种多样性的影响.草业学报,2017,26(9):200-207.
[23]姜恕.草地生态研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1988.
[24]Zhang,C.,Q.Dong,H. Chu,J. Shi,S. Li,Y.Wang,andX.Yang.Grassland Community Composition Response to Grazing Intensity Under Different Grazing Regimes.Rangeland Ecology & Management,2018,71(2):196-204
[25]Fuiman, L.A. and A.E. Magurran.Development of predator defences in fish.Reviews in Fish Biology & Fisheries,1994,4(2):145～183.
[26]李旭东,张春平,傅华.黄土高原典型草原草地根冠比的季节动态及其影响因素.草业学报,2012,21(4):307-312.
[27]施建军,洪绂曾,马玉寿, 等.人工调控对禾草混播草地群落特征的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2009, 17(6):745-751.
[28]杨慧茹,马玉寿,施建军,等.调控措施对“黑土滩”混播草地人工植被的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2011, 20(5):191-198.
[29]刘玉,马玉寿,李世雄,等.青海湖北岸不同类型退耕还草地群落物种多样性和生物量特征研究.西北农业学报,2014,23(1):48-52.
[30]宇万太,于永强.植物地下生物量研究进展.应用生态学报,2001,12(6):927-932.
[31]李凯辉,王万林,胡玉昆,等.不同海拔梯度高寒草地地下生物量与环境因子的关系.应用生态学报,2008,19(11):2364-2368.
[32]王艳芬,汪诗平.不同放牧率对内蒙古典型草原地下生物量的影响.草地学报,1999,7(3):198-203.
[33]刘伟,周华坤,周立.不同程度退化草地生物量的分布模式.中国草地学报,2005,27(2):9-15.
[34]金云翔,徐斌,杨秀春,等.不同沙化程度草原地下生物量及其环境因素特征.草业学报,2013,22(5):44-51.
[35]王敏,苏永中,杨荣,等.黑河中游荒漠草地地上和地下生物量的分配格局.植物生态学报,2013,37(3):209-219.
[36]陈晶,王峰,谢应忠,等.沙芦草+胡枝子混播草地的生物量及土壤速效养分.草业科学,2015,32(4):492-500.
[37]杨婷婷,高永,吴新宏,等.小针茅草原植被地下与地上生物量季节动态及根冠比变化规律.干旱区研究,2013.30(1):109-114.
[38]Mokany, K.,R.J. Raison, and A.S. Prokushkin.Critical analysis of root:shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes.Global Change Biology,2006,12(1):84-96.
[39]Jmo, S.and D.O. Hall.The global carbon sink: a grassland perspective.Global Change Biology,1998.4(2):229-233.
[40]侯宪宽,董全民,施建军,等.相同建植年限2种类型人工草地群落结构及物种多样性研究.草地学报,2014,22(5):000961-965.
[41]何孝德.海拔对不同功能群植物重要值影响的研究.青海草业,2013, 22(3):10-12.