钻井液用微乳液润滑剂NE的研究与应用
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摘要
当前钻井液用液体润滑剂存在抗温性能差、制备工艺复杂、起泡率及荧光级别高等难题,制约了水平井钻井井眼的有效延伸,降低了钻井效率。结合胶体与界面化学基础理论,以液态石蜡、Span80及Tween80等为原料,研发出一种微乳液润滑剂NE,并通过室内实验评价了其性能,分析了其主要润滑机理。研究结果表明,NE稀释后形成的纳米液滴呈正电性,平均粒径在187~258 nm之间;加入2.0%NE后膨润土浆的润滑系数降低率为83.8%,泥饼黏附系数降低率为74.2%;NE可抗160℃高温,耐温性良好,荧光级别为2级,起泡率低,与钻井液配伍性良好;基于吸附作用与纳米效应,NE可良好地吸附在矿物与金属钻具表面,大幅提高润滑效率。现场应用结果表明,NE可大幅降低钻柱扭矩与摩阻,减少卡钻事故发生频率,满足水平井段钻井液润滑性的技术要求。
Deficiencies have been found of the drilling fluid lubricants used presently, such as poor high temperature stability, complex preparation process, severe foaming and high level of fluorescence etc. These deficiencies have hindered drilling horizontal wells with longer horizontal displacement, and decreased drilling efficiency. A new micro emulsion lubricant, NE, has been developed with liquid paraffin, Span80 and Tween80 etc. based on the basic principle of colloid and interface chemistry. Laboratory study on the performance of NE showed that the nanophase liquid drops formed by the dispersed NE are positively charged, and the average diameter of the drops is between 187 nm and 258 nm. A bentonite slurry treated with 2.0% NE has its coefficient of friction reduced by 83.8%, and sticking coefficient of mud cake reduced by 74.2%. NE has good high temperature stability; it performs effectively at 160 ℃. NE has fluorescence level of 2 and is resistant to foaming. NE is compatible very well with drilling fluids. NE can firmly adsorb on the surfaces of minerals and metallic drilling tools through nano effect, thereby greatly enhance the lubricating efficiency of the drilling fluid. Field application has demonstrated that NE greatly reduced torque and friction of drilling tools and minimized the occurrence of pipe sticking, satisfying the lubricity requirement imposed on drilling fluid in horizontal drilling.
Deficiencies have been found of the drilling fluid lubricants used presently, such as poor high temperature stability, complex preparation process, severe foaming and high level of fluorescence etc. These deficiencies have hindered drilling horizontal wells with longer horizontal displacement, and decreased drilling efficiency. A new micro emulsion lubricant, NE, has been developed with liquid paraffin, Span80 and Tween80 etc. based on the basic principle of colloid and interface chemistry. Laboratory study on the performance of NE showed that the nanophase liquid drops formed by the dispersed NE are positively charged, and the average diameter of the drops is between 187 nm and 258 nm. A bentonite slurry treated with 2.0% NE has its coefficient of friction reduced by 83.8%, and sticking coefficient of mud cake reduced by 74.2%. NE has good high temperature stability; it performs effectively at 160 ℃. NE has fluorescence level of 2 and is resistant to foaming. NE is compatible very well with drilling fluids. NE can firmly adsorb on the surfaces of minerals and metallic drilling tools through nano effect, thereby greatly enhance the lubricating efficiency of the drilling fluid. Field application has demonstrated that NE greatly reduced torque and friction of drilling tools and minimized the occurrence of pipe sticking, satisfying the lubricity requirement imposed on drilling fluid in horizontal drilling.
引文
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[13]陈亮,吕忠楷.钻井液用极压润滑剂JM-1的制备与应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(5):54-57.CHEN Liang,LYU Zhongkai.Development and application of drilling fluid extreme-pressure lubricant JM-1[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2016,33(5):54-57.
[14]MOUSAVI P,WANG D,GRANT C S,et al.Measuring thermal degradation of a polyol ester lubricant in liquid phase[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2005,44(15):5455-5464.
[15]刘爱军.钻井液处理剂荧光问题的认识与思考[J].钻井液与完井液,2003,20(2):9-12.LIU Aijun.Understanding and pondering over fluorescence problem of drilling fluid additives[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2003,20(2):9-12.
[16]逯贵广.环保型钻井用高效润滑剂NH-HPL的制备与性能评价[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(5):85-89.LU Guiguang.Preparation and performance evaluation of environmentally friendly efficient lubricant NH-HPL for drilling[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2017,32(5):85-89.
[17]FORGIARINI A,ESQUENA J,GONZALEZ C,et al.Studies of the relation between phase behavior and emulsification methods with nanoemulsion formation[J].Trends in Colloid and Interface Science,2000,115:36-39.
[18]刘保双,唐代绪,薛玉志,等.新型钻井液润滑剂HML-1的配方优选与性能评价[J].特种油气藏,2002,9(5):84-87.LIU Baoshuang,TANG Daixu,XUE Yuzhi,et al.Formula optimization and performance evaluation of drilfing fluid lubricant HML-1[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2002,9(5):84-87.
[19]吕开河,陈亚男,张佳,等.钻井液用防塌润滑剂研究与应用[J].海洋石油,2011,31(3):78-80.LYV Kaihe,CHEN Yanan,ZHANG Jia,et al.Application and research of anti-sloughing lubricant for drilling fluids[J].Offshore Oil,2011,31(3):78-80.
[20]吕鑫,景艳,岳湘安.高效有机硅消泡剂的制备[J].精细化工,2005,22(9):688-690.LYV Xin,JING Yan,YUE Xiang′an.Preparation of silicone defoaming agent[J].Fine Chemicals,2005,22(9):688-690.
[21]解洪祥,王绪美,赵福祥,等.钻井液用泥饼黏附润滑剂BH-MAL的研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2014,31(5):22-24.XIE Hongxiang,WANG Xumei,ZHAO Fuxiang,et al.Study on a new drilling fluid lubricant BH-MAL[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2014,31(5):22-24.
[22]张文,杜昱熹,孔凡波.一种乳液型钻井液润滑剂的制备及性能评价[J].石油与天然气化工,2016,45(4):73-76.ZHANG Wen,DU Yuxi,KONG Fanbo.Preparation and evaluation of an emulsion-type drilling lubricant[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,2016,45(4):73-76.
[23]李一平.钻井液用生物柴油乳液润滑剂的研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2017.LI Yiping.Study on the lubricant of biodiesel emulsion used in drilling fluid[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2017.
[2]谢彬强,邱正松,黄维安,等.大位移井钻井液关键技术问题[J].钻井液与完井液,2012,29(2):76-82.XIE Binqiang,QIU Zhengsong,HUANG Wei′an,et al.Summary on key technical issues of drilling fluid for extenfed reach well[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2012,29(2):76-82.
[3]黄熠.南海高温高压勘探钻井技术现状及展望[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(6):737-745.HUANG Yi.Drilling technology for HTHP exploration in South China Sea and its prospect[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(6):737-745.
[4]田宗强,韦龙贵,韩成,等.东方1-1气田浅层大位移水平井钻井液优化与实践[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(6):713-718.TIAN Zongqiang,WEI Longgui,HAN Cheng,et al.Optimization and application of drilling fluid in the shallow extended-reach horizontal well in Dongfang1-1 Gasfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(6):713-718.
[5]LESCURE J,TENG J,DEGOUY D,et al.Development and field trial of a non-aqueous-based mud lubricant[C].SPE 166545,2013:1-14.
[6]刘建军,刘晓栋,王彪.钻井液用低荧光高效极压润滑剂BDLU-100L的性能研究[J].油田化学,2016,33(2):200-203.LIU Jianjun,LIU Xiaodong,WANG Biao.Performance of low fluorescence and high efficiency extreme-pressure lubricant BDLU-100L for drilling fluid[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2016,33(2):200-203.
[7]王伟吉,邱正松,钟汉毅,等.钻井液用新型纳米润滑剂SD-NR的制备及特性[J].断块油气田,2016,23(1):113-116.WANG Weiji,QIU Zhengsong,ZHONG Hanyi,et al.Preparation and properties of nanoparticle-based lubricant SD-NR for drilling fluids[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2016,23(1):113-116.
[8]ATABANI A E,SILITONGA A S,ONG H C,et al.Non-edible vegetable oils:a critical evaluation of oil extraction,fatty acid compositions,biodiesel production,characteristics,engine performance and emissions production[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2013,18:211-245.
[9]SKALLE P,BACKE K R,LYOMOV S K,et al.Microbeads as lubricant in drilling muds using a modified lubricity tester[C].SPE 56562,1999:1-7.
[10]祁亚男,吕振华,严波,等.新型植物油钻井液润滑剂的研究与应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2015,32(3):39-41.QI Yanan,LYV Zhenhua,YAN Bo,et al.Study andapplication of new vegetable lubricant used in drilling fluid[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2015,32(3):39-41.
[11]王在明,李睿,朱宽亮,等.JZLu-1高效润滑剂的制备及现场应用[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(5):79-83.WANG Zaiming,LI Rui,ZHU Kuangliang,et al.The development and field applicantion of JZLu-1 highefficiency lubricants[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(5):79-83.
[12]金军斌.钻井液用润滑剂研究进展[J].应用化工,2017,46(4):770-774.JIN Junbin.Research advances of the lubricants for drilling fluid[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2017,46(4):770-774.
[13]陈亮,吕忠楷.钻井液用极压润滑剂JM-1的制备与应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(5):54-57.CHEN Liang,LYU Zhongkai.Development and application of drilling fluid extreme-pressure lubricant JM-1[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2016,33(5):54-57.
[14]MOUSAVI P,WANG D,GRANT C S,et al.Measuring thermal degradation of a polyol ester lubricant in liquid phase[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2005,44(15):5455-5464.
[15]刘爱军.钻井液处理剂荧光问题的认识与思考[J].钻井液与完井液,2003,20(2):9-12.LIU Aijun.Understanding and pondering over fluorescence problem of drilling fluid additives[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2003,20(2):9-12.
[16]逯贵广.环保型钻井用高效润滑剂NH-HPL的制备与性能评价[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(5):85-89.LU Guiguang.Preparation and performance evaluation of environmentally friendly efficient lubricant NH-HPL for drilling[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2017,32(5):85-89.
[17]FORGIARINI A,ESQUENA J,GONZALEZ C,et al.Studies of the relation between phase behavior and emulsification methods with nanoemulsion formation[J].Trends in Colloid and Interface Science,2000,115:36-39.
[18]刘保双,唐代绪,薛玉志,等.新型钻井液润滑剂HML-1的配方优选与性能评价[J].特种油气藏,2002,9(5):84-87.LIU Baoshuang,TANG Daixu,XUE Yuzhi,et al.Formula optimization and performance evaluation of drilfing fluid lubricant HML-1[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2002,9(5):84-87.
[19]吕开河,陈亚男,张佳,等.钻井液用防塌润滑剂研究与应用[J].海洋石油,2011,31(3):78-80.LYV Kaihe,CHEN Yanan,ZHANG Jia,et al.Application and research of anti-sloughing lubricant for drilling fluids[J].Offshore Oil,2011,31(3):78-80.
[20]吕鑫,景艳,岳湘安.高效有机硅消泡剂的制备[J].精细化工,2005,22(9):688-690.LYV Xin,JING Yan,YUE Xiang′an.Preparation of silicone defoaming agent[J].Fine Chemicals,2005,22(9):688-690.
[21]解洪祥,王绪美,赵福祥,等.钻井液用泥饼黏附润滑剂BH-MAL的研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2014,31(5):22-24.XIE Hongxiang,WANG Xumei,ZHAO Fuxiang,et al.Study on a new drilling fluid lubricant BH-MAL[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2014,31(5):22-24.
[22]张文,杜昱熹,孔凡波.一种乳液型钻井液润滑剂的制备及性能评价[J].石油与天然气化工,2016,45(4):73-76.ZHANG Wen,DU Yuxi,KONG Fanbo.Preparation and evaluation of an emulsion-type drilling lubricant[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,2016,45(4):73-76.
[23]李一平.钻井液用生物柴油乳液润滑剂的研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2017.LI Yiping.Study on the lubricant of biodiesel emulsion used in drilling fluid[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2017.