玄武岩纤维增强聚乳酸力学性能及耐老化性能
|
摘要
通过拉伸实验和老化实验,研究了玄武岩纤维含量对BF/PLA拉伸性能、抗冲击性能及耐老化性能的影响规律,通过DSC实验得到BF/PLA复合材料的结晶度,分析其耐老化原因。随着质量分数增加,其拉伸强度增加可达到141 MPa,弹性模量达到5 GPa,达到峰值后又减小。质量分数达到30%时,缺口冲击强度和非缺口冲击强度分别达到6.7 kJ/m~2和20.76 kJ/m~2。DSC实验结果表明,随着玄武岩纤维含量的增加,聚乳酸复合材料的结晶度由34.6%增加到54.6%,而结晶度的增加可以减缓聚乳酸的降解速度。当质量分数达到60%时,老化实验后的弹性模量可以保持降解前的77%,延缓降解速度较为明显。经分析,拉伸强度与玄武岩纤维质量分数呈二次多项式关系,而弹性模量与玄武岩纤维质量分数之间呈线性关系。这种函数关系不受材料力学性能下降的影响。
With tests, the tensile properties, impact properties and aging resistance of PLA composites with basalt fibers as reinforcement were investigated. With DSC, crystallininty of the basalt fiber composites are obtained. With the mass fraction increasing, tensile strength and tensile modulus reach 141 MPa and 5 GPa respectively which are the best. However, the tensile properties decrease. The impact strength reach 20.76 kJ/m~2 and 6.7 kJ/m~2 respectively when the mass fraction is 30%. The results of DSC test show that the crystallinity of polylactic acid composite increases from 34.6% to 54.6% with the increase of basalt fiber content, and the increase of crystallinity can slow down the degradation rate of polylactic acid. After 48 h accelerated aging, the tensile modulus maintains 77% of the value before the aging test. Stable functional relationships that are not affected by aging between the tensile properties and mass fraction are found. Second linear fitting relationship is found between tensile strength and mass fraction. Near linearity is found between the tensile modulus and mass fraction.
With tests, the tensile properties, impact properties and aging resistance of PLA composites with basalt fibers as reinforcement were investigated. With DSC, crystallininty of the basalt fiber composites are obtained. With the mass fraction increasing, tensile strength and tensile modulus reach 141 MPa and 5 GPa respectively which are the best. However, the tensile properties decrease. The impact strength reach 20.76 kJ/m~2 and 6.7 kJ/m~2 respectively when the mass fraction is 30%. The results of DSC test show that the crystallinity of polylactic acid composite increases from 34.6% to 54.6% with the increase of basalt fiber content, and the increase of crystallinity can slow down the degradation rate of polylactic acid. After 48 h accelerated aging, the tensile modulus maintains 77% of the value before the aging test. Stable functional relationships that are not affected by aging between the tensile properties and mass fraction are found. Second linear fitting relationship is found between tensile strength and mass fraction. Near linearity is found between the tensile modulus and mass fraction.
引文
[1]孙建亮,刘复星,柴静.中国报废汽车材料的组成及再生技术现状分析[J].上海汽车,2014,(11):54-58.Sun J L,Liu F X,Chai J.Analysis on the composition of China’s scrapped automobile materials and the status of regenerative technology[J].Shanghai Auto,2014,(11):54-58.
[2]Feng Y,Hong Z,Cheng J,et al.Environmental-friendly reliability allocation for product platform based on expert measurement and ICN[J].Computers&Electrical Engineering,2017,64:132-144.
[3]世界汽车.助力汽车产业可持续发展,引导生态绿色消费--中国生态汽车评价(C-ECAP)第一批车型结果发布[J].世界汽车,2016,(1):110-115.World Auto.A.Promote sustainable development of automobile industry and guide eco-green consumption[J].World Auto,2016,(1):110-115.
[4]余承涛,韩理理,包建娜,等.不同构型聚乳酸共混体系的立构复合结晶研究进展[J].化工学报,2016,67(2):390-396.Yu C T,Han L L,Bao J N,et al.Research progress on stereo complex crystallization of poly(lactic acid)enantiomeric blends[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(2):390-396.
[5]田蓉,王贤保,陈蓉,等.可降解碳纳米管/聚乳酸复合材料的制备及性能[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(1):26-30.Tian R,Wang X B,Chen R,et al.Preparation and properties of biodegradable carbon nanotube/poly(L-lactide)composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(1):26-30.
[6]杜军,宋永明,张志军,等.MAH/GMA共接枝聚乳酸对木粉/PLA复合材料性能的影响[J].材料工程,2017,45(12):30-36.Du J,Song Y M,Zhang Z J,et al.Influence of maleic anhydride/glycidyl methacrylate cografted polylactic acid on properties of wood flour/PLA composites[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2017,45(12):30-36.
[7]刘雪娇,杨琳,唐澜,等.聚乳酸基纳米纤维素/石墨烯导电复合膜的制备与表征[J].化工学报,2017,68(12):4833-4840.Liu X J,Yang L,Tang L,et al.Preparation and characterization of polylactic acid-based cellulose nanofibers/graphene conductive composite membranes[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(12):4833-4840.
[8]赵永青,陈福泉,冯彦洪,等.聚乳酸/环氧大豆油共混物的性能[J].化工学报,2014,65(10):4197-4202.Zhao Y Q,Chen F Q,Feng Y H,et al.Properties of poly(lactic acid)/epoxidized soybean oil blends[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(10):4197-4202.
[9]万同,杨光瑞,张婕,等.柠檬酸醚酯增塑剂的合成及增塑聚乳酸[J].材料工程,2015,43(5):67-74.Wan T,Yang G R,Zhang J,et al.Synthesis of tri-(triethylene glycol-monobutyrate)citrate and its plasticizing effect for poly(lactic acid)[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2015,43(5):67-74.
[10]周福刚,董向红,万怡灶,等.碳纤维增强聚乳酸(C/PLA)复合材料的力学性能(Ⅰ)[J].材料工程,2000,5:16-18.Zhou F G,Dong X H,Wan Y Z,et al.Mechanical performance of carbon fiber-reinforced polylactide matrix(C/PLA)composites(Ⅰ)[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2000,5:16-18.
[11]曹燕琳,尹静波,颜世峰.生物可降解聚乳酸的改性及其应用研究进展[J].高分子通报,2006,84(10):90-97.Cao Y L,Yin J B,Yan S F.Biodegradable polylactic acid[J].Chinese Polymer Bulletin,2006,84(10):90-97.
[12]宋亚男,陈绍状,侯丽华,等.植物纤维增强聚乳酸可降解复合材料的研究[J].高分子通报,2011,(9):111-120.Song Y N,Chen S Z,Hou L H,et al.Study on the biodegradable composite materials of plant fiber reinforced polylactic acid[J].Chinese Polymer Bulletin,2011,(9):111-120.
[13]崔玲娜,刘跃军.PLA/PBAu嵌段共聚物合成工艺优化及降解性能[J].化工学报,2018,69(9):4075-4082.Cui L N,Liu Y J.Synthesis process optimization and degradation properties of PLA/PBAu block copolymer[J].CIESC Journal,2018,69(9):4075-4082.
[14]吕闪闪,谭海彦,左迎峰,等.生物可降解聚乳酸基复合材料研究进展[J].化工进展,2014,33(11):2975-2981.Lyu S S,Tan H Y,Zuo Y F,et al.Progress of biodegradable polylactic acid based composite material[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2014,33(11):2975-2981.
[15]王春红,王瑞,沈路,等.亚麻落麻纤维/聚乳酸基完全可降解复合材料的成型工艺[J].复合材料学报,2008,25(2):63-67.Wang C H,Wang R,Shen L,et al.Forming technology of flax noil fibers reinforced polylactide biodegradable composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2008,25(2):63-67.
[16]叶超林.改性剑麻纤维及其增强聚乳酸复合材料的性能研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2016.Ye C L.Research on the properties of modi-fied sisal fibers and reinforced polylactide bio-composites[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2016.
[17]Yusoff R B,Takagi H,Nakagaito A N.Tensile and flexural properties of polylactic acid-based hybrid green composites reinforced by kenaf,bamboo and coir fibers[J].Industrial Crops&Products,2016,94:562-573.
[18]Nassiopoulos E,Njuguna J.Thermo-mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid)/flax fibre-reinforced biocomposites[J].Materials&Design,2015,66:473-485.
[19]刘涛,赵秀丽,余雪江,等.玻璃纤维增强聚乳酸的制备与性能研究[J].塑料科技,2009,37(10):54-57.Liu T,Zhao X L,Yu X J,et al.Study on preparation and properties of glass fiber reinforced polylactide[J].Plastics Science and Technology,2009,37(10):54-57.
[20]齐锦刚,曹丽云,王建中,等.碳纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料体外降解特性[J].复合材料学报,2005,22(2):34-37.Qi J G,Cao L Y,Wang J Z,et al.In vitro degradation characteristic of carbon fiber reinforced polylactide(C/PLA)composite[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2005,22(2):34-37.
[21]廉杰,杨勇新,杨萌,等.短切玄武岩纤维增强混凝土力学性能的试验研究[J].工业建筑,2007,37(6):8-10.Lian J,Yang Y X,Yang M,et al.Experimental research on the mechanical behavior of chopped basalt fiber reinforced concrete[J].Industrial Construction,2007,37(6):8-10.
[22]杨莉,徐文正.聚乳酸/玄武岩纤维复合材料的制备及性能研究[J].中国塑料,2016,30(11):48-52.Yang L,Xu W Z.Study on preparation and properties of poly(lactic acid)/basalt fiber composite[J].China Plastics,2016,30(11):48-52.
[23]齐风杰,李锦文,李传校,等.连续玄武岩纤维研究综述[J].高科技纤维与应用,2006,31(2):42-46.Qi F J,Li J W,Li C X,et al.Summary on the research of continuous basalt fibre[J].Hi-Tech Fiber&Application,2006,31(2):42-46.
[24]王岚,陈阳,李振伟.连续玄武岩纤维及其复合材料的研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2000,6(6):22-24.Wang L,Chen Y,Li Z W.Properties of continuous basalt fiber and composites[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2000,6(6):22-24.
[25]王明超,张佐光,孙志杰,等.连续玄武岩纤维及其复合材料耐腐蚀特性[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2006,32(10):1255-1258.Wang M C,Zhang Z G,Sun Z J,et al.Corrosion resistance characteristic of continuous basalt fiber and its reinforcing composites[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2006,32(10):1255-1258.
[26]Tábi T,égerházi A Z,Tamás P,et al.Investigation of injection moulded poly(lactic acid)reinforced with long basalt fibres[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science&Manufacturing,2014,64(21):99-106.
[27]Grizzi I,Garreau H,Li S,et al.Hydrolytic degradation of devices based on poly(L-lactic acid)size-dependence[J].Biomaterials,1995,16(4):305-311.
[28]Harris A M,Lee E C.Durability of polylactide based polymer blends for injection molded applications[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,128(3):2136-2144.
[29]孙媚华,陈迁,宋光泉.聚乳酸的降解研究[J].化工新型材料,2013,41(1):140-142.Sun M H,Chen Q,Song G Q.Research of degradation of polylactic acid[J].New Chemical Materials,2013,41(1):140-142.
[30]董奇伟.聚乳酸降解性能研究进展[J].塑料制造,2011,(3):66-69.Dong Q W.Research progress of degradation of PLA[J].Plastics Manufacture,2011,(3):66-69.
[31]刘磊,吴若峰.聚乳酸类材料的水解特性[J].合成材料老化与应用,2006,35(1):44-48.Liu L,Wu R F.Hydrolytic properties of PLA[J].Synthetic Materials Aging and Application,2006,35(1):44-48.
[2]Feng Y,Hong Z,Cheng J,et al.Environmental-friendly reliability allocation for product platform based on expert measurement and ICN[J].Computers&Electrical Engineering,2017,64:132-144.
[3]世界汽车.助力汽车产业可持续发展,引导生态绿色消费--中国生态汽车评价(C-ECAP)第一批车型结果发布[J].世界汽车,2016,(1):110-115.World Auto.A.Promote sustainable development of automobile industry and guide eco-green consumption[J].World Auto,2016,(1):110-115.
[4]余承涛,韩理理,包建娜,等.不同构型聚乳酸共混体系的立构复合结晶研究进展[J].化工学报,2016,67(2):390-396.Yu C T,Han L L,Bao J N,et al.Research progress on stereo complex crystallization of poly(lactic acid)enantiomeric blends[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(2):390-396.
[5]田蓉,王贤保,陈蓉,等.可降解碳纳米管/聚乳酸复合材料的制备及性能[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(1):26-30.Tian R,Wang X B,Chen R,et al.Preparation and properties of biodegradable carbon nanotube/poly(L-lactide)composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(1):26-30.
[6]杜军,宋永明,张志军,等.MAH/GMA共接枝聚乳酸对木粉/PLA复合材料性能的影响[J].材料工程,2017,45(12):30-36.Du J,Song Y M,Zhang Z J,et al.Influence of maleic anhydride/glycidyl methacrylate cografted polylactic acid on properties of wood flour/PLA composites[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2017,45(12):30-36.
[7]刘雪娇,杨琳,唐澜,等.聚乳酸基纳米纤维素/石墨烯导电复合膜的制备与表征[J].化工学报,2017,68(12):4833-4840.Liu X J,Yang L,Tang L,et al.Preparation and characterization of polylactic acid-based cellulose nanofibers/graphene conductive composite membranes[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(12):4833-4840.
[8]赵永青,陈福泉,冯彦洪,等.聚乳酸/环氧大豆油共混物的性能[J].化工学报,2014,65(10):4197-4202.Zhao Y Q,Chen F Q,Feng Y H,et al.Properties of poly(lactic acid)/epoxidized soybean oil blends[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(10):4197-4202.
[9]万同,杨光瑞,张婕,等.柠檬酸醚酯增塑剂的合成及增塑聚乳酸[J].材料工程,2015,43(5):67-74.Wan T,Yang G R,Zhang J,et al.Synthesis of tri-(triethylene glycol-monobutyrate)citrate and its plasticizing effect for poly(lactic acid)[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2015,43(5):67-74.
[10]周福刚,董向红,万怡灶,等.碳纤维增强聚乳酸(C/PLA)复合材料的力学性能(Ⅰ)[J].材料工程,2000,5:16-18.Zhou F G,Dong X H,Wan Y Z,et al.Mechanical performance of carbon fiber-reinforced polylactide matrix(C/PLA)composites(Ⅰ)[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2000,5:16-18.
[11]曹燕琳,尹静波,颜世峰.生物可降解聚乳酸的改性及其应用研究进展[J].高分子通报,2006,84(10):90-97.Cao Y L,Yin J B,Yan S F.Biodegradable polylactic acid[J].Chinese Polymer Bulletin,2006,84(10):90-97.
[12]宋亚男,陈绍状,侯丽华,等.植物纤维增强聚乳酸可降解复合材料的研究[J].高分子通报,2011,(9):111-120.Song Y N,Chen S Z,Hou L H,et al.Study on the biodegradable composite materials of plant fiber reinforced polylactic acid[J].Chinese Polymer Bulletin,2011,(9):111-120.
[13]崔玲娜,刘跃军.PLA/PBAu嵌段共聚物合成工艺优化及降解性能[J].化工学报,2018,69(9):4075-4082.Cui L N,Liu Y J.Synthesis process optimization and degradation properties of PLA/PBAu block copolymer[J].CIESC Journal,2018,69(9):4075-4082.
[14]吕闪闪,谭海彦,左迎峰,等.生物可降解聚乳酸基复合材料研究进展[J].化工进展,2014,33(11):2975-2981.Lyu S S,Tan H Y,Zuo Y F,et al.Progress of biodegradable polylactic acid based composite material[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2014,33(11):2975-2981.
[15]王春红,王瑞,沈路,等.亚麻落麻纤维/聚乳酸基完全可降解复合材料的成型工艺[J].复合材料学报,2008,25(2):63-67.Wang C H,Wang R,Shen L,et al.Forming technology of flax noil fibers reinforced polylactide biodegradable composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2008,25(2):63-67.
[16]叶超林.改性剑麻纤维及其增强聚乳酸复合材料的性能研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2016.Ye C L.Research on the properties of modi-fied sisal fibers and reinforced polylactide bio-composites[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2016.
[17]Yusoff R B,Takagi H,Nakagaito A N.Tensile and flexural properties of polylactic acid-based hybrid green composites reinforced by kenaf,bamboo and coir fibers[J].Industrial Crops&Products,2016,94:562-573.
[18]Nassiopoulos E,Njuguna J.Thermo-mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid)/flax fibre-reinforced biocomposites[J].Materials&Design,2015,66:473-485.
[19]刘涛,赵秀丽,余雪江,等.玻璃纤维增强聚乳酸的制备与性能研究[J].塑料科技,2009,37(10):54-57.Liu T,Zhao X L,Yu X J,et al.Study on preparation and properties of glass fiber reinforced polylactide[J].Plastics Science and Technology,2009,37(10):54-57.
[20]齐锦刚,曹丽云,王建中,等.碳纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料体外降解特性[J].复合材料学报,2005,22(2):34-37.Qi J G,Cao L Y,Wang J Z,et al.In vitro degradation characteristic of carbon fiber reinforced polylactide(C/PLA)composite[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2005,22(2):34-37.
[21]廉杰,杨勇新,杨萌,等.短切玄武岩纤维增强混凝土力学性能的试验研究[J].工业建筑,2007,37(6):8-10.Lian J,Yang Y X,Yang M,et al.Experimental research on the mechanical behavior of chopped basalt fiber reinforced concrete[J].Industrial Construction,2007,37(6):8-10.
[22]杨莉,徐文正.聚乳酸/玄武岩纤维复合材料的制备及性能研究[J].中国塑料,2016,30(11):48-52.Yang L,Xu W Z.Study on preparation and properties of poly(lactic acid)/basalt fiber composite[J].China Plastics,2016,30(11):48-52.
[23]齐风杰,李锦文,李传校,等.连续玄武岩纤维研究综述[J].高科技纤维与应用,2006,31(2):42-46.Qi F J,Li J W,Li C X,et al.Summary on the research of continuous basalt fibre[J].Hi-Tech Fiber&Application,2006,31(2):42-46.
[24]王岚,陈阳,李振伟.连续玄武岩纤维及其复合材料的研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2000,6(6):22-24.Wang L,Chen Y,Li Z W.Properties of continuous basalt fiber and composites[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2000,6(6):22-24.
[25]王明超,张佐光,孙志杰,等.连续玄武岩纤维及其复合材料耐腐蚀特性[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2006,32(10):1255-1258.Wang M C,Zhang Z G,Sun Z J,et al.Corrosion resistance characteristic of continuous basalt fiber and its reinforcing composites[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2006,32(10):1255-1258.
[26]Tábi T,égerházi A Z,Tamás P,et al.Investigation of injection moulded poly(lactic acid)reinforced with long basalt fibres[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science&Manufacturing,2014,64(21):99-106.
[27]Grizzi I,Garreau H,Li S,et al.Hydrolytic degradation of devices based on poly(L-lactic acid)size-dependence[J].Biomaterials,1995,16(4):305-311.
[28]Harris A M,Lee E C.Durability of polylactide based polymer blends for injection molded applications[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,128(3):2136-2144.
[29]孙媚华,陈迁,宋光泉.聚乳酸的降解研究[J].化工新型材料,2013,41(1):140-142.Sun M H,Chen Q,Song G Q.Research of degradation of polylactic acid[J].New Chemical Materials,2013,41(1):140-142.
[30]董奇伟.聚乳酸降解性能研究进展[J].塑料制造,2011,(3):66-69.Dong Q W.Research progress of degradation of PLA[J].Plastics Manufacture,2011,(3):66-69.
[31]刘磊,吴若峰.聚乳酸类材料的水解特性[J].合成材料老化与应用,2006,35(1):44-48.Liu L,Wu R F.Hydrolytic properties of PLA[J].Synthetic Materials Aging and Application,2006,35(1):44-48.