大气中持久性有机污染物被动采样技术及其在偏远区域的应用研究进展
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摘要
持久性有机污染物(POPs)可通过"全球蒸馏效应"和"高山冷凝效应"等从污染源长距离传输至极地、高山等偏远区域,并在当地环境和生物体内不断富集放大,给其脆弱的生态系统带来了风险.被动式大气采样器(PAS)被广泛应用于极地等偏远区域大气中POPs的大尺度采样,为评价偏远地区大气中传统POPs的污染水平和变化趋势,以及评估POPs履约成效做出了重要贡献.近年来, PAS还被应用于研究新型POPs在全球的迁移、转化、归趋等环境行为,取得了较好的效果.本文介绍了常见的5种被动式大气采样技术(SPMD-PAS、PUF-PAS、XAD-2-PAS、SIP-PAS和FTS)及其发展历程,并重点对其在南、北极和青藏高原等偏远区域的应用及这些区域POPs污染现状进行了综述,提出了该领域未来的发展趋势和需求.
Persistent organic pollutants can undergo long-range transport and deposit in remote areas (e.g., high mountains, polar areas) through "global distillation effects" or "cold condensation". This behavior of POPs would pose great risks to the fragile polar ecosystem. Passive air samplers are widely applied to air sampling program at large scales and they are very useful to monitor the pollution levels of legacy POPs in remote areas. They have been widely used to trace the environmental behavior of emerging POPs in the past few decades. The application of PAS has contributed a lot to offer fundamental data to the Stockholm Convention. This study introduced five passive air sampling techniques (SPMD-PAS, PUF-PAS, XAD-2-PAS, SIP-PAS and FTS) and their development history, especially emphasizing on their application and the current pollution of legacy and emerging POPs in remote areas, such as Antarctic, Arctic and Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, the potential need and future application of PAS were also discussed.
Persistent organic pollutants can undergo long-range transport and deposit in remote areas (e.g., high mountains, polar areas) through "global distillation effects" or "cold condensation". This behavior of POPs would pose great risks to the fragile polar ecosystem. Passive air samplers are widely applied to air sampling program at large scales and they are very useful to monitor the pollution levels of legacy POPs in remote areas. They have been widely used to trace the environmental behavior of emerging POPs in the past few decades. The application of PAS has contributed a lot to offer fundamental data to the Stockholm Convention. This study introduced five passive air sampling techniques (SPMD-PAS, PUF-PAS, XAD-2-PAS, SIP-PAS and FTS) and their development history, especially emphasizing on their application and the current pollution of legacy and emerging POPs in remote areas, such as Antarctic, Arctic and Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, the potential need and future application of PAS were also discussed.
引文
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