电子束和γ射线对油料氧化及霉菌的影响
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摘要
目的探讨电子束和γ射线等2种射线对油料脂肪氧化及霉菌含量的影响。方法以花生、芝麻、大豆为原料,采用1,3,5,7,9 kGy的辐照剂量对样品进行辐照处理,分析不同射线和不同剂量处理对原料含油率、酸价、过氧化值和霉菌总数的影响。结果辐照对油料含油率基本无影响;2种射线辐照均能有效地降低花生、芝麻和大豆的酸价,而且变化规律相似,在电子束辐照剂量为5 kGy下花生、芝麻和大豆的酸价最低,分别降低了54.29%,37.50%,37.33%。γ射线辐照对花生和芝麻的酸价的下降幅度大于电子束辐照,而大豆的情况则相反;2种射线辐照对花生过氧化值的影响不大,但γ射线辐照的过氧化值整体上略低于电子束辐照;2种射线辐照在一定程度上增加了芝麻的过氧化值;大豆的过氧化值随着2种射线辐照剂量的增加而降低,在1～5 kGy剂量下,γ射线辐照降低大豆的过氧化值的幅度整体低于电子束辐照。辐照能有效地杀灭油料中的霉菌,且辐照剂量越大其杀菌效果越好。相比而言,γ射线辐照对油料的霉菌杀灭效果好于电子束辐照。结论 2种射线在3 kGy辐照剂量下对油料质量无显著的负面影响,可作为油料防虫和防霉的适宜剂量。
The work aims to investigate the effects of electron beam and γ-ray on the fat oxidation and mold content of oil plants. Peanut, sesame and soybean were irradiated with 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 kGy irradiation dose. The effects of different rays and different irradiation dose on oil content, acid value, peroxide value and total mold number were analyzed. Irradiation basically had no effect on the oil content of oil plants. Two kinds of irradiation could effectively reduce the acid value of peanut, sesame and soybean, and the change law was similar. The acid value of peanut, sesame and soybean was the lowest at 5 kGy electron beam irradiation dose, which was reduced by 54.29%, 37.50% and 37.33%, respectively. The de-crease of acid value of peanut and sesame irradiated by γ ray was greater than that by electron beam irradiation, but that of soybean was the opposite. The two kinds of radiation had little effect on the peroxide value of peanut, but the peroxide value of γ-ray irradiation was slightly lower than that of electron beam irradiation. The two kinds of ray irradiation increased the peroxide value of sesame to some extent. With the increase of the dose of the two kinds of radiation, the peroxide value of soybean decreased. At the dose of 1～5 kGy, the reduction of peroxide value of soybean irradiated by γ rays was lower than that irradiated by electron beam. Irradiation could effectively kill the mold in the oil plants; moreover, the larger the irradiation dose, the better the bactericidal effect. In contrast, the γ-ray irradiation had better killing effect on the mold of oil plants than the electron beam irradiation. The irradiation dosage of 3 kGy of the two kinds of rays has no significantly negative impact on the quality of the oil plants, and can be used as a suitable dose for pest control and mold prevention of oil plants.
The work aims to investigate the effects of electron beam and γ-ray on the fat oxidation and mold content of oil plants. Peanut, sesame and soybean were irradiated with 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 kGy irradiation dose. The effects of different rays and different irradiation dose on oil content, acid value, peroxide value and total mold number were analyzed. Irradiation basically had no effect on the oil content of oil plants. Two kinds of irradiation could effectively reduce the acid value of peanut, sesame and soybean, and the change law was similar. The acid value of peanut, sesame and soybean was the lowest at 5 kGy electron beam irradiation dose, which was reduced by 54.29%, 37.50% and 37.33%, respectively. The de-crease of acid value of peanut and sesame irradiated by γ ray was greater than that by electron beam irradiation, but that of soybean was the opposite. The two kinds of radiation had little effect on the peroxide value of peanut, but the peroxide value of γ-ray irradiation was slightly lower than that of electron beam irradiation. The two kinds of ray irradiation increased the peroxide value of sesame to some extent. With the increase of the dose of the two kinds of radiation, the peroxide value of soybean decreased. At the dose of 1～5 kGy, the reduction of peroxide value of soybean irradiated by γ rays was lower than that irradiated by electron beam. Irradiation could effectively kill the mold in the oil plants; moreover, the larger the irradiation dose, the better the bactericidal effect. In contrast, the γ-ray irradiation had better killing effect on the mold of oil plants than the electron beam irradiation. The irradiation dosage of 3 kGy of the two kinds of rays has no significantly negative impact on the quality of the oil plants, and can be used as a suitable dose for pest control and mold prevention of oil plants.
引文
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[10]商飞飞,陈云堂,范家霖,等.电子束辐照对桃仁和杏仁脂肪酸的影响研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(16):319-323.SHANG Fei-fei,CHEN Yun-tang,FAN Jia-lin,et al.Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on Fatty Acids of Semen Persicae and Semen Armeniacae[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2015,36(16):319-323.
[11]王若兰,杨延远,杨志慧.γ射线、电子束处理对玉米品质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2010,31(3):11-13.WANG Ruo-lan,YANG Yan-yuan,YANG Zhi-hui.Effect ofγ-ray and Electrom Bean from Accelerator on Corn Quality[J].Cereal and Feed Industry,2010,31(3):11-13.
[12]王若兰,杨延远.γ射线、电子束处理对籼稻品质的影响[J].食品科技,2010(7):184-188.WANG Ruo-lan,YANG Yan-yuan.Effect ofγ-ray and Electrom Bean from Accelerator on Rice Quality[J].Food Science and Technology,2010(7):184-188.
[13]王若兰,杨延远,郭靖.γ射线、电子束处理对大豆品质的影响[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(5):5-8.WANG Ruo-lan,YANG Yan-yuan,GUO Jing.Effect ofγ-ray and Electrom Bean Treatment on Soybean Quality[J].Journal of Henan University of Technology,2010(7):184-188.
[14]周慧娟,叶正文,施春晖,等.高能电子辐照对猕猴桃保鲜效果的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(25):230.ZHOU Hui-juan,YE Zheng-wen,SHI Chun-hui,et al.Effect of Electron Beam on Fresh-keeping Quality of Kiwifruit[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(25):230.
[15]FERNANDES?,ANTONIO A L,OLIVEIRA M B,et al.Effect of Gamma and Electron Beam Irradiation on the Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Properties of Mushrooms:a Review[J].Food Chemistry,2012,135(2):641-650.
[16]DUAN Z,XING Z,YI S,et al.Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Postharvest Quality and Selected Enzyme Activities of the White Button Mushroom,Agaricusbisporus[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2010,58(17):9617.
[17]尚颐斌.电子束和γ射线辐照对冷鲜肉品质影响的差异及作用机制研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.SHANG Yi-bin.Study on the Comparison Effects and Mechanism of Electron Beam and Gamma Irradiation on Fresh Chilled Pork[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2013.
[18]朱佳廷,刘春泉,余刚,等.辐照杀菌对红枣品质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2006,22(2):164-167.ZHU Jia-ting,LIU Chun-quan,YU Gang,et al.Effects of Irradiation Sterilization on Qualities of Dried Jujubes[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2006,22(2):164-167.
[19]曾名湧.食品保藏原理与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:194-196.ZENG Ming-yong.Food Preservation Principles and Technologies[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007:194-196.
[20]崔龙,王娴,许勃,等.电子束辐照对大豆品质的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(5):900-906.CUI Long,WANG Xian,XU Bo,et al.Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Quality of Soybean[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2018,32(5):900-906.
[21]王晶晶,张成金,汪海燕,等.电子束和γ射线辐照对象拔蚌品质影响的异同性研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(1):73-79.WANG Jing-jing,ZHANG Cheng-jin,WANG Hai-yan,et al.Effects of Electron Beam and Gamma Ray Irradiation on the Physicochemical and Microbial Property of Commercial Fresh Geoduck Clams[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(1):73-79.
[22]GB 2716-2005,食用植物油卫生标准[S].GB 2716-2005,Hygienic Standard for Edible Vegetable Oil[S].
[23]郑秀艳,孟繁博,林茂,等.60Co-γ辐照对花生杀菌效果及其品质的影响[J].现代食品科技,2018(1):91-96.ZHENG Xiu-yan,MENG Fan-bo,LIN Mao,et al.Effect of 60Co-γ-irradiation on the Sterilization and Quality of Arachishypogaea.L[J].Modern Food Science&Technology,2018(1):91-96.
[24]王德宁,冯敏,李澧,等.豆谷类及其制品辐照杀虫防霉剂量要求研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013(27):11138-11139.WANG De-ning,FENG Min,LI Li,et al.Specifications for Irradiation Doses for the Control of Moulds and Insect Disinfestations in Beans,Grains and Their Products[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2013(27):11138-11139.
[25]冯敏,朱佳廷,李澧,等.花生辐照杀虫防霉工艺剂量确定[J].农业科学与技术,2014(3):477-479.FENG Min,ZHU Jia-ting,LI Li,et al.Irradiation Dose for the Insect Disinfestation and Mildew Control of Peanut[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2014(3):477-479.
[26]顾贵强,杨萍,王德宁,等.板栗辐照杀虫防霉工艺剂量要求[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(3):213-215.GU Gui-qiang,YANG Ping,WANG De-ning,et al.Dosage Requirements of Chestnut Irradiated for Insecticidal and Mildew Control[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(3):213-215.
[2]RUBILAR M,MORALES E,SáEZ R,et al.Polyphenolic Fractions Improve the Oxidative Stability of Microencapsulated Linseed Oil[J].European Journal of Lipid Science&Technology,2012,114(7):760-771.
[3]HORUZ T?,MASKAN M.Effect of the Phytochemicals Curcumin,Cinnamaldehyde,Thymol and Carvacrol on the Oxidative Stability of Corn and Palm Oils at Frying Temperatures[J].Journal of Food Science&Technology,2015,52(12):8041-8049.
[4]卿云光,罗在粉.油脂的提取方法对酸价和过氧化值测定的影响[J].广州化工,2015(5):147-148.QING Yun-guang,LUO Zai-fen.Effect on the Determination of Acid Value and Peroxide Value through Oil Extraction Method[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2015(5):147-148.
[5]MARTíN M P,NEPOTE V,GROSSO N R.Chemical,Sensory,and Microbiological Stability of Stored Raw Peanuts Packaged in Polypropylene Ventilated Bags and High Barrier Plastic Bags[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2016,68:174-182.
[6]ALI S,KHAN A S,MALIK A U,et al.Effect of Controlled Atmosphere Storage on Pericarp Browning,Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Enzymes of Litchi Fruits[J].Food Chemistry,2016,206:18-29.
[7]LIU J,CHEN W.Study on Natural Antioxidant in Grease[J].China Food Additives,2003(3):78-81.
[8]朱启思,钟国才,王亚军,等.复合天然抗氧化剂延长储备花生油储存期的效果研究[J].粮食储藏,2014,43(1):33-36.ZHU Qi-si,ZHONG Guo-cai,WANG Ya-jun,et al.The Effect of Natural Antioxidant Compound on Prolonging the Shelf Life of Reserve Peanut Oil[J].Grain Storage,2014,43(1):33-36.
[9]程安玮,张奇志,王守经,等.抗氧化剂对辐照花生脂肪酸含量及过氧化值的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(1):93-96.CHENG An-wei,ZHANG Qi-zhi,WANG Shou-jing,et al.Effects of Antioxidants on Fatty Acid Content and Peroxide Value of Irradiated Peanut[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2011,25(1):93-96.
[10]商飞飞,陈云堂,范家霖,等.电子束辐照对桃仁和杏仁脂肪酸的影响研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(16):319-323.SHANG Fei-fei,CHEN Yun-tang,FAN Jia-lin,et al.Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on Fatty Acids of Semen Persicae and Semen Armeniacae[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2015,36(16):319-323.
[11]王若兰,杨延远,杨志慧.γ射线、电子束处理对玉米品质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2010,31(3):11-13.WANG Ruo-lan,YANG Yan-yuan,YANG Zhi-hui.Effect ofγ-ray and Electrom Bean from Accelerator on Corn Quality[J].Cereal and Feed Industry,2010,31(3):11-13.
[12]王若兰,杨延远.γ射线、电子束处理对籼稻品质的影响[J].食品科技,2010(7):184-188.WANG Ruo-lan,YANG Yan-yuan.Effect ofγ-ray and Electrom Bean from Accelerator on Rice Quality[J].Food Science and Technology,2010(7):184-188.
[13]王若兰,杨延远,郭靖.γ射线、电子束处理对大豆品质的影响[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(5):5-8.WANG Ruo-lan,YANG Yan-yuan,GUO Jing.Effect ofγ-ray and Electrom Bean Treatment on Soybean Quality[J].Journal of Henan University of Technology,2010(7):184-188.
[14]周慧娟,叶正文,施春晖,等.高能电子辐照对猕猴桃保鲜效果的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(25):230.ZHOU Hui-juan,YE Zheng-wen,SHI Chun-hui,et al.Effect of Electron Beam on Fresh-keeping Quality of Kiwifruit[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(25):230.
[15]FERNANDES?,ANTONIO A L,OLIVEIRA M B,et al.Effect of Gamma and Electron Beam Irradiation on the Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Properties of Mushrooms:a Review[J].Food Chemistry,2012,135(2):641-650.
[16]DUAN Z,XING Z,YI S,et al.Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Postharvest Quality and Selected Enzyme Activities of the White Button Mushroom,Agaricusbisporus[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2010,58(17):9617.
[17]尚颐斌.电子束和γ射线辐照对冷鲜肉品质影响的差异及作用机制研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.SHANG Yi-bin.Study on the Comparison Effects and Mechanism of Electron Beam and Gamma Irradiation on Fresh Chilled Pork[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2013.
[18]朱佳廷,刘春泉,余刚,等.辐照杀菌对红枣品质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2006,22(2):164-167.ZHU Jia-ting,LIU Chun-quan,YU Gang,et al.Effects of Irradiation Sterilization on Qualities of Dried Jujubes[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2006,22(2):164-167.
[19]曾名湧.食品保藏原理与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:194-196.ZENG Ming-yong.Food Preservation Principles and Technologies[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007:194-196.
[20]崔龙,王娴,许勃,等.电子束辐照对大豆品质的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(5):900-906.CUI Long,WANG Xian,XU Bo,et al.Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Quality of Soybean[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2018,32(5):900-906.
[21]王晶晶,张成金,汪海燕,等.电子束和γ射线辐照对象拔蚌品质影响的异同性研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(1):73-79.WANG Jing-jing,ZHANG Cheng-jin,WANG Hai-yan,et al.Effects of Electron Beam and Gamma Ray Irradiation on the Physicochemical and Microbial Property of Commercial Fresh Geoduck Clams[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(1):73-79.
[22]GB 2716-2005,食用植物油卫生标准[S].GB 2716-2005,Hygienic Standard for Edible Vegetable Oil[S].
[23]郑秀艳,孟繁博,林茂,等.60Co-γ辐照对花生杀菌效果及其品质的影响[J].现代食品科技,2018(1):91-96.ZHENG Xiu-yan,MENG Fan-bo,LIN Mao,et al.Effect of 60Co-γ-irradiation on the Sterilization and Quality of Arachishypogaea.L[J].Modern Food Science&Technology,2018(1):91-96.
[24]王德宁,冯敏,李澧,等.豆谷类及其制品辐照杀虫防霉剂量要求研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013(27):11138-11139.WANG De-ning,FENG Min,LI Li,et al.Specifications for Irradiation Doses for the Control of Moulds and Insect Disinfestations in Beans,Grains and Their Products[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2013(27):11138-11139.
[25]冯敏,朱佳廷,李澧,等.花生辐照杀虫防霉工艺剂量确定[J].农业科学与技术,2014(3):477-479.FENG Min,ZHU Jia-ting,LI Li,et al.Irradiation Dose for the Insect Disinfestation and Mildew Control of Peanut[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2014(3):477-479.
[26]顾贵强,杨萍,王德宁,等.板栗辐照杀虫防霉工艺剂量要求[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(3):213-215.GU Gui-qiang,YANG Ping,WANG De-ning,et al.Dosage Requirements of Chestnut Irradiated for Insecticidal and Mildew Control[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(3):213-215.