原油管道新型清蜡清管器研究
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摘要
针对现有原油管道清蜡清管器存在的卡堵及清管效率低等问题,设计了新型清蜡清管器。该清管器主要由调速单元和清蜡单元组成。调速单元采用旁通阀调速,使清管器获得相对较低的运行速度来增强清蜡效果,清蜡单元通过清蜡执行机构驱动清蜡刀头旋转清蜡,配合油流冲刷粉化被刮除的蜡沉积碎屑,防止其二次沉积进而预防卡堵。通过ABAQUS/Explicit模块对清蜡执行机构切削过程进行了仿真,仿真结果表明:当清蜡清管器运行速度为1. 0 m/s时,其清蜡执行机构不仅具有较大的切削力,且切削力波动较小。结合清蜡清管器的运行工况,设计了转速和电流双闭环调速系统,通过Simulink仿真,验证了该电机调速系统不仅具有较好的动态特性,而且具有一定的抗干扰能力。研究结果对于后期样机调试具有一定的参考价值。
A new type of wax removal pig is designed to address the problems of stuck and low pigging efficiency of existing crude oil pipeline wax removal pigs. The developed pig is mainly composed of a speed regulating unit and a wax removal unit. The speed regulating unit uses a bypass valve to allow the pig run at a relatively low speed to enhance the wax removing effect. The wax cleaning unit removes the wax by rotating the wax cutter head driven by the wax removal actuator. The scraped wax is washed and powdered using oil flow to prevent secondary deposition and prevent stuck. The cutting process of the wax removing actuator is simulated using the ABAQUS/Explicit module. The simulation results show that when the running speed of the wax removal unit is 1. 0 m/s,the wax removal actuator could produce a large cutting force with little force fluctuation. Combined with the operating conditions of the wax removal pig,the double closed-loop speed and current control system is designed. The Simulink simulation indicates that the motor speed control system has a good dynamic characteristic and a certain anti-interference ability. The study results could provide references for the later prototype debugging.
A new type of wax removal pig is designed to address the problems of stuck and low pigging efficiency of existing crude oil pipeline wax removal pigs. The developed pig is mainly composed of a speed regulating unit and a wax removal unit. The speed regulating unit uses a bypass valve to allow the pig run at a relatively low speed to enhance the wax removing effect. The wax cleaning unit removes the wax by rotating the wax cutter head driven by the wax removal actuator. The scraped wax is washed and powdered using oil flow to prevent secondary deposition and prevent stuck. The cutting process of the wax removing actuator is simulated using the ABAQUS/Explicit module. The simulation results show that when the running speed of the wax removal unit is 1. 0 m/s,the wax removal actuator could produce a large cutting force with little force fluctuation. Combined with the operating conditions of the wax removal pig,the double closed-loop speed and current control system is designed. The Simulink simulation indicates that the motor speed control system has a good dynamic characteristic and a certain anti-interference ability. The study results could provide references for the later prototype debugging.
引文
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[16]施冬梅,缪娟.低输量原油管道清管器的选择[J].清洗世界,2008,24(8):28-31.SHI D M,MIU J.Selection of pipes for low-volume crude oil pipelines[J].Cleaning World,2008,24(8):28-31.
[17]TAN T N,HUI R Y,YONG W R,et al.Speed control of PIG using bypass flow in natural gas pipeline[C]∥IEEE International Symposium on Industrial E-lectronics,2001.Proceedings.ISIE.IEEE,2001(2):863-868.
[18]RICHTER T,GUNTER F,BREMNER G F,et al.Pipe conduit vehicle:6944902B1[P].2005.
[19]刘伟.盾构机刀具切削的三维数值模拟研究及刀盘的有限元分析[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2013.LIU W.3D Numerical simulation of shield machine cutting and finite element analysis of cutter[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University,2013.
[20]王志方,张国忠,刘刚.原油管道内石蜡沉积物的结构破坏特性[C]∥全国化学工程与生物化工年会论文集.西安:西北大学,2008.WANG Z F,ZHANG G Z,LIU G.Structural failure characteristics of paraffin deposits in crude oil pipelines[C]∥National Chemical Engineering and Biochemical Industry Annual Meeting.Xi’an:Northwestern U-niversity,2008.
[21]吴兆宇.基于Abaqus软件的盾构刀具切削有限元分析[J].上海建设科技,2012(5):4-6.WU Z Y.Finite element analysis of shield cutting based on abaqus software[J].Shanghai Construction Science&Technology,2012(5):4-6.
[22]顾春雷,陈冲.电力拖动自动控制系统与MATLAB仿真[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011.GU C L,CHEN C.Power drag automatic control system and MATLAB simulation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2011.
[23]潘月斗,李擎,李华德.电力拖动自动控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.PAN Y D,LI Q,LI H D.Electric drag automatic control system[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2014.
[24]张晓明,王刚,陈夺,等.转速、电流双闭环直流调速系统仿真及参数整定[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),2010,22(5):18-21.ZHANG X M,WANG G,CHEN D,et al.Simulation and parameter tuning of double closed loop DC speed regulation system for speed and current[J].Journal of Shenyang University(Natural Science),2010,22(5):18-21.
[25]吴淑娟.应用MATLAB辅助整定转速、电流双闭环系统调节器参数[J].闽西职业技术学院学报,2007,9(2):59-62.WU S J.Application of MATLAB to adjust the parameters of double closed loop system regulators for speed and current[J].Journal of Minxi Vocational and Technical College,2007,9(2):59-62.
[26]葛勇.速度电流双闭环伺服系统研究与软硬件设计[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2009.GE Y.Research and software and hardware design of speed and current double closed loop servo system[D].Xi’an:Xidian University,2009.
[27]李沁生,于家凤.基于Simulink的直流伺服电机PID控制仿真[J].船电技术,2011,31(3):26-29.LI Q S,YU J F.Simulation of PID control of dc servo motor based on simulink[J].Marine Electric&Electronic Engineering,2011,31(3):26-29.
[2]张妮,张华卓,李磊,等.国内外长输管道清管技术综述[J].全面腐蚀控制,2017,31(4):6-10.ZHANG N,ZHANG H Z,LI L,et al.Overview of pigging technology for long-distance pipelines at home and abroad[J].Comprehensive Corrosion Control,2017,31(4):6-10.
[3]宋茂野,钱丽平.浅析清管器类型与应用现状[J].科学与财富,2014(8):86.SONG M Y,QIAN L P.Analysis on the types and application status of pipe cleaners[J].Science and Fortune,2014(8):86.
[4]张磊,李宜震,王冲,等.清管器应用及分类简析[J].化学工程与装备,2013(7):173-176.ZHANG L,LI Y Z,WANG C,et al.Analysis and application of pipe cleaner[J].Chemical Engineering and Equipment,2013(7):173-176.
[5]马志宇,蔡亮,段秋生,等.国内外油气管道清管技术的现状和发展趋势[J].石油库与加油站,2016,25(6):14-19.MA Z Y,CAI L,DUAN Q S,et al.Current status and development trend of oil and gas pipeline pigging technology at home and abroad[J].Oil Depot and Gas Station,2016,25(6):14-19.
[6]金伟,杨斌.热油管道的结蜡与清蜡[J].轻工科技,2009,25(7):23-24.JIN W,YANG B.Wax and clear wax of hot oil pipeline[J].Light Industry Technology,2009,25(7):23-24.
[7]陈建恒,何利民,罗小明,等.射流清管器结构参数与清管积液运移特性[J].油气储运,2018,37(1):40-45.HEN J H,HE L M,LUO X M,et al.Structural parameters of bypass pig and movement characteristics of liquid loading in the process of pigging[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(1):40-45.
[8]臧延旭,邱城,姜海洋,等.速度控制清管器泄流孔流场仿真[J].油气储运,2018,37(3):295-300.ZANG Y X,QIU C,JIANG H Y,et al.Simulation on the flowfield at the discharge hole of speed control pig[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(3):295-300.
[9]曹亚文,董婧,曹亚雄,等.低输量含蜡原油管道清蜡若干问题分析[J].当代化工,2015(4):770-772.CAO Y W,DONG J,CAO Y X,et al.Analysis of some problems in wax removal from low-volume waxy crude oil pipeline[J].Journal of Contemporary Chemical Industry,2015(4):770-772.
[10]刘刚,陈雷,张国忠,等.管道清管器技术发展现状[J].油气储运,2011,30(9):646-653.LIU G,CHEN L,ZHANG G Z,et al.Development status of pipeline pipe cleaner technology[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2011,30(9):646-653.
[11]TIAN Y,LIU L,OFFICE M.Pigging practice in YiChang crude oil pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage&Transportation,2014,37(3):340-342.
[12]QUARINI J,SHIRE S.A review of fluid-driven pipeline pigs and their applications[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers:Part E,2007,221(1):1-10.
[13]SOUTHGATE J.Wax removal using pipeline pigs[J].Durham:Durham of University,2004.
[14]谭桂斌,朱霄霄,张仕民,等.天然气管道调速清管器研究进展[J].油气储运,2011,30(6):411-416.TAN G B,ZHU X X,ZHANG S M,et al.Research progress of natural gas pipeline governing pigs[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2011,30(6):411-416.
[15]刘恒.天然气管道清管器调速系统的研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2010.LIU H.Research on the speed control system of natural gas pipeline pig[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum(Beijing),2010.
[16]施冬梅,缪娟.低输量原油管道清管器的选择[J].清洗世界,2008,24(8):28-31.SHI D M,MIU J.Selection of pipes for low-volume crude oil pipelines[J].Cleaning World,2008,24(8):28-31.
[17]TAN T N,HUI R Y,YONG W R,et al.Speed control of PIG using bypass flow in natural gas pipeline[C]∥IEEE International Symposium on Industrial E-lectronics,2001.Proceedings.ISIE.IEEE,2001(2):863-868.
[18]RICHTER T,GUNTER F,BREMNER G F,et al.Pipe conduit vehicle:6944902B1[P].2005.
[19]刘伟.盾构机刀具切削的三维数值模拟研究及刀盘的有限元分析[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2013.LIU W.3D Numerical simulation of shield machine cutting and finite element analysis of cutter[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University,2013.
[20]王志方,张国忠,刘刚.原油管道内石蜡沉积物的结构破坏特性[C]∥全国化学工程与生物化工年会论文集.西安:西北大学,2008.WANG Z F,ZHANG G Z,LIU G.Structural failure characteristics of paraffin deposits in crude oil pipelines[C]∥National Chemical Engineering and Biochemical Industry Annual Meeting.Xi’an:Northwestern U-niversity,2008.
[21]吴兆宇.基于Abaqus软件的盾构刀具切削有限元分析[J].上海建设科技,2012(5):4-6.WU Z Y.Finite element analysis of shield cutting based on abaqus software[J].Shanghai Construction Science&Technology,2012(5):4-6.
[22]顾春雷,陈冲.电力拖动自动控制系统与MATLAB仿真[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011.GU C L,CHEN C.Power drag automatic control system and MATLAB simulation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2011.
[23]潘月斗,李擎,李华德.电力拖动自动控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.PAN Y D,LI Q,LI H D.Electric drag automatic control system[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2014.
[24]张晓明,王刚,陈夺,等.转速、电流双闭环直流调速系统仿真及参数整定[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),2010,22(5):18-21.ZHANG X M,WANG G,CHEN D,et al.Simulation and parameter tuning of double closed loop DC speed regulation system for speed and current[J].Journal of Shenyang University(Natural Science),2010,22(5):18-21.
[25]吴淑娟.应用MATLAB辅助整定转速、电流双闭环系统调节器参数[J].闽西职业技术学院学报,2007,9(2):59-62.WU S J.Application of MATLAB to adjust the parameters of double closed loop system regulators for speed and current[J].Journal of Minxi Vocational and Technical College,2007,9(2):59-62.
[26]葛勇.速度电流双闭环伺服系统研究与软硬件设计[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2009.GE Y.Research and software and hardware design of speed and current double closed loop servo system[D].Xi’an:Xidian University,2009.
[27]李沁生,于家凤.基于Simulink的直流伺服电机PID控制仿真[J].船电技术,2011,31(3):26-29.LI Q S,YU J F.Simulation of PID control of dc servo motor based on simulink[J].Marine Electric&Electronic Engineering,2011,31(3):26-29.