魔芋连作对根际土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响
|
摘要
以未种魔芋、种植1年和种植14年的魔芋根际土壤为试材,采用稀释涂布平板法和土壤酶研究方法研究了连作对魔芋根际土壤微生物数量及5种酶活性的影响,以期为克服魔芋连作障碍提供参考依据。结果表明:长期连作会使魔芋根际土壤细菌数量呈增多,及真菌和放线菌数量呈减少的趋势,其中连作14年魔芋土壤与当年种植魔芋和未种魔芋空白土壤相比,土壤细菌数量分别增加28.6%和80.0%,真菌数量分别减少了32.1%和51.3%,放线菌数量分别减少了60.5%和70.0%;连作后土壤蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性呈下降趋势,连作14年其酶活性分别较种植1年下降了67.3%、26.2%和23.0%,而酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性有明显提高,分别增加了62.3%和37.0%。表明魔芋长期连作会对其根际微生物区系及土壤酶活性产生较大影响。
With the rhizosphere soil of Amorphophallus konjac was planted for 0,1,14 years as the test material,diluted coating plate method,soil enzyme research method were used to determine the number of soil microorganisms and the changes of five soil enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil of Amorphophallus konjac after continuous cropping.This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles Amorphophallus konjac.The results showed that with the continuous cropping of Amorphophallus konjac,the amount of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Amorphophallus konjacshowed an increasing trend,and the number of fungi and actinomycetes showed a decreasing trend.The soil of 14 cropping years of Amorphophallus konjac was compared with that the soil of cultivating Amorphophallus konjac in that year and the soil didn′t plant Amorphophallus konjac,the number of bacteria was increased by 28.6%and 80.0%respectively,the number of fungi was decreased by 32.1% and 51.3% respectively,and the number of actinomycete was decreased by 60.5%and 70.0% respectively.The activities of protease,catalase and urease in rhizosphere soil were inhibited by continuous cropping of Amorphophallus konjac,which decreased by67.3%,26.2%and 23.0%respectively compared with the soil planted for one year,but the activities of acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase were promoted,which increased by 62.3% and 37.0%respectively.All these indicated that the continuous cropping of Amorphophallus konjac would have a great impact on its rhizosphere microbial flora and soil enzyme activities.
With the rhizosphere soil of Amorphophallus konjac was planted for 0,1,14 years as the test material,diluted coating plate method,soil enzyme research method were used to determine the number of soil microorganisms and the changes of five soil enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil of Amorphophallus konjac after continuous cropping.This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles Amorphophallus konjac.The results showed that with the continuous cropping of Amorphophallus konjac,the amount of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Amorphophallus konjacshowed an increasing trend,and the number of fungi and actinomycetes showed a decreasing trend.The soil of 14 cropping years of Amorphophallus konjac was compared with that the soil of cultivating Amorphophallus konjac in that year and the soil didn′t plant Amorphophallus konjac,the number of bacteria was increased by 28.6%and 80.0%respectively,the number of fungi was decreased by 32.1% and 51.3% respectively,and the number of actinomycete was decreased by 60.5%and 70.0% respectively.The activities of protease,catalase and urease in rhizosphere soil were inhibited by continuous cropping of Amorphophallus konjac,which decreased by67.3%,26.2%and 23.0%respectively compared with the soil planted for one year,but the activities of acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase were promoted,which increased by 62.3% and 37.0%respectively.All these indicated that the continuous cropping of Amorphophallus konjac would have a great impact on its rhizosphere microbial flora and soil enzyme activities.
引文
[1]何斐,张忠良,崔鸣,等.生防放线菌剂对魔芋根域微生物区系的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(2):221-227.
[2]彭金波,费甫华,廖文月,等.魔芋连作田病害高发原因及防治对策[J].植物医生,2007(2):14.
[3]高群,孟宪志,于洪飞.连作障碍原因分析及防治途径研究[J].山东农业科学,2006(3):60-63.
[4]高子勤,张淑香.连作障碍与根际微生态研究Ⅰ.根系分泌物及其生态效应[J].应用生态学报,1998(5):102-107.
[5]刘素慧,刘世琦,张自坤,等.大蒜连作对其根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(5):1000-1006.
[6]马玲,马琨,杨桂丽,等.马铃薯连作栽培对土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(5):589-596.
[7]代仕高,周厚兰,兰吉萍.魔芋种植对两种梨树林土壤酶活性的影响[J].四川林业科技,2015(3):102-105.
[8]李春格,李晓鸣,王敬国.大豆连作对土体和根际微生物群落功能的影响[J].生态学报,2006(4):1144-1150.
[9]李琼芳.不同连作年限麦冬根际微生物区系动态研究[J].土壤通报,2006(3):563-565.
[10]孙秀山,封海胜,万书波,等.连作花生田主要微生物类群与土壤酶活性变化及其交互作用[J].作物学报,2001(5):617-621.
[11]关松荫.土壤酶及研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-332.
[12]孙艳艳,蒋桂英,刘建国,等.加工番茄连作对农田土壤酶活性及微生物区系的影响[J].生态学报,2010(13):3599-3607.
[13]刘建国,张伟,李彦斌,等.新疆绿洲棉花长期连作对土壤理化性状与土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):725-733.
[14]陈慧,郝慧荣,熊君,等.地黄连作对根际微生物区系及土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007(12):2755-2759.
[15]吴斌,姜珊珊,张眉,等.小麦黄花叶病毒病不同发生度土壤的微生物多样性研究[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(12):44-49.
[16]陈宇熹,吕杨兰,常颖萃,等.竹荪连作对土壤微生物区系及酶活性的影响[J].种子科技,2017,35(12):136-138.
[17]顾美英,徐万里,茆军,等.新疆绿洲农田不同连作年限棉花根际土壤微生物群落多样性[J].生态学报,2012(10):3031-3040.
[18]贾国梅,吕红胜,唐巧珍,等.魔芋种植对土壤微生物的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008(21):9176-9178.
[19]张淑香,高子勤,刘海玲.连作障碍与根际微生态研究Ⅲ.土壤酚酸物质及其生物学效应[J].应用生态学报,2000(5):741-744.
[20]马云华,王秀峰,魏珉,等.黄瓜连作土壤酚酸类物质积累对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005(11):2149-2153.
[2]彭金波,费甫华,廖文月,等.魔芋连作田病害高发原因及防治对策[J].植物医生,2007(2):14.
[3]高群,孟宪志,于洪飞.连作障碍原因分析及防治途径研究[J].山东农业科学,2006(3):60-63.
[4]高子勤,张淑香.连作障碍与根际微生态研究Ⅰ.根系分泌物及其生态效应[J].应用生态学报,1998(5):102-107.
[5]刘素慧,刘世琦,张自坤,等.大蒜连作对其根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(5):1000-1006.
[6]马玲,马琨,杨桂丽,等.马铃薯连作栽培对土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(5):589-596.
[7]代仕高,周厚兰,兰吉萍.魔芋种植对两种梨树林土壤酶活性的影响[J].四川林业科技,2015(3):102-105.
[8]李春格,李晓鸣,王敬国.大豆连作对土体和根际微生物群落功能的影响[J].生态学报,2006(4):1144-1150.
[9]李琼芳.不同连作年限麦冬根际微生物区系动态研究[J].土壤通报,2006(3):563-565.
[10]孙秀山,封海胜,万书波,等.连作花生田主要微生物类群与土壤酶活性变化及其交互作用[J].作物学报,2001(5):617-621.
[11]关松荫.土壤酶及研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-332.
[12]孙艳艳,蒋桂英,刘建国,等.加工番茄连作对农田土壤酶活性及微生物区系的影响[J].生态学报,2010(13):3599-3607.
[13]刘建国,张伟,李彦斌,等.新疆绿洲棉花长期连作对土壤理化性状与土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):725-733.
[14]陈慧,郝慧荣,熊君,等.地黄连作对根际微生物区系及土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007(12):2755-2759.
[15]吴斌,姜珊珊,张眉,等.小麦黄花叶病毒病不同发生度土壤的微生物多样性研究[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(12):44-49.
[16]陈宇熹,吕杨兰,常颖萃,等.竹荪连作对土壤微生物区系及酶活性的影响[J].种子科技,2017,35(12):136-138.
[17]顾美英,徐万里,茆军,等.新疆绿洲农田不同连作年限棉花根际土壤微生物群落多样性[J].生态学报,2012(10):3031-3040.
[18]贾国梅,吕红胜,唐巧珍,等.魔芋种植对土壤微生物的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008(21):9176-9178.
[19]张淑香,高子勤,刘海玲.连作障碍与根际微生态研究Ⅲ.土壤酚酸物质及其生物学效应[J].应用生态学报,2000(5):741-744.
[20]马云华,王秀峰,魏珉,等.黄瓜连作土壤酚酸类物质积累对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005(11):2149-2153.