振荡电流作用下的架空线路温升响应计算
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摘要
电力系统发生振荡时的导线温升问题长期被忽视,持续的振荡电流会引起导线温升越限,导致线路受损或引发故障。振荡电流作用下的导线温升响应有别于导线稳态温度计算和短路热稳定校核。针对此问题,首先推导了振荡电流的时域表达式;然后以数值积分的方式计算振荡电流产生的焦耳热,利用暂态热平衡方程计算振荡持续期间的导线温升响应过程;最后,通过典型场景的算例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性。结果表明,振荡周期对导线温升响应影响很小,导线温升响应主要受振荡电流幅值、振荡持续时间和线路运行的实况气象环境影响,在高温无风等恶劣气象条件下,导线温度在较短的时间内会超过短时最高允许温度,因此在系统振荡期间,需要合理设置保护振荡闭锁时间或采取线路热保护措施,避免造成线路损坏或引发连锁故障。
Conductor temperature rise is a long-neglected problem for power system oscillating. The conductor temperature will exceed upper safety limit if oscillation is longstanding, leading to conductor damage or causing faults. Conductor temperature rise response under oscillation current is different from conductor temperature calculation on steady state or short-circuit thermal stability calibration. To solve this problem, the time-domain expression of oscillation current was deduced firstly in this paper. Then the numerical integration method was adopted to calculate Joule heat power, and the transient thermal balance equation was used to calculate the process of conductor temperature rise during oscillation. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed method was validated with numerical study of typical scenarios. Results showed that oscillation period has little influence on conductor temperature rise response and it is mainly affected by amplitude of oscillation current, oscillation duration and meteorological environment of transmission line. Under severe weather, conductor temperature will exceed short-time maximum allowable temperature in a relatively short time. So reasonable block time of distance relay or overheat protection is necessary to protect conductor from breakdown or cascading faults during power system oscillation.
Conductor temperature rise is a long-neglected problem for power system oscillating. The conductor temperature will exceed upper safety limit if oscillation is longstanding, leading to conductor damage or causing faults. Conductor temperature rise response under oscillation current is different from conductor temperature calculation on steady state or short-circuit thermal stability calibration. To solve this problem, the time-domain expression of oscillation current was deduced firstly in this paper. Then the numerical integration method was adopted to calculate Joule heat power, and the transient thermal balance equation was used to calculate the process of conductor temperature rise during oscillation. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed method was validated with numerical study of typical scenarios. Results showed that oscillation period has little influence on conductor temperature rise response and it is mainly affected by amplitude of oscillation current, oscillation duration and meteorological environment of transmission line. Under severe weather, conductor temperature will exceed short-time maximum allowable temperature in a relatively short time. So reasonable block time of distance relay or overheat protection is necessary to protect conductor from breakdown or cascading faults during power system oscillation.
引文
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[14]柳焕章,周泽昕,周春霞,等.继电保护振荡闭锁的改进措施[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):125-133,195.Liu Huanzhang,Zhou Zexin,Zhou Chunxia,et al.Improvement in power swing blocking of line protection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(19):125-133,195(in Chinese).
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[20]王梅义.高压电网继电保护运行与设计[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[21]秦文萍,徐红利.“9.1”蒙西电网机组低频振荡现象分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2007,38(1):51-55.Qin Wenping,Xu Hongli.Analysis for low-frequency oscillation of Generators in Mengxi power grid[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2007,38(1):51-55(in Chinese).
[22]李国柱.2005—2008年华中电网500 k V系统典型事故统计与分析[C]//中南七省(区)电力系统专业委员会第二十四届联合学术年会,广西桂林,2009,32-36.
[23]杜治,苏宇,彭昌勇,等.基于多层次启发式动态规划算法的电力系统动态等值[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(17):1-9.Du Zhi,Su Yu,Peng Changyong,et al.Dynamic equivalent of power system based on global representation heuristic dynamic programming algorithm[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(17):1-9(in Chinese).
[24]竺炜,唐颖杰,周有庆,等.基于改进Prony算法的电力系统低频振荡模式识别[J].电网技术,2009,33(5):44-47.Zhu Wei,Tang Yingjie,Zhou Youqing,et al.Identification of power system low frequency oscillation mode based on improved Prony algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(5):44-47(in Chinese).
[25]刘志雄,张艳霞,冯康恒,等.基于广域信息跟踪电力系统振荡中心的方法及应用[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1694-1699.Liu Zhixiong,Zhang Yanxia,Feng Kangheng,et al.A wide area information based method of tracking power system's oscillation center and its application[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(6):1694-1699(in Chinese).
[2]Kosterev D N,Taylor C W,Mittelstadt W A.Model validation for the August 10,1996 WSCC system outage[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(3):967-979.
[3]Arango O J,Sanchez H M,Wilson D H.Low frequency oscillations in the Colombian power system-identification and remedial actions[C]//CIGRE 2010.Paris,France:CIGRE,2010:C2_105_2010.
[4]董明齐,杨东俊,黄涌.2008年冰灾期间华中电网WAMS系统实测低频振荡事件分析[J].华中电力,2008,21(5):22-25.Dong Mingqi,Yang Dongjun,Huang Yong.Analysis on low frequency oscillation incidents measured by WAMS of Central China Power Grid during the 2008 ice hazard[J].Central China Electric Power,2008,21(5):22-25(in Chinese).
[5]路晓敏,陈磊,陈亦平,等.电力系统一次调频过程的超低频振荡分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(16):64-70.Lu Xiaomin,Chen Lei,Chen Yiping,et al.Ultra-low-frequency oscillation analysis of power system primary frequency regulation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(16):64-70(in Chinese).
[6]张鹏,毕天姝.HVDC引起次同步振荡暂态扰动风险的机理分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(4):961-968.Zhang Peng,Bi Tianshu.Mechanism analysis of transient disturbance risk of subsynchronous oscillation caused by HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(4):961-968(in Chinese).
[7]李晨,孙海顺,朱鑫要,等.降低次同步谐振风险的大型火电基地经串补线路送出规划和运行方案[J].电网技术,2014,38(1):113-119.Li Chen,Sun Haishun,Zhu Xinyao,et al.Planning and operation schemes for reducing SSR risk of outward power transmission of large-scale thermal generation bases via transmission line with series compensation[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(1):113-119(in Chinese).
[8]黄杰,陈武晖,董德勇,等.面向风电场SSO抑制的TCSC参数电磁暂态智能优化方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2411-2417.Huang Jie,Chen Wuhui,Dong Deyong,et al.EMTP-based smart optimization of TCSC parameters oriented for mitigating wind farm SSO[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2411-2417(in Chinese).
[9]黄耀,王西田,陈昆明,等.双馈风电场次同步相互作用的机理仿真验证与实用抑制策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(8):2364-2369.Huang Yao,Wang Xitian,Chen Kunming,et al.SSI mechanism simulation validation and practical mitigation strategy of DFIG-based wind farms[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(8):2364-2369(in Chinese).
[10]胡应宏,邓春,谢小荣,等.双馈风机-串补输电系统次同步谐振的附加阻尼控制[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):1169-1173.Hu Yinghong,Deng Chun,Xie Xiaorong,et al.Additional damping control of DFIG series compensated transmission system under sub-synchronous resonance[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):1169-1173(in Chinese).
[11]Licari J,Ugalde-Loo C E,Ekanayake J B,et al.Damping of torsional vibrations in a variable-speed wind turbine[J].IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2013,28(1):172-180.
[12]王立新,程林,孙元章,等.补偿双馈风电机组电磁转矩-转速闭环相位滞后特性的传动轴系统阻尼控制[J].电网技术,2014,38(12):3333-3340.Wang Lixin,Cheng Lin,Sun Yuanzhang,et al.Damping control of drive-train system of DFIG to compensate phase lag characteristics of electromagnetic torque-generator speed closed loop[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(12):3333-3340(in Chinese).
[13]朱声石,崔柳,董新洲.不受电力系统振荡影响的距离保护[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(7):1175-1182.Zhu Shengshi,Cui Liu,Dong Xinzhou.Distance protection insensitive to power system oscillation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(7):1175-1182(in Chinese).
[14]柳焕章,周泽昕,周春霞,等.继电保护振荡闭锁的改进措施[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):125-133,195.Liu Huanzhang,Zhou Zexin,Zhou Chunxia,et al.Improvement in power swing blocking of line protection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(19):125-133,195(in Chinese).
[15]IEEE Power and Energy Society.IEEE Std.738—2012.IEEE Standard for Calculating the Current-Temperature Relationship of Bare Overhead Conductors[S].New York,USA:IEEE,2012.
[16]CIGRE Working Group B2.43.Guide for Thermal Rating Calculation of Overhead Lines[S].Paris,France:CIGRE,2014.
[17]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.GB 50545—2010.110 k V~750 k V架空输电线路设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2010.
[18]苗世洪,朱永利.发电厂电气部分[M].5版.北京:中国电力出版社,2015.
[19]崔家佩,孟庆炎,陈永芳,等.电力系统继电保护与安全自动装置整定计算[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1993.
[20]王梅义.高压电网继电保护运行与设计[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[21]秦文萍,徐红利.“9.1”蒙西电网机组低频振荡现象分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2007,38(1):51-55.Qin Wenping,Xu Hongli.Analysis for low-frequency oscillation of Generators in Mengxi power grid[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2007,38(1):51-55(in Chinese).
[22]李国柱.2005—2008年华中电网500 k V系统典型事故统计与分析[C]//中南七省(区)电力系统专业委员会第二十四届联合学术年会,广西桂林,2009,32-36.
[23]杜治,苏宇,彭昌勇,等.基于多层次启发式动态规划算法的电力系统动态等值[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(17):1-9.Du Zhi,Su Yu,Peng Changyong,et al.Dynamic equivalent of power system based on global representation heuristic dynamic programming algorithm[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(17):1-9(in Chinese).
[24]竺炜,唐颖杰,周有庆,等.基于改进Prony算法的电力系统低频振荡模式识别[J].电网技术,2009,33(5):44-47.Zhu Wei,Tang Yingjie,Zhou Youqing,et al.Identification of power system low frequency oscillation mode based on improved Prony algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(5):44-47(in Chinese).
[25]刘志雄,张艳霞,冯康恒,等.基于广域信息跟踪电力系统振荡中心的方法及应用[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1694-1699.Liu Zhixiong,Zhang Yanxia,Feng Kangheng,et al.A wide area information based method of tracking power system's oscillation center and its application[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(6):1694-1699(in Chinese).