磷对薄皮甜瓜生理代谢和产量形成影响的研究
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摘要
为探究磷素对甜瓜生理代谢和产量形成的影响,以金妃甜瓜为材料,采用基质培养方法,研究不同浓度的磷素处理后,甜瓜果实横径、纵径、叶绿素含量、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性糖含量、过氧化氢酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性、单果重和产量的变化规律。结果表明,在结果期,0.9~1.2mmol·L~(-1)范围内的磷用量对甜瓜果实生长促进作用最强,叶片中生理活性物质含量和保护性酶活性提高,进而提高甜瓜光合能力和生理代谢水平,增加果实横径和纵径,提高甜瓜产量。在授粉后30 d,0.9~1.2 mmol·L~(-1)范围内的磷用量显著提高了果实横径、果实纵径和产量,与0.3 mmol·L~(-1)(T1)磷用量相比,分别增加21.38%~26.00%、12.62%~34.09%和36.62%~46.72%;同时,在授粉后20~25 d,与T1相比,该范围内的磷用量显著提高了叶片叶绿素含量、硝态氮含量、可溶性糖含量以及硝酸还原酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,分别增加21.23%~29.99%、102.55%~128.59%、51.10%~56.51、24.91%~39.92%、7.46%~9.26%和13.23%~18.62%。而当磷用量低于0.6 mmol·L~(-1)(T2)或高于1.5 mmol·L~(-1)(T5)时,各项指标均显著下降。因此,0.9~1.2 mmol·L~(-1)范围内的磷素量施用可以提高甜瓜植株生理活性物质含量和保护性酶活性,促进甜瓜产量形成,但甜瓜植株的生理特性和产量指标在不同磷浓度下有显著差异。本研究结果为甜瓜生产合理施用磷肥提供了理论依据和实践指导。
To explore the physiological mechanism of phosphorus element on the physiological metabolism and yield formation in muskmelon,muskmelon(Jin-fei) was used as experimental material by substrate culture to reveal the change laws of fruit transverse diameter,fruit vertical diameter,chlorophyll content,nitrate nitrogen content,nitrate reductase activity,soluble sugar content,catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity,single fruit weight and yield.The results showed that the dosage of phosphorus element at the range of 0.9 to 1.2 mmol·L~(-1)can best promote fruit growth of muskmelon through enhancing the leaf physiological active substance content and protective enzyme activity during fruit-bearing stage,which can improve the photosynthesis ability and physiological metabolism level,increase fruit transverse diameter and fruit vertical diameter,and promote the raising of muskmelon yield.Compared with0.3 mmol·L~(-1)(T1) phosphorus content,the fruit diameter,the diameter of the fruit and the yield per hectare increased significantly at the range of 0.9 to 1.2 mmol·L~(-1)about 30 d after pollination were 21.38% to 26.00%,12.62% to34.09%,36.62% to 46.72%,respectively.At the same time,compared with 0.3 mmol·L~(-1)(T1) phosphorus content,chlorophyll content,nitrate nitrogen content,soluble sugar content,nitrate reductase activity,catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly at the range of 0.9 to 1.2 mmol·L~(-1)during 20 to 25 d after pollination,and were 21.23% to 29.99%,102.55% to 128.59%,51.10% to 56.51%,24.91% to 39.92%,7.46% to 9.26% and 13.23% to 18.62%,respectively.When phosphorus dosage was less than 0.6 mmol·L~(-1)(T2)or higher than 1.5 mmol·L~(-1)(T5),all indexes decreased significantly.Therefore,phosphorus element at the range of0.9 to 1.2 mmol·L~(-1)can improve physiological active substance content and protective enzyme activity of the melon plants,and can promote the yield formation of muskmelon.However,the physiological characteristics and yield index of muskmelon during the fruit-bearing stage were different under different phosphorus concentrations.The results provided a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the proper application of phosphorus fertilizer in muskmelon production.
To explore the physiological mechanism of phosphorus element on the physiological metabolism and yield formation in muskmelon,muskmelon(Jin-fei) was used as experimental material by substrate culture to reveal the change laws of fruit transverse diameter,fruit vertical diameter,chlorophyll content,nitrate nitrogen content,nitrate reductase activity,soluble sugar content,catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity,single fruit weight and yield.The results showed that the dosage of phosphorus element at the range of 0.9 to 1.2 mmol·L~(-1)can best promote fruit growth of muskmelon through enhancing the leaf physiological active substance content and protective enzyme activity during fruit-bearing stage,which can improve the photosynthesis ability and physiological metabolism level,increase fruit transverse diameter and fruit vertical diameter,and promote the raising of muskmelon yield.Compared with0.3 mmol·L~(-1)(T1) phosphorus content,the fruit diameter,the diameter of the fruit and the yield per hectare increased significantly at the range of 0.9 to 1.2 mmol·L~(-1)about 30 d after pollination were 21.38% to 26.00%,12.62% to34.09%,36.62% to 46.72%,respectively.At the same time,compared with 0.3 mmol·L~(-1)(T1) phosphorus content,chlorophyll content,nitrate nitrogen content,soluble sugar content,nitrate reductase activity,catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly at the range of 0.9 to 1.2 mmol·L~(-1)during 20 to 25 d after pollination,and were 21.23% to 29.99%,102.55% to 128.59%,51.10% to 56.51%,24.91% to 39.92%,7.46% to 9.26% and 13.23% to 18.62%,respectively.When phosphorus dosage was less than 0.6 mmol·L~(-1)(T2)or higher than 1.5 mmol·L~(-1)(T5),all indexes decreased significantly.Therefore,phosphorus element at the range of0.9 to 1.2 mmol·L~(-1)can improve physiological active substance content and protective enzyme activity of the melon plants,and can promote the yield formation of muskmelon.However,the physiological characteristics and yield index of muskmelon during the fruit-bearing stage were different under different phosphorus concentrations.The results provided a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the proper application of phosphorus fertilizer in muskmelon production.
引文
[1]田晓彬,齐红岩,李岩,靳亚忠,刘文玮,徐晓飞.不同砧木嫁接对薄皮甜瓜成熟期品质、香气合成相关酶活性及基因表达的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(9):1766-1774
[2]文长存,孙玉竹,吴敬学.“十三五”时期中国西甜瓜产业形势分析[J].农业展望,2016(5):49-52
[3]Kumaga F K.Response of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merrill)to bradyrhizobia inoculation and phosphorus application[J].International Journal of Agriculture&Biology,2004(2):324-327
[4]Wahocho N A,Baloch M A,Baloch A F,Jogi Q D,Kubar M I.Effects of varying nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium doses on the growth,development and yield of radish(Raphanus sativus L.)[J].Pakistan Journal of Agriculture:Agricultural Engineering Veterinary Sciences,2010,25(1):22-24
[5]Chang H L,Chang Y P,Park K D,Jeon W T,Kim P J.Long-term effects of fertilization on the forms and availability of soil phosphorus in rice paddy.[J].Chemosphere,2004,56(3):299-304
[6]张翠萍,孟平,李建中,万贤崇.磷元素和土壤酸化交互作用对核桃幼苗光合特性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(12):1345-1355
[7]廉华,王萌,马光恕,王彦宏,王茹华,盛云燕.磷素对甜瓜幼苗期生理指标的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(23):14-17
[8]陈波浪,吴海华,罗佳,郝丽娜,齐晓晨,赵库.施磷对立架甜瓜干物质积累及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):511-518
[9]姚玉敏.不同栽培基质和磷钾水平对甜瓜生长发育、品质和风味物质的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2009
[10]廉华,谢秀芳,李欣,黄超,李莹,李雪微,马光恕.磷素对甜瓜幼苗根系生理活性物质的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(8):1632-1639
[11]胡国智,冯炯鑫,张炎,吴海波,熊韬,李青军.不同施氮量对甜瓜养分吸收、分配、利用及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):760-766
[12]赵志华,李建明,张大龙,马亮,贾笑蕊,徐菲,李俊.水钾耦合对大棚厚皮甜瓜产量和可溶性固形物含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(8):161-167
[13]郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011:90
[14]李欣,谢秀芳,黄超,李莹,李雪微,张波,廉华.磷素对甜瓜幼苗质量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(4):22-26
[15]郝建军,康宗利,于洋.植物生理学实验技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:107-109
[16]陈新平,邹春琴,刘亚萍,张福锁.菠菜不同品种累积硝酸盐能力的差异及其原因[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(1):30-34
[17]赵世杰,刘华山,董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:68-72
[18]Huang C,Yu B,Teng Y,Su J,Su Q,Cheng Z,Zeng L.Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2009,121(2):149-158
[19]杨炜春,王琪全,刘维屏.除草剂莠去津(atrazine)在土壤-水环境中的吸附及其机理[J].环境科学,2000,21(4):94-97
[20]李林懋,门兴元,叶保华,于毅,张安盛,李丽莉,周仙红,庄乾营.不同生长时期冬枣受绿盲蝽危害后应激防御酶活性的变化[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(1):191-198
[21]冯磊,刘世琦,成波,王越,刘庆,马桂芹,李贺.不同水培磷素水平对大蒜产量、光合特性和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(3):38-43
[22]李冬梅,魏珉,张海森,王秀峰.氮、磷、钾用量和配比对温室黄瓜叶片相关代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):382-387
[23]朱隆静,喻景权.不同供磷水平对番茄生长和光合作用的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2005,17(3):120-122
[24]周全奎,尚兴甲,王梅芳,孔繁华,王翠霞,王振良.氮磷用量对天鹰椒产量及氮钙镁养分吸收的影响[J].土壤肥料,2005(5):17-20
[25]刘文海,高东升,束怀瑞.不同光强处理对设施桃树光合及荧光特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(10):2069-2075
[26]黄伟,张晓光.钾素对薄皮甜瓜光合作用和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(2):23-26
[27]蔡红光,米国华,陈范骏,张秀芝,高强.玉米叶片SPAD值、全氮及硝态氮含量的品种间变异[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):866-873
[28]朱飞飞,王朝辉,李生秀.不同油菜品种苗期叶柄硝态氮含量与产量及品质的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(2):80-84,98
[29]马光恕,刘涛,廉华,靳亚忠,刘芳.氮钾配施对麦瓶草(面条菜)品质性状及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(4):77-82
[30]孙常青,杨艳君,郭志利,屈非.施肥和密度对杂交谷可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及硝酸还原酶的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1169-1177
[31]Zamocky M,Furtmuller P G,Oblnger C.Evolution of catalases from bacteria to humans[J].Antioxid Redox Signal,2008,10(9):1527-1548
[32]郑亚萍,陈殿绪,信彩云,刘俊华,王才斌,孙学武,万书波,冯昊,吴正锋,郑永美.施磷水平对花生叶源生理特性的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(4):727-731
[33]吴俊江,刘丽君,钟鹏,林蔚刚,董德建.低磷胁迫对不同基因型大豆保护酶活性的影响[J].大豆科学,2008,27(3):437-441
[34]钟鹏,朱占林,李志刚,王建丽,张玉玲.干旱和低磷胁迫对大豆叶保护酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(2):153-154,204
[2]文长存,孙玉竹,吴敬学.“十三五”时期中国西甜瓜产业形势分析[J].农业展望,2016(5):49-52
[3]Kumaga F K.Response of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merrill)to bradyrhizobia inoculation and phosphorus application[J].International Journal of Agriculture&Biology,2004(2):324-327
[4]Wahocho N A,Baloch M A,Baloch A F,Jogi Q D,Kubar M I.Effects of varying nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium doses on the growth,development and yield of radish(Raphanus sativus L.)[J].Pakistan Journal of Agriculture:Agricultural Engineering Veterinary Sciences,2010,25(1):22-24
[5]Chang H L,Chang Y P,Park K D,Jeon W T,Kim P J.Long-term effects of fertilization on the forms and availability of soil phosphorus in rice paddy.[J].Chemosphere,2004,56(3):299-304
[6]张翠萍,孟平,李建中,万贤崇.磷元素和土壤酸化交互作用对核桃幼苗光合特性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(12):1345-1355
[7]廉华,王萌,马光恕,王彦宏,王茹华,盛云燕.磷素对甜瓜幼苗期生理指标的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(23):14-17
[8]陈波浪,吴海华,罗佳,郝丽娜,齐晓晨,赵库.施磷对立架甜瓜干物质积累及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):511-518
[9]姚玉敏.不同栽培基质和磷钾水平对甜瓜生长发育、品质和风味物质的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2009
[10]廉华,谢秀芳,李欣,黄超,李莹,李雪微,马光恕.磷素对甜瓜幼苗根系生理活性物质的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(8):1632-1639
[11]胡国智,冯炯鑫,张炎,吴海波,熊韬,李青军.不同施氮量对甜瓜养分吸收、分配、利用及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):760-766
[12]赵志华,李建明,张大龙,马亮,贾笑蕊,徐菲,李俊.水钾耦合对大棚厚皮甜瓜产量和可溶性固形物含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(8):161-167
[13]郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011:90
[14]李欣,谢秀芳,黄超,李莹,李雪微,张波,廉华.磷素对甜瓜幼苗质量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(4):22-26
[15]郝建军,康宗利,于洋.植物生理学实验技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:107-109
[16]陈新平,邹春琴,刘亚萍,张福锁.菠菜不同品种累积硝酸盐能力的差异及其原因[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(1):30-34
[17]赵世杰,刘华山,董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:68-72
[18]Huang C,Yu B,Teng Y,Su J,Su Q,Cheng Z,Zeng L.Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2009,121(2):149-158
[19]杨炜春,王琪全,刘维屏.除草剂莠去津(atrazine)在土壤-水环境中的吸附及其机理[J].环境科学,2000,21(4):94-97
[20]李林懋,门兴元,叶保华,于毅,张安盛,李丽莉,周仙红,庄乾营.不同生长时期冬枣受绿盲蝽危害后应激防御酶活性的变化[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(1):191-198
[21]冯磊,刘世琦,成波,王越,刘庆,马桂芹,李贺.不同水培磷素水平对大蒜产量、光合特性和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(3):38-43
[22]李冬梅,魏珉,张海森,王秀峰.氮、磷、钾用量和配比对温室黄瓜叶片相关代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):382-387
[23]朱隆静,喻景权.不同供磷水平对番茄生长和光合作用的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2005,17(3):120-122
[24]周全奎,尚兴甲,王梅芳,孔繁华,王翠霞,王振良.氮磷用量对天鹰椒产量及氮钙镁养分吸收的影响[J].土壤肥料,2005(5):17-20
[25]刘文海,高东升,束怀瑞.不同光强处理对设施桃树光合及荧光特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(10):2069-2075
[26]黄伟,张晓光.钾素对薄皮甜瓜光合作用和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(2):23-26
[27]蔡红光,米国华,陈范骏,张秀芝,高强.玉米叶片SPAD值、全氮及硝态氮含量的品种间变异[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):866-873
[28]朱飞飞,王朝辉,李生秀.不同油菜品种苗期叶柄硝态氮含量与产量及品质的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(2):80-84,98
[29]马光恕,刘涛,廉华,靳亚忠,刘芳.氮钾配施对麦瓶草(面条菜)品质性状及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(4):77-82
[30]孙常青,杨艳君,郭志利,屈非.施肥和密度对杂交谷可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及硝酸还原酶的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1169-1177
[31]Zamocky M,Furtmuller P G,Oblnger C.Evolution of catalases from bacteria to humans[J].Antioxid Redox Signal,2008,10(9):1527-1548
[32]郑亚萍,陈殿绪,信彩云,刘俊华,王才斌,孙学武,万书波,冯昊,吴正锋,郑永美.施磷水平对花生叶源生理特性的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(4):727-731
[33]吴俊江,刘丽君,钟鹏,林蔚刚,董德建.低磷胁迫对不同基因型大豆保护酶活性的影响[J].大豆科学,2008,27(3):437-441
[34]钟鹏,朱占林,李志刚,王建丽,张玉玲.干旱和低磷胁迫对大豆叶保护酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(2):153-154,204