不同土层深度及磷水平对番茄生物量及根系形态的影响
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摘要
以番茄品种东农708为试验材料,取距地表0~15cm,15~30cm,30~45cm的土壤为栽培土壤,各层土壤以施N、P、K肥为供磷处理,以施N、K肥为对照,研究不同土层深度及供磷水平对番茄生物量及根系形态的影响。结果表明,番茄植株地上部生物量受施磷水平和土层深度共同影响,同一土层中供磷条件下的番茄株高、地上部干、鲜质量均显著高于对照;在相同施磷水平下,0~15cm土层的番茄株高、地上部鲜质量均显著高于15~30cm和30~45cm土层。番茄植株地下部干质量、总根长、根表面积、根体积及0~1.5mm直径范围内总根长受施磷水平影响较大,受土层深度影响不明显。综上,不同土层深度及磷水平对番茄地上部生物量均有影响,且表层土壤施磷更利于番茄生物量的积累;根系形态受施磷水平影响较大,受土层深度影响不显著。
Taking tomato cultivar‘ Dongnong 708' as experimental material,and 3 layers soil from ground surface( 0-15 cm,15-30 cm,30-45 cm) as cultivation soil,applying N、K fertilizer as the contrast and N、P、K fertilizer as treatment,this paper studied the effects of different soil depth and phosphorus level on tomato biomass and root morphology.Results showed that the biomass of above ground tomato plant was affected by both P application level and soil depth.In all 3 soil layers,every index at P application treatment was significantly higher than that in the contrast,and at the same P level,all indexes at 0-15 cm layer were significantly higher than the other layers.However,the underground biomass,total root length,root surface area,root volume and root length between 0-1.5 mm diameter were greatly influenced by P application level and the effect by soil depth was not obvious.In conclusion,soil depth and P level both can affect the biomass of aboveground tomato,and P application at soil surface was more beneficial for accumulation of tomato biomass.The root morphology was influenced greatly by P application level,but not by soil depth.
Taking tomato cultivar‘ Dongnong 708' as experimental material,and 3 layers soil from ground surface( 0-15 cm,15-30 cm,30-45 cm) as cultivation soil,applying N、K fertilizer as the contrast and N、P、K fertilizer as treatment,this paper studied the effects of different soil depth and phosphorus level on tomato biomass and root morphology.Results showed that the biomass of above ground tomato plant was affected by both P application level and soil depth.In all 3 soil layers,every index at P application treatment was significantly higher than that in the contrast,and at the same P level,all indexes at 0-15 cm layer were significantly higher than the other layers.However,the underground biomass,total root length,root surface area,root volume and root length between 0-1.5 mm diameter were greatly influenced by P application level and the effect by soil depth was not obvious.In conclusion,soil depth and P level both can affect the biomass of aboveground tomato,and P application at soil surface was more beneficial for accumulation of tomato biomass.The root morphology was influenced greatly by P application level,but not by soil depth.
引文
才晓玲,李志洪.2009.土壤容重和施肥条件对玉米根系生长的影响.云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,24(3):470-473.
曹丽霞,陈贵林,敦惠霞,张轲.2009.缺磷胁迫对黑籽南瓜幼苗根系生长和根系分泌物的影响.华北农学报,24(5):164-169.
陈磊.2011.磷素供应及过氧化氢对小麦根系形态的影响[硕士论文].北京:中国农业科学院.
邓坤枚,罗天祥,张林.2005.云南松林的根系生物量及其分布规律的研究.应用生态学报,16(1):21-24.
郭再华,贺立源,徐才国.2005.低磷胁迫时植物根系的形态学变化.土壤通报,36(5):760-764.
黄爱缨,蔡一林,滕中华,木志坚,王三根.2008.玉米自交系苗期耐低磷的根系生理特性研究.中国生态农业学报,16(6):1419-1422.
李庆逵.1986.现代磷肥的研究进展.土壤学进展,(2):1-7.
刘灵,廖红,王秀荣,严小龙.2008.不同根构型大豆对低磷的适应性变化及其与磷效率的关系.中国农业科学,41(4):1089-1099.
卢振民.1991.冬小麦根系各种参数垂直分布实验研究.应用生态学报,2(2):127-133.
沈汉.1990.京郊菜园土壤元素累积与转化特征.土壤学报,27(1):104-106.
苏德纯.1995.从土壤中磷的空间分布特征探讨提高磷肥及土壤磷有效性的新途径.磷肥与复肥,31(10):74-76.
王进,田丽萍,白丽,褚贵新,危常州,薛林,银永安.2006.覆膜滴灌条件下氮磷钾肥配施对加工番茄生物学性状与产量的影响.石河子大学学报,24(2):205-209.
王静.2014.不同磷水平处理对水稻幼苗生长及部分矿质元素吸收的影响[硕士论文].重庆:西南大学.
王树起,韩晓增,李晓慧,严君,乔云发.2010.缺磷胁迫下的大豆根系形态特征研究.农业系统科学与综合研究,26(2):192-196.
王秀荣,廖红,严小龙.2004.不同供磷水平对拟南芥根形态的影响.西南农业学报,17(1):193-195.
魏其克.1987.冬小麦不同群体根系发育规律的研究.西北农业大学学报,15(3):49-56.
吴俊江,马凤鸣,林浩,刘丽君,钟鹏,林蔚刚,董德建,程莉莉,魏崃,刘德生.2009.不同磷效基因型大豆在生长关键时期根系形态变化的研究.大豆科学,28(4):821-832.
严小龙,廖红,戈振扬,罗锡文.2000.植物根构型特性与磷吸收效率.植物学通报,17(6):511-519.
张彦才,李若楠,王丽英,刘孟朝,武雪萍,吴会军,李银坤.2008.磷肥对日光温室番茄磷营养和产量及土壤酶活性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,14(6):1193-1199.
Anuradha M,Narayanan A.1991.Promotion of root elongtion by phosphorus deficiency.Plant and Soil,136(2):273-275.
Barber A S,Mackay A D.1986.Root growth and potassium uptake by two genotypes in the field.Fert Res,10(3):217-231.
Bates T R,Lynch J P.1996.Stimulation of root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana by low phosphorus availability.Plant Cell Environ,19(5):529-539.
Beebe S E,Rojas-Pierce M,Yan X L,Blair M W,Pedraza F,Munoz F,Tohme J,Lynch J P.2006.Quantitative trait loci for root architecture traits correlated with phosphorus acquisition in common bean.Crop Science Society of America,46(1):413-423.
Cordell D,Drangert J O,White S,2009.The story of phosphorus:global food security and food for thought.Glob Environ Change,19(2):292-305.
Fang S Q,Gao X,Deng Y,Chen X P,Liao H.2011.Crop root behavior coordinates phosphorus status and neighbors:from field studies to three-dimensional in situ reconstruction of root system architecture.Plant Physiology,155(3):1277-1285.
Fohse D,Claasen N,Jungk A.1991.Phosphorus efficiency of plants:II.Significance of root hairs and cation-anion balance for phosphorus influx in seven plant species.Plant and Soil,132:261-272.
Fontes Paulo C R,Barber S A,Wilcox G E.1986.Prediction of phosphorus uptake by two tomato cultivars growing under insufficient and sufficient phosphorus soil conditions using a mechanistic mathematical model.Plant and Soil,94(1):87-97.
Gajri P R.1985.Rooting water use and yield relation in wheat on loamy sand and sandy loam soils.Field Crops Res,12:115-132.
Gilbert N.2009.Environment:the disappearing nutrient.Nature,461:716-718.
Hinsinger P,Betencourt E,Bernard L,Brauman A,Plassard C,Shen J,Tang X,Zhang F.2011.P for two,sharing a scarce resource:soil phosphorus acquisition in the rhizosphere of intercropped species.Plant Physiol,156(3):1078-1086.
Hung H H,Stansel J W,Turner F T.1992.Temperature and growth duration influence phosphorus deficiency tolerance classification of rice cultivars.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,23:35-49.
Jakkeral S A,Kajjidoni S T,Koti R V.2009.Genotypic variation for root traits to phosphorus deficiency in blackgram(Vigna mungo L.Hepper).Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences,22(5):946-950.
Keerthisinghe G,Hocking P J,Ryan P R,Delhaize E.1998.Effect of phosphorus supply on the formation and function of proteoid roots of white lupin.Plant Cell Environ,21(5):467-478.
Rubio G,Walk T,Ge Z,Yan X,Liao H,Lynch J P.2001.Root gravitropism and below-ground competition among neighbouring plants:a modelling approach.Annals of Botany,88(5):929-940.
Williamson L C,Ribrioux S,Fitter A H,Leyser H M O.2001.Phosphate availability regulates root system architecture in Arabidopsis.Plant Physiology,126(2):875-882.
曹丽霞,陈贵林,敦惠霞,张轲.2009.缺磷胁迫对黑籽南瓜幼苗根系生长和根系分泌物的影响.华北农学报,24(5):164-169.
陈磊.2011.磷素供应及过氧化氢对小麦根系形态的影响[硕士论文].北京:中国农业科学院.
邓坤枚,罗天祥,张林.2005.云南松林的根系生物量及其分布规律的研究.应用生态学报,16(1):21-24.
郭再华,贺立源,徐才国.2005.低磷胁迫时植物根系的形态学变化.土壤通报,36(5):760-764.
黄爱缨,蔡一林,滕中华,木志坚,王三根.2008.玉米自交系苗期耐低磷的根系生理特性研究.中国生态农业学报,16(6):1419-1422.
李庆逵.1986.现代磷肥的研究进展.土壤学进展,(2):1-7.
刘灵,廖红,王秀荣,严小龙.2008.不同根构型大豆对低磷的适应性变化及其与磷效率的关系.中国农业科学,41(4):1089-1099.
卢振民.1991.冬小麦根系各种参数垂直分布实验研究.应用生态学报,2(2):127-133.
沈汉.1990.京郊菜园土壤元素累积与转化特征.土壤学报,27(1):104-106.
苏德纯.1995.从土壤中磷的空间分布特征探讨提高磷肥及土壤磷有效性的新途径.磷肥与复肥,31(10):74-76.
王进,田丽萍,白丽,褚贵新,危常州,薛林,银永安.2006.覆膜滴灌条件下氮磷钾肥配施对加工番茄生物学性状与产量的影响.石河子大学学报,24(2):205-209.
王静.2014.不同磷水平处理对水稻幼苗生长及部分矿质元素吸收的影响[硕士论文].重庆:西南大学.
王树起,韩晓增,李晓慧,严君,乔云发.2010.缺磷胁迫下的大豆根系形态特征研究.农业系统科学与综合研究,26(2):192-196.
王秀荣,廖红,严小龙.2004.不同供磷水平对拟南芥根形态的影响.西南农业学报,17(1):193-195.
魏其克.1987.冬小麦不同群体根系发育规律的研究.西北农业大学学报,15(3):49-56.
吴俊江,马凤鸣,林浩,刘丽君,钟鹏,林蔚刚,董德建,程莉莉,魏崃,刘德生.2009.不同磷效基因型大豆在生长关键时期根系形态变化的研究.大豆科学,28(4):821-832.
严小龙,廖红,戈振扬,罗锡文.2000.植物根构型特性与磷吸收效率.植物学通报,17(6):511-519.
张彦才,李若楠,王丽英,刘孟朝,武雪萍,吴会军,李银坤.2008.磷肥对日光温室番茄磷营养和产量及土壤酶活性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,14(6):1193-1199.
Anuradha M,Narayanan A.1991.Promotion of root elongtion by phosphorus deficiency.Plant and Soil,136(2):273-275.
Barber A S,Mackay A D.1986.Root growth and potassium uptake by two genotypes in the field.Fert Res,10(3):217-231.
Bates T R,Lynch J P.1996.Stimulation of root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana by low phosphorus availability.Plant Cell Environ,19(5):529-539.
Beebe S E,Rojas-Pierce M,Yan X L,Blair M W,Pedraza F,Munoz F,Tohme J,Lynch J P.2006.Quantitative trait loci for root architecture traits correlated with phosphorus acquisition in common bean.Crop Science Society of America,46(1):413-423.
Cordell D,Drangert J O,White S,2009.The story of phosphorus:global food security and food for thought.Glob Environ Change,19(2):292-305.
Fang S Q,Gao X,Deng Y,Chen X P,Liao H.2011.Crop root behavior coordinates phosphorus status and neighbors:from field studies to three-dimensional in situ reconstruction of root system architecture.Plant Physiology,155(3):1277-1285.
Fohse D,Claasen N,Jungk A.1991.Phosphorus efficiency of plants:II.Significance of root hairs and cation-anion balance for phosphorus influx in seven plant species.Plant and Soil,132:261-272.
Fontes Paulo C R,Barber S A,Wilcox G E.1986.Prediction of phosphorus uptake by two tomato cultivars growing under insufficient and sufficient phosphorus soil conditions using a mechanistic mathematical model.Plant and Soil,94(1):87-97.
Gajri P R.1985.Rooting water use and yield relation in wheat on loamy sand and sandy loam soils.Field Crops Res,12:115-132.
Gilbert N.2009.Environment:the disappearing nutrient.Nature,461:716-718.
Hinsinger P,Betencourt E,Bernard L,Brauman A,Plassard C,Shen J,Tang X,Zhang F.2011.P for two,sharing a scarce resource:soil phosphorus acquisition in the rhizosphere of intercropped species.Plant Physiol,156(3):1078-1086.
Hung H H,Stansel J W,Turner F T.1992.Temperature and growth duration influence phosphorus deficiency tolerance classification of rice cultivars.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,23:35-49.
Jakkeral S A,Kajjidoni S T,Koti R V.2009.Genotypic variation for root traits to phosphorus deficiency in blackgram(Vigna mungo L.Hepper).Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences,22(5):946-950.
Keerthisinghe G,Hocking P J,Ryan P R,Delhaize E.1998.Effect of phosphorus supply on the formation and function of proteoid roots of white lupin.Plant Cell Environ,21(5):467-478.
Rubio G,Walk T,Ge Z,Yan X,Liao H,Lynch J P.2001.Root gravitropism and below-ground competition among neighbouring plants:a modelling approach.Annals of Botany,88(5):929-940.
Williamson L C,Ribrioux S,Fitter A H,Leyser H M O.2001.Phosphate availability regulates root system architecture in Arabidopsis.Plant Physiology,126(2):875-882.