核桃“3414”肥料效应试验及推荐施肥量的回归分析
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摘要
为了探寻最适养分施用量和最佳施肥方案,从而提高核桃产量和培肥土壤,为核桃生产中的科学施肥提供技术指导,以陕西省黄龙县栽培的‘香玲’核桃树为试验材料,采用"3414"试验设计进行了施肥效应试验,并结合试验田的基础地力水平,采用两种方法对核桃产量与肥料用量之间的关系进行了回归分析,得出了N、P2O5、K2O这3种肥料的最佳用量。结果表明:不同的施肥量对核桃产量的影响很大,缺肥或少肥都会影响核桃产量,与对照相比各施肥处理的核桃产量均有提高,其中处理6(N2P2K2)的产量最高;而且,在这3种肥料的互作效应中,N、P、K的互作效应最高,其次为N与K、N与P、P与K的互作效应。由回归方程计算得出的N、P2O5、K2O的最高施用量分别为1.009 1、0.190 4、1.227 6 kg·株-1,最佳施用量分别为0.987 5、0.1648、1.226 0 kg·株-1,最高和最佳产量分别为8.373、8.368 kg·株-1。N、P2O5、K2O含量与产量的一元二次拟合方程的拟合程度均较好(R2值均较大),但在此3种养分施用量与产量的一元二次效应方程的相关关系中,N、P2O5、K2O都没有达到显著水平。以两种拟合方程计算得到的结果相近,考虑到既要高产又能培肥土壤的目的,该研究以采用三元二次效应方程拟合的养分推荐施用量作为核桃试验地施肥的标准用量。
In order to research the suitable fertilizer amount and the best fertilization plan, to increase walnut yield and fertilize soil, and to provide some technical guides for walnut production, ‘Xiangling' in Huanglong County of Shaanxi was used as test materials, fertilization tests were carried out by 3414 test plan, relation of wulnut yield and fertilizer amount were analyzed by two methods of regression analysis based on basic soil fertility level of test field, and the optimum dosages of three fertilizers of N, P2 O5 and K2 O. The results showed that different amount of fertilization had a great effect on walnut yield, and walnut yield was always affected by lack of fertilizer or little fertilizer. Walnut yield in the treatments was increased compared with the control, and that in treatment 6(N2 P2 K2) was the highest. In the interaction effects of three kinds of fertilizers, the interaction effect of N, P and K was the highest, followed by the interaction effects of N and K, N and P, P and K. The maximum application amount of N, P2 O5 and K2 O were 1.009 1, 0.190 4 and 1.227 6 kg per plant, respectively. The optimum application amount were 0.987 5, 0.164 8 and 1.226 0 kg per plant, respectively. The highest and the best yields were 8.373 and 8.368 kg per plant, respectively. Fitting degree of the quadratic effect equation of yield and contents of N, P2 O5 and K2 O(R2 values were relatively high), but N, P2 O5, and K2 O contents didn't reach significant levels in the correlation of the quadratic effect equation of the three nutrient application amount and yield. The obtained results based on the two kinds of fitted equations were close. Taking into account both high yield and fertilized soil, the recommended nutrient application amount fitted by the ternary quadratic effect equation was used as the standard for fertilization in walnut test field.
In order to research the suitable fertilizer amount and the best fertilization plan, to increase walnut yield and fertilize soil, and to provide some technical guides for walnut production, ‘Xiangling' in Huanglong County of Shaanxi was used as test materials, fertilization tests were carried out by 3414 test plan, relation of wulnut yield and fertilizer amount were analyzed by two methods of regression analysis based on basic soil fertility level of test field, and the optimum dosages of three fertilizers of N, P2 O5 and K2 O. The results showed that different amount of fertilization had a great effect on walnut yield, and walnut yield was always affected by lack of fertilizer or little fertilizer. Walnut yield in the treatments was increased compared with the control, and that in treatment 6(N2 P2 K2) was the highest. In the interaction effects of three kinds of fertilizers, the interaction effect of N, P and K was the highest, followed by the interaction effects of N and K, N and P, P and K. The maximum application amount of N, P2 O5 and K2 O were 1.009 1, 0.190 4 and 1.227 6 kg per plant, respectively. The optimum application amount were 0.987 5, 0.164 8 and 1.226 0 kg per plant, respectively. The highest and the best yields were 8.373 and 8.368 kg per plant, respectively. Fitting degree of the quadratic effect equation of yield and contents of N, P2 O5 and K2 O(R2 values were relatively high), but N, P2 O5, and K2 O contents didn't reach significant levels in the correlation of the quadratic effect equation of the three nutrient application amount and yield. The obtained results based on the two kinds of fitted equations were close. Taking into account both high yield and fertilized soil, the recommended nutrient application amount fitted by the ternary quadratic effect equation was used as the standard for fertilization in walnut test field.
引文
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[13]韩宏伟,王建友,李勇,等.沙壤土条件下不同施肥水平对成龄枸杞生长及产量的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(4):47-50.
[2]封斌奎.核桃营养保健功能与加工技术研究进展[J].陕西林业科学,2015(1):10-13.
[3]武静.早实核桃坚果品质与叶片营养相关性浅析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(8):24-27.
[4]BERNARD A,LHEUREUX F,DIRLEWANGER E.Walnut:past and future of genetic improvement[J].Tree Genetics&Genomes,2018,14(1):1.
[5]李鸣,王力,胡刁,等.核桃生长、产量及叶片养分对配施有机肥的响应[J].果树学报,2015,32(5):923-928.
[6]孔芬,刘小勇,韩富军,等.肥料对山旱地核桃叶片矿质元素与光合特性的影响[J].经济林研究,2017,35(3):109-110.
[7]陈加利,姜喜,张宏,等.不同水肥处理对核桃光合特性和产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,5(11):2043-2050.
[8]帕尔哈提·吾甫尔,阿布力米提·阿布拉,孜热皮古丽·赛都拉.果粮间作区域核桃树氮磷钾最佳施肥量的研究[J].北方果树,2013(2):10-11.
[9]马志超,张明学,周仓军,等.关中西部玉米氮磷钾养分丰缺指标及经济最佳施肥量研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(11):145-151.
[10]邓云,孙德玺,朱迎春,等.“3414”肥效试验对西瓜产量的影响及推荐施肥量分析[J].中国瓜菜,2013,26(3):16-19.
[11]赵权,王琳,李明旺,等.印江县水稻配方施肥方案初探[J].耕作与栽培,2007(1):20-21.
[12]祁大成,冯旭东,董红梅,等.花生“3414”肥料效应试验及推荐施肥分析[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(14):3832-3834.
[13]韩宏伟,王建友,李勇,等.沙壤土条件下不同施肥水平对成龄枸杞生长及产量的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(4):47-50.