肥料增效剂组配对水稻氮素吸收及田面水无机氮的影响
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摘要
利用田间小区试验,研究多维肥精(ANO)、氢醌(HQ)和NAM组配对水稻产量、氮肥利用率和田面水中铵态氮、硝态氮浓度的影响。结果表明:处理F(ANO+HQ+NAM)的产量最高,达到5 735 kg/hm~2,显著高于复混肥处理B(有肥对照)、C(ANO)、E(ANO+NAM),较处理B的增产量和增产率分别为1 095 kg/hm~2和23.60%,且氮素吸收利用率、氮素农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力均最高,分别为34.94%、15.61%和46.96%,较处理B分别提高了7.01、4.41和4.40个百分点;增施抑制剂(HQ、NAM)能明显降低田面水中无机氮浓度的峰值,均以处理F的田面水无机氮浓度较低。综合水稻产量、氮素利用率和田面水中无机氮浓度,认为组配ANO、HQ和NAM的处理效果最好。
Field experiment was conducted to study effects of the combinations of multidimensional fertilizer(ANO), hydroquinone(HQ)and NAM on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency(NUE), ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations of surface water. Results showed that treatment F(ANO+HQ+NAM) produced the greatest yield(5 735 kg/hm~2), significantly higher than treatment B(compound fertilizer), C(ANO) and E(ANO+NAM). Compared with treatment B, treatment F increased seed yield by 1 095 kg/hm~2 at the growth of 23.60%. Furthermore, NUE, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen partial facter productivity of treatment F reached 34.94%,15.61% and 46.96%, which was 7.01, 4.41 and 4.40 percentage point higher than that of treatment B, respectively. Increasing the amount of inhibitors(HQ, NAM) significantly reduced the peak concentration of inorganic nitrogen in surface water; among them, treatment F achieved a lower peak value. In conclusion, treatment F had the best effect on rice yield, NUE and inorganic nitrogen concentration in surface water.
Field experiment was conducted to study effects of the combinations of multidimensional fertilizer(ANO), hydroquinone(HQ)and NAM on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency(NUE), ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations of surface water. Results showed that treatment F(ANO+HQ+NAM) produced the greatest yield(5 735 kg/hm~2), significantly higher than treatment B(compound fertilizer), C(ANO) and E(ANO+NAM). Compared with treatment B, treatment F increased seed yield by 1 095 kg/hm~2 at the growth of 23.60%. Furthermore, NUE, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen partial facter productivity of treatment F reached 34.94%,15.61% and 46.96%, which was 7.01, 4.41 and 4.40 percentage point higher than that of treatment B, respectively. Increasing the amount of inhibitors(HQ, NAM) significantly reduced the peak concentration of inorganic nitrogen in surface water; among them, treatment F achieved a lower peak value. In conclusion, treatment F had the best effect on rice yield, NUE and inorganic nitrogen concentration in surface water.
引文
[1]陆景陵.植物营养学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004.
[2]朱兆良.农田中氮肥的损失与对策[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):1-6.
[3]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
[4]Menéndez S,Merino P,Pinto M,et al.3,4-Dimethylpyrazol phosphate effect on nitrous oxide,nitric oxide,ammonia,and carbon dioxide emissions from grasslands[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2006,35(4):973-981.
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[7]孙志梅,武志杰,陈利军,等.3,5-二甲基吡唑对尿素氮转化及NO3--N淋溶的影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(1):176-181.
[8]孙志梅,武志杰,陈利军,等.硝化抑制剂的施用效果、影响因素及其评价[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(7):1611-1618.
[9]何威明,保万魁,王旭.氮肥增效剂及其效果评价的研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011,(3):1-7.
[10]冷一欣,芮新生,何佩华,等.施用聚天冬氨酸增加玉米产量的研究[J].玉米科学,2005,13(3):100-102.
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[12]王飚,何立德.多维肥精在水稻生产上的应用效果初报[J].新疆农垦科技,2011(3):12.
[13]邓兰生,张承林.玉米滴灌栽培条件下尿素与氢醌、双氰胺配施方法及效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):498-503.
[14]李青军,张炎,胡国智,等.化肥配施添加剂NAM对棉花干物质、产量及养分吸收的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):134-137.
[15]杨勇,蒋宏芳,荣湘民,等.不同肥料增效剂在水稻上的应用效果研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(5):83-87.
[16]古慧娟,王玲莉,谭庆艳,等.NAM添加剂对水稻减氮施肥的影响效果研究[J].土壤通报,2012,43(2):439-443.
[17]张文学,孙刚,何萍,等.双季稻田添加脲酶抑制剂NBPT氮肥的最高减量潜力研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):821-830.
[18]韩宝文,贾良良,肖焱波,等.脲酶抑制剂对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(4):116-120.
[19]曹银珠,赵同科,刘树庆,等.脲酶/硝化抑制剂双控过程中硝化抑制尿素分解效应[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):143-147,200.
[20]陈振华,陈利军,武志杰.脲酶-硝化抑制剂对减缓尿素转化产物氧化及淋溶的作用[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(2):238-242.
[21]苏壮.脲酶/硝化抑制剂对土壤中尿素氮转化及其生物有效性的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2005,36(2):230-232.
[2]朱兆良.农田中氮肥的损失与对策[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):1-6.
[3]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
[4]Menéndez S,Merino P,Pinto M,et al.3,4-Dimethylpyrazol phosphate effect on nitrous oxide,nitric oxide,ammonia,and carbon dioxide emissions from grasslands[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2006,35(4):973-981.
[5]Robertson G P,Vitousek P M.Nitrogen in agriculture:Balancing the cost of an essential resource[J].Annual Review of Environment and Resources,2009,34(1):97-125.
[6]Jumadi O,Hala Y,Muis A,et al.Influences of chemical fertilizers and a nitrification inhibitor on greenhouse gas fluxes in a corn(Zea mays L.)field in indonesia[J].Microbes and Environments,2008,23(1):29-34.
[7]孙志梅,武志杰,陈利军,等.3,5-二甲基吡唑对尿素氮转化及NO3--N淋溶的影响[J].环境科学,2007,28(1):176-181.
[8]孙志梅,武志杰,陈利军,等.硝化抑制剂的施用效果、影响因素及其评价[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(7):1611-1618.
[9]何威明,保万魁,王旭.氮肥增效剂及其效果评价的研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011,(3):1-7.
[10]冷一欣,芮新生,何佩华,等.施用聚天冬氨酸增加玉米产量的研究[J].玉米科学,2005,13(3):100-102.
[11]冷一欣,韶晖,蒋俊杰,等.肥料增效剂聚天冬氨酸的应用效果研究[J].安徽农业科学,2002,30(3):412-413.
[12]王飚,何立德.多维肥精在水稻生产上的应用效果初报[J].新疆农垦科技,2011(3):12.
[13]邓兰生,张承林.玉米滴灌栽培条件下尿素与氢醌、双氰胺配施方法及效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):498-503.
[14]李青军,张炎,胡国智,等.化肥配施添加剂NAM对棉花干物质、产量及养分吸收的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):134-137.
[15]杨勇,蒋宏芳,荣湘民,等.不同肥料增效剂在水稻上的应用效果研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(5):83-87.
[16]古慧娟,王玲莉,谭庆艳,等.NAM添加剂对水稻减氮施肥的影响效果研究[J].土壤通报,2012,43(2):439-443.
[17]张文学,孙刚,何萍,等.双季稻田添加脲酶抑制剂NBPT氮肥的最高减量潜力研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):821-830.
[18]韩宝文,贾良良,肖焱波,等.脲酶抑制剂对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(4):116-120.
[19]曹银珠,赵同科,刘树庆,等.脲酶/硝化抑制剂双控过程中硝化抑制尿素分解效应[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):143-147,200.
[20]陈振华,陈利军,武志杰.脲酶-硝化抑制剂对减缓尿素转化产物氧化及淋溶的作用[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(2):238-242.
[21]苏壮.脲酶/硝化抑制剂对土壤中尿素氮转化及其生物有效性的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2005,36(2):230-232.