文冠果表型性状的相关性及主成分分析
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摘要
文冠果种子产量低,这是制约其大力开发与利用的瓶颈。为给文冠果优良品种的选育和文冠果资源评价和利用提供科学依据,对新疆维吾尔自治区奇台县的160株文冠果单株的种子质量、结果个数、果实质量等21个性状指标进行了调查,并采用变异分析、相关性分析和主成分分析等分析方法,对影响其产量的主要因素进行了探讨。变异分析结果表明:被调查的160株文冠果单株各性状指标间均存在明显差异;其中,单株结果个数的变异系数最大,为82.98%;叶密度的变异系数最小,为8.77%。相关性分析结果表明:单株种子质量与树高、地径、冠幅、果实纵径、种子长、单果种子质量、单株结果个数、单株果实质量、百果质量、百粒种子质量、叶长、叶宽、叶面积、果皮厚度、单果种子粒数及种子宽之间均存在显著正相关。主成分分析结果表明:从21个性状指标中提取了7个主成分,即单果产量、单株产量、果实产量、叶形、种形、果形、树形这7个因子,其累积贡献率达74.693%;依据各主成分贡献率的大小,在育种中可选择单果种子质量大、单株结果个数多、单株果实质量大、叶长、种子长、果纵径长、冠幅大的单株作为优良高产植株。
Low seed yield in Xanthoceras sorbifolia has always been a bottleneck restricting its vigorous development and utilization. In order to provide some scientific bases for breeding fine X. sorbifolia varities and evaluation &utilization of X. sorbifolia resources, a total of 21 characteristic indexes of 160 plants from Qitai County of Xinjiang were invesgatied, including seed mass per plant, fruit number per plant, fruit mass per plant, and so on. Main factors affecting yield were researched through variation analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The result of variation analysis showed that there were significant differences among each characteristic index of investigated160 X. sorbifolia plants. Among them, variation coefficient of fruit number per plant was the biggest(82.98%), and that of leaf density was the least(8.77%). The results of correlation analysis showed that seed mass per plant had significant positive correlations with tree height, ground diameter, crown width, fruit longitudinal diameter, seed length, seed mass per fruit, fruit number per plant, fruit mass per plant, 100-fruit mass, 100-seed mass, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, peel thickness, seed number per fruit and seed width. The results of principal component analysis showed that 21 characteristic indexs could be classified into 7 principal components, namely single fruit yield, single plant yield, fruit yield, leaf shape,seed shape, fruit shape and tree shape, and their cumulative contribution rate was 74.693%. Based on contribution rate of each principal component, individual plants with high seed mass per fruit, more fruit number per plant, high fruit mass per plant, long leaf, long seed, long fruit longitudinal diameter and large crown width could be selected as fine individual plants with high yield in breeding.
Low seed yield in Xanthoceras sorbifolia has always been a bottleneck restricting its vigorous development and utilization. In order to provide some scientific bases for breeding fine X. sorbifolia varities and evaluation &utilization of X. sorbifolia resources, a total of 21 characteristic indexes of 160 plants from Qitai County of Xinjiang were invesgatied, including seed mass per plant, fruit number per plant, fruit mass per plant, and so on. Main factors affecting yield were researched through variation analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The result of variation analysis showed that there were significant differences among each characteristic index of investigated160 X. sorbifolia plants. Among them, variation coefficient of fruit number per plant was the biggest(82.98%), and that of leaf density was the least(8.77%). The results of correlation analysis showed that seed mass per plant had significant positive correlations with tree height, ground diameter, crown width, fruit longitudinal diameter, seed length, seed mass per fruit, fruit number per plant, fruit mass per plant, 100-fruit mass, 100-seed mass, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, peel thickness, seed number per fruit and seed width. The results of principal component analysis showed that 21 characteristic indexs could be classified into 7 principal components, namely single fruit yield, single plant yield, fruit yield, leaf shape,seed shape, fruit shape and tree shape, and their cumulative contribution rate was 74.693%. Based on contribution rate of each principal component, individual plants with high seed mass per fruit, more fruit number per plant, high fruit mass per plant, long leaf, long seed, long fruit longitudinal diameter and large crown width could be selected as fine individual plants with high yield in breeding.
引文
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[18]董晓丽,白鹏莉,王金妹,等.核磁共振法与索氏提取法测定能源植物种子含油量的比较研究[J].可再生能源,2011,29(3):21-24.
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[22]郭宝林,杨俊霞.主成分分析法在仁用杏品种主要经济性状选种上的应用研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(6):53-56.
[23]孙蝉,肖千文,黄丽媛,等.核桃单株经济性状的主成分分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2011,29(2):185-190.
[24]高焕章,吴楚,姜学知,等.湖北兴山核桃复选优系主要经济性状主成分分析[J].湖北农学院学报,2001,21(3):207-211.
[25]DUNN C P.Keeping taxonomy based in morphology[J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2003,18(6):270-271.
[26]张彩霞,明军,刘春,等.岷江百合天然群体的表型多样性[J].园艺学报,2008,35(8):1183-1188.
[2]刘玉林,李伟,董树斌,等.文冠果转录组SSR特征分析及EST-SSR标记开发[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(3):89-95.
[3]侯元凯,唐天林,孙志强.生物柴油、生物乙醇植物栽培与应用[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010:46-72.
[4]牟洪香,候新村,刘巧哲.不同地区文冠果种仁油脂肪酸组分及含量的变化规律[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(2):193-197
[5]申展,马履一,敖妍,等.基于SSR标记的文冠果遗传多样性分析及核心种质构建[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(8):3341-3350.
[6]马新,李铭,朱耀军,等.干旱胁迫下文冠果光合指标的变化研究[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(1):122-126.
[7]郭有燕,刘宏军,余宏远,等.种子大小和干旱胁迫对文冠果幼苗生长的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(8):143-147.
[8]白雪,胡文忠,姜爱丽,等.文冠果种仁油开发和应用的研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(9):393-396.
[9]佟常耀,张学增.文冠果历史概况[J].吉林林业科技,1979(1):23-25.
[10]汪子洋,黄炎子,王俊杰,等.文冠果不同果形种实性状的概率分布与选择[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(9):17-31.
[11]周荣汉.中药资源学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1993:331-339.
[12]钱能志,费世民,韩志群.中国林业生物柴油[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007:139-206.
[13]高述民,马凯,杜希华,等.文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia)研究进展[J].植物学通报,2002,19(3):296-301.
[14]尚占环,姚爱兴.生物遗传多样性研究方法及其保护措施[J].宁夏农学院学报,2002(1):66-69.
[15]杨雨春,赵佳宁,张忠辉,等.文冠果不同群体果实和种子性状综合评价研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(16):36-40.
[16]敖妍.文冠果种子产量影响因素分析[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(8):300-304.
[17]王艺林,吕东,刘贤德,等.5个种源文冠果果实和种子表型性状变异分析[J].经济林研究,2018,36(3):38-47.
[18]董晓丽,白鹏莉,王金妹,等.核磁共振法与索氏提取法测定能源植物种子含油量的比较研究[J].可再生能源,2011,29(3):21-24.
[19]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统:实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:761-771.
[20]柴春山,芦娟,蔡国军,等.文冠果人工种群的果实表型多样性及其变异[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(2):181-191.
[21]侯元凯,黄琳,周忠惠.文冠果果实性状相关性研究[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(3):395-398.
[22]郭宝林,杨俊霞.主成分分析法在仁用杏品种主要经济性状选种上的应用研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(6):53-56.
[23]孙蝉,肖千文,黄丽媛,等.核桃单株经济性状的主成分分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2011,29(2):185-190.
[24]高焕章,吴楚,姜学知,等.湖北兴山核桃复选优系主要经济性状主成分分析[J].湖北农学院学报,2001,21(3):207-211.
[25]DUNN C P.Keeping taxonomy based in morphology[J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2003,18(6):270-271.
[26]张彩霞,明军,刘春,等.岷江百合天然群体的表型多样性[J].园艺学报,2008,35(8):1183-1188.