基于博文分析的上海世博会旅游体验研究
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摘要
大型事件的旅游体验与一般旅游体验既有共性又有不同,两者的差异研究尚不多见。以126篇博文为研究样本,运用RostCM、MAXQDA软件辅助文本内容分析,从五大方面提取信息点阐述上海世博会游客体验的类别及其特征,得出如下结论:(1)世博会作为大型事件的典型代表,具有不同于一般旅游吸引物的独特性,基于此提出世博会旅游体验双维度分类模型,两个维度是"核心"对应"附带"体验、"实质"对应"象征"体验,并据此将世博会园区内旅游体验划分为4类;(2)世博会某项体验的重要性与其是否是核心体验或实质体验无关,某项体验也并不具有决定性的重要性,世博会旅游体验的重要性实则带有很鲜明的世博特征;(3)四类体验并非孤立存在,而是彼此联系,相互影响。
Tourist experiences of mega events have commonnesses with and differences from general tourist experiences,about which researches are inadequate.Based on 126 pieces of blog,this paper applies text analysis as method and software RostCM\MAXQDA as tools,analyses tourist experience of World Expo(2010)Shanghai and draws three conclusions:based on the uniqueness of World expo,a classification model of two dimensions is suggested and the two dimensions are"core"vs"attached"\"substantial"vs"symbolic",which classify four types of experiences;not a certain kind of experience has decisive importance and the importance of a certain kind of experience is linked with the characteristics of World Expo;the four types of experiences don't exist isolatedly,but connect with and affect each other.
Tourist experiences of mega events have commonnesses with and differences from general tourist experiences,about which researches are inadequate.Based on 126 pieces of blog,this paper applies text analysis as method and software RostCM\MAXQDA as tools,analyses tourist experience of World Expo(2010)Shanghai and draws three conclusions:based on the uniqueness of World expo,a classification model of two dimensions is suggested and the two dimensions are"core"vs"attached"\"substantial"vs"symbolic",which classify four types of experiences;not a certain kind of experience has decisive importance and the importance of a certain kind of experience is linked with the characteristics of World Expo;the four types of experiences don't exist isolatedly,but connect with and affect each other.
引文
[1]Cheng X.Structure theory and empirical research of tourism festival system:A case study of Hubei province[D].Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2008.[成曦.旅游节庆系统构建理论与实证研究:以湖北省为例[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2008.]
[2]Wang CH,Lu l,Xia QY.Tourists’perception value and behavior intention in mega event based on structural equation model(SEM):A case study of 2010Shanghai World Expo[J].Geographical Research,2011(4):735-746.[王朝辉,陆林,夏巧云.基于SEM的重大事件国内游客感知价值及行为意向关系研究:2010上海世博会为例[J].地理研究,2011(4):735-746.]
[3]Getz D.Event management and event tourism[C]//Jafari,J.Encyclopedia of Tourism.New York:Routleledge,2000:209-212.
[4]Peng LY.Empirical research of residents’perceptions on and attitudes towards mega events[D].Shanghai:Fudan University,2008.[彭兰亚.居民对旅游重大事件影响感知特征与态度的实证研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2008.]
[5]Cao XX.Make full use of network,provide service for tourism research and decision making[J].Tourism Tribune,2007(5):11-12.[曹新向.充分利用网络,为旅游研究和决策提供服务[J].旅游学刊,2007(5):11-12.]
[6]Wang T,Lu L.The extraction and analysis of tourism research information based on blogs[J].Tourism Forum,2010(4):480-485.[汪婷,陆林.基于博客的旅游研究信息的提取与分析[J].旅游论坛,2010(4):480-485.]
[7]Zhang W,Dun XF.Study on image perception of mainland tourists to Taiwan:Based on content analysis of online travels[J].Journal of Beijing International Studies University,2010(11):75-83.[张文,顿雪霏.探讨大陆游客对台湾旅游目的地形象的感知:基于网上游记的内容分析[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2010(11):75-83.]
[8]Wang JG,Wang Y.A qualitative research on internet tourist text with NVivo:A case study on Zhaoxing in Southeast Guizhou[J].Tourism Forum,2009(1):30-34.[王佳果,王尧.基于NVivo软件的互联网旅游文本的质性研究:以贵州黔东南肇兴的旅游者文本为例[J].旅游论坛,2009(1):30-34.]
[9]Amaquandoh E,Brown D.A content analysis of sentiments expressed by visitors to cultural heritage sites at the Elmina and Cape Coast former slave castles in Ghana[J].The Consortium Journal,2008,12(2):77-90.
[10]Zhou YG,Ma YH.Study on the tourist satisfaction and tourist management based on free comments from Ctrip:A case study of Huangshan Mountain scenic spot[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2007(2):97-100.[周永广,马燕红.基于携程网自由点评的游客满意度评价及游客管理研究:以黄山风景区为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2007(2):97-100.]
[11]Cao HZ.The new consideration on research of pleasure formation mechanism in tourist experience:The flow theory[J].Northern Economy and Trade,2006(11):13-14.[曹洪珍.旅游体验中研究快乐形成的新方法:畅爽理论[J].北方经贸,2006(11):13-14.]
[12]Li P,Xu CX.Summarize on the study result of tourism experience[J].Journal of Beijing International Studies University(Tourism Version),2007(7):1-8.[李萍,许春晓.旅游体验研究综述[J].北京第二外国语学院学报(旅游版),2007(7):1-8.]
[13]Wei X,Pan YT.Summary of the research on touring experience in China(2000-2009)[J].Tourism Forum,2010(6):645-651.[魏遐,潘益听.中国旅游体验研究十年(2000-2009)综述[J].旅游论坛,2010(6):645-651.]
[14]Cohen E.A phenomenology of tourist experiences[J].Sociology,1979,13(2):179-201.
[15]MacCannell D.Staged authenticity:Arrangements of social space in tourist settings[J].American Journal of Sociology,1973,79(3):589-603.
[16]Unger LS,Kernan JB.On the meaning of leisure:An investigation of some determinants of the subjective experience[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1983,9(4):381-392.
[17]Otto JE,Ritchie JRB.The service experience in tourism[J].Tourism Mabnagement,1996,17(3):165-174.
[18]Ryan C,Glendon I.Application of leisure motivation scale to tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1998,25(1):169-184.
[19]Wickens E.The sacred and the profane:A tourist typology[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29(3):834-851.
[20]Uriely N,Yonay Y,Simchai D.Backpacking experiences:A type and form analysis[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29(2):520-538.
[21]Cohen E.Towards a sociology of international tourism[J].Social Research,1972,39(1):164-182.
[22]Li L,Cui WH.The basic components of city tourist festival and its drawing effects[J].Journal of Guilin Institute of Tourism,1999(2):11-14.[李力,崔卫华.城市旅游节庆的构成要素及牵动效应[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,1999(2):11-14.]
[23]Dai GQ,Bao JG.A study on event&event tourism(E&ET)in western countries(2)[J].Tourism Tribune,2003(6):111-119.[戴光全,保继刚.西方事件及事件旅游研究的概念、内容、方法与启发(下)[J].旅游学刊,2003(6):111-119.]
[24]Lee CK,Lee YK,Wicks BE.Segmentation of festival motivation by nationality and satisfaction[J].Tourism Management,2004,25(1):61-70.
[25]Kaplanidou K,Vogt C.The Interrelationship between sport event and destination image and sport tourists'behaviors[J].Journal of Sport Tourism,2007,12(3/4):183-206.
[26]Du YM.Research on the method of social network construction[D].Baodin:Agricultural University of Hebei,2010.[杜一鸣.社会关系网络构建方法研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2010.]
[27]Krippendorff K.Content analysis:An introduction to its methodology[M].Beverly Hills,CA:Sage,1980.
[28]Dong WL.Research on marketing result of tourism brochure among the undergraduate group in China[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2006.[董武亮.旅游手册的营销效果研究:以大学生群体为例[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2006.]
[29]Wang YF.The source and basis of the methodology of synthetic research with bibliometrics method and content analysis method[J].Information Studies:Theory&Application,2009(2):21-26.[王曰芬.文献计量法与内容分析法的综合研究的方法论来源与依据[J].情报理论与实践,2009(2):21-26.]
[30]Xiao L,Zhao LM.The tourism destination image of Taiwan dissemination internet:Based on a content analysis of travel-related websites across Taiwan Strait[J].Tourism Tribune,2009(3):75-81.[肖亮,赵黎明.互联网传播的台湾旅游目的地形象:基于两岸相关网站的内容分析[J].旅游学刊,2009(3):75-81.]
[31]Babbie E.The practice of social research[M].Beijing:Huaxia Publishing House,2007.[艾尔·巴比.社会研究方法[M].邱泽奇,译.北京:华夏出版社,2007.]
[32]Qiu JP,Zou F.The research progress of domestic content analysis[J].Library Journal,2003(4):5-8.[邱均平,邹菲.国内内容分析法的研究进展[J].图书馆杂志,2003(4):5-8.]
[33]Liu TT.Research of influencing factors of homosexual’s identification[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2008.[刘颋颋.同性恋者性身份认同的影响因素研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.]
1 摘自世博会官网www.expo2010.cn
2 数据来自中国互联网信息中心《2007年中国博客市场调查报告》
3 信息来自中国互联网信息中心《2007年中国博客市场调查报告》
4 下载地址为http://www.fanpq.com
5 试用版下载地址为http://www.maxqda.com
6 摘自世博会官网www.expo2010.cn
7 摘自世博会官网www.expo2010.cn
[2]Wang CH,Lu l,Xia QY.Tourists’perception value and behavior intention in mega event based on structural equation model(SEM):A case study of 2010Shanghai World Expo[J].Geographical Research,2011(4):735-746.[王朝辉,陆林,夏巧云.基于SEM的重大事件国内游客感知价值及行为意向关系研究:2010上海世博会为例[J].地理研究,2011(4):735-746.]
[3]Getz D.Event management and event tourism[C]//Jafari,J.Encyclopedia of Tourism.New York:Routleledge,2000:209-212.
[4]Peng LY.Empirical research of residents’perceptions on and attitudes towards mega events[D].Shanghai:Fudan University,2008.[彭兰亚.居民对旅游重大事件影响感知特征与态度的实证研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2008.]
[5]Cao XX.Make full use of network,provide service for tourism research and decision making[J].Tourism Tribune,2007(5):11-12.[曹新向.充分利用网络,为旅游研究和决策提供服务[J].旅游学刊,2007(5):11-12.]
[6]Wang T,Lu L.The extraction and analysis of tourism research information based on blogs[J].Tourism Forum,2010(4):480-485.[汪婷,陆林.基于博客的旅游研究信息的提取与分析[J].旅游论坛,2010(4):480-485.]
[7]Zhang W,Dun XF.Study on image perception of mainland tourists to Taiwan:Based on content analysis of online travels[J].Journal of Beijing International Studies University,2010(11):75-83.[张文,顿雪霏.探讨大陆游客对台湾旅游目的地形象的感知:基于网上游记的内容分析[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2010(11):75-83.]
[8]Wang JG,Wang Y.A qualitative research on internet tourist text with NVivo:A case study on Zhaoxing in Southeast Guizhou[J].Tourism Forum,2009(1):30-34.[王佳果,王尧.基于NVivo软件的互联网旅游文本的质性研究:以贵州黔东南肇兴的旅游者文本为例[J].旅游论坛,2009(1):30-34.]
[9]Amaquandoh E,Brown D.A content analysis of sentiments expressed by visitors to cultural heritage sites at the Elmina and Cape Coast former slave castles in Ghana[J].The Consortium Journal,2008,12(2):77-90.
[10]Zhou YG,Ma YH.Study on the tourist satisfaction and tourist management based on free comments from Ctrip:A case study of Huangshan Mountain scenic spot[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2007(2):97-100.[周永广,马燕红.基于携程网自由点评的游客满意度评价及游客管理研究:以黄山风景区为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2007(2):97-100.]
[11]Cao HZ.The new consideration on research of pleasure formation mechanism in tourist experience:The flow theory[J].Northern Economy and Trade,2006(11):13-14.[曹洪珍.旅游体验中研究快乐形成的新方法:畅爽理论[J].北方经贸,2006(11):13-14.]
[12]Li P,Xu CX.Summarize on the study result of tourism experience[J].Journal of Beijing International Studies University(Tourism Version),2007(7):1-8.[李萍,许春晓.旅游体验研究综述[J].北京第二外国语学院学报(旅游版),2007(7):1-8.]
[13]Wei X,Pan YT.Summary of the research on touring experience in China(2000-2009)[J].Tourism Forum,2010(6):645-651.[魏遐,潘益听.中国旅游体验研究十年(2000-2009)综述[J].旅游论坛,2010(6):645-651.]
[14]Cohen E.A phenomenology of tourist experiences[J].Sociology,1979,13(2):179-201.
[15]MacCannell D.Staged authenticity:Arrangements of social space in tourist settings[J].American Journal of Sociology,1973,79(3):589-603.
[16]Unger LS,Kernan JB.On the meaning of leisure:An investigation of some determinants of the subjective experience[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1983,9(4):381-392.
[17]Otto JE,Ritchie JRB.The service experience in tourism[J].Tourism Mabnagement,1996,17(3):165-174.
[18]Ryan C,Glendon I.Application of leisure motivation scale to tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1998,25(1):169-184.
[19]Wickens E.The sacred and the profane:A tourist typology[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29(3):834-851.
[20]Uriely N,Yonay Y,Simchai D.Backpacking experiences:A type and form analysis[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29(2):520-538.
[21]Cohen E.Towards a sociology of international tourism[J].Social Research,1972,39(1):164-182.
[22]Li L,Cui WH.The basic components of city tourist festival and its drawing effects[J].Journal of Guilin Institute of Tourism,1999(2):11-14.[李力,崔卫华.城市旅游节庆的构成要素及牵动效应[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,1999(2):11-14.]
[23]Dai GQ,Bao JG.A study on event&event tourism(E&ET)in western countries(2)[J].Tourism Tribune,2003(6):111-119.[戴光全,保继刚.西方事件及事件旅游研究的概念、内容、方法与启发(下)[J].旅游学刊,2003(6):111-119.]
[24]Lee CK,Lee YK,Wicks BE.Segmentation of festival motivation by nationality and satisfaction[J].Tourism Management,2004,25(1):61-70.
[25]Kaplanidou K,Vogt C.The Interrelationship between sport event and destination image and sport tourists'behaviors[J].Journal of Sport Tourism,2007,12(3/4):183-206.
[26]Du YM.Research on the method of social network construction[D].Baodin:Agricultural University of Hebei,2010.[杜一鸣.社会关系网络构建方法研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2010.]
[27]Krippendorff K.Content analysis:An introduction to its methodology[M].Beverly Hills,CA:Sage,1980.
[28]Dong WL.Research on marketing result of tourism brochure among the undergraduate group in China[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2006.[董武亮.旅游手册的营销效果研究:以大学生群体为例[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2006.]
[29]Wang YF.The source and basis of the methodology of synthetic research with bibliometrics method and content analysis method[J].Information Studies:Theory&Application,2009(2):21-26.[王曰芬.文献计量法与内容分析法的综合研究的方法论来源与依据[J].情报理论与实践,2009(2):21-26.]
[30]Xiao L,Zhao LM.The tourism destination image of Taiwan dissemination internet:Based on a content analysis of travel-related websites across Taiwan Strait[J].Tourism Tribune,2009(3):75-81.[肖亮,赵黎明.互联网传播的台湾旅游目的地形象:基于两岸相关网站的内容分析[J].旅游学刊,2009(3):75-81.]
[31]Babbie E.The practice of social research[M].Beijing:Huaxia Publishing House,2007.[艾尔·巴比.社会研究方法[M].邱泽奇,译.北京:华夏出版社,2007.]
[32]Qiu JP,Zou F.The research progress of domestic content analysis[J].Library Journal,2003(4):5-8.[邱均平,邹菲.国内内容分析法的研究进展[J].图书馆杂志,2003(4):5-8.]
[33]Liu TT.Research of influencing factors of homosexual’s identification[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2008.[刘颋颋.同性恋者性身份认同的影响因素研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.]
1 摘自世博会官网www.expo2010.cn
2 数据来自中国互联网信息中心《2007年中国博客市场调查报告》
3 信息来自中国互联网信息中心《2007年中国博客市场调查报告》
4 下载地址为http://www.fanpq.com
5 试用版下载地址为http://www.maxqda.com
6 摘自世博会官网www.expo2010.cn
7 摘自世博会官网www.expo2010.cn