八卦掌祖师董海川“中年自阉”考析
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摘要
传说八卦掌创立者董海川中年自阉入宫,这是武术史上绝无仅有的事。但他为什么要中年自阉入宫,却始终是个未解之谜。研究认为董并非中年自阉入宫,可能自幼即被阉割;而他自阉是受洪秀全之托试图进宫刺杀清帝之说,则是八卦掌后人美意编造;董自阉是为练成绝世武功的传说,以及金庸小说里为练"葵花宝典"而自阉的故事,则是受中国传统医学与道教养生学"宝精原则"影响的结果。董或本为阉人或自阉习武,亦足证八卦掌和道教的密切关系。
It was said that DONG hai-chuan got into the imperial palace by castrating himself at middle age, which was an unprecedented incident in the history of Wushu. But why he did that remained an unsolved mystery all the time. The authors believed that DONG did not get into the imperial palace by castrating himself at middle age, probably he was already castrated when he was a child; the story saying that his self castration was an attempt to get into the imperial palace to assassinate the emperor of the Qing dynasty as trusted by HONG Xiu-quan was made up by Baguazhang descendants in a well-meaning way; the legend saying that DONG's self castration was for achieving peerless martial arts, and the story about his self castration for practicing "Sunflower Treasures" as told in a novel written by JIN Yong, were the results influenced by "the principle of sperm preciousness" in traditional Chinese medicine and Taoist health keeping philosophy. Either DONG was originally a castrated man, or he castrated himself for practicing martial arts, whichever is enough to show the close relationship between Baguazhang and Taoism.
It was said that DONG hai-chuan got into the imperial palace by castrating himself at middle age, which was an unprecedented incident in the history of Wushu. But why he did that remained an unsolved mystery all the time. The authors believed that DONG did not get into the imperial palace by castrating himself at middle age, probably he was already castrated when he was a child; the story saying that his self castration was an attempt to get into the imperial palace to assassinate the emperor of the Qing dynasty as trusted by HONG Xiu-quan was made up by Baguazhang descendants in a well-meaning way; the legend saying that DONG's self castration was for achieving peerless martial arts, and the story about his self castration for practicing "Sunflower Treasures" as told in a novel written by JIN Yong, were the results influenced by "the principle of sperm preciousness" in traditional Chinese medicine and Taoist health keeping philosophy. Either DONG was originally a castrated man, or he castrated himself for practicing martial arts, whichever is enough to show the close relationship between Baguazhang and Taoism.
引文
[1]秦天寿.董海川与八卦掌[M].香港:天马图书有限公司,1993.
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[4]任福田,池焕卿.“毕五”、“小刀刘”和慎刑司[G]//文史资料选辑47辑.北京:文史资料出版社,1964:4-6.
[5]河北省文安县地方志编纂委员会.文安县志[M].北京:中国社会出版社,1994:695-711.
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[8]冯梦龙.警世通言[M].北京:中华书局,2009:185-197.
[9]张景岳.类经卷一·摄生类[G]//《四库全书》文渊阁本“子部五·医家类”,1773-1781.
[10]陶弘景.养性延命录卷上·教戒篇第一[M].宁越峰,注释.朱德礼,校译.赤峰:内蒙古科学技术出版社,2002:3.
[11]《续修四库全书》编撰委员会.续修四库全书1290子部·宗教类[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1996:565.
[12]兰陵笑笑生.金瓶梅词话[M].北京:人民文学出版社,2000:1104.
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[14]尊我斋主人.少林拳术秘诀[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2009:100.
[15]黄鉴衡.粤海武林春秋[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1982:62.
[16]胡文焕.类修要诀[M].孙炜华,校点.上海:上海中医学院出版社,1989:161.
[2]卞人杰,侯敬舆.国技概论——国术理论概要[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2011:17-18.
[3]马德清.难忘的酷刑[G]//文史资料选辑47辑.北京:文史资料出版社,1982:2-4.
[4]任福田,池焕卿.“毕五”、“小刀刘”和慎刑司[G]//文史资料选辑47辑.北京:文史资料出版社,1964:4-6.
[5]河北省文安县地方志编纂委员会.文安县志[M].北京:中国社会出版社,1994:695-711.
[6]龚鹏程.武艺丛谈[M].济南:山东画报出版社,2009.
[7]施耐庵,罗贯中.水浒传·李卓吾评本[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1988:1184.
[8]冯梦龙.警世通言[M].北京:中华书局,2009:185-197.
[9]张景岳.类经卷一·摄生类[G]//《四库全书》文渊阁本“子部五·医家类”,1773-1781.
[10]陶弘景.养性延命录卷上·教戒篇第一[M].宁越峰,注释.朱德礼,校译.赤峰:内蒙古科学技术出版社,2002:3.
[11]《续修四库全书》编撰委员会.续修四库全书1290子部·宗教类[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1996:565.
[12]兰陵笑笑生.金瓶梅词话[M].北京:人民文学出版社,2000:1104.
[13]冯梦龙.喻世明言[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1958:74.
[14]尊我斋主人.少林拳术秘诀[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2009:100.
[15]黄鉴衡.粤海武林春秋[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1982:62.
[16]胡文焕.类修要诀[M].孙炜华,校点.上海:上海中医学院出版社,1989:161.